2023年卷三 2019年12月英语四级真题及答案.pdf

2019 年 12 月四级考试真题及答案第三套Part I Writing(30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to a foreignfriend who wants to study in China.Please recommend a university tohim.You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.听力同第二套Part Reading Comprehension(40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required toselect one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bankfollowing the passage.Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter.Pleasemark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with asingle line through the centre.You may not use any of the words in thebank more than once.Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Millions of people travel by plane every single day.If youre planning on beingone of them soon,you might not be looking forward to the 26 feeling air traveloften leaves you with.Besides the airport crowds and stress,traveling at such a high altitude has realeffects on the body.Although the pressure of the cabin is 27 to prevent altitudesickness,you could still 28 sleepiness or a headache.The lower oxygen pressurefound in an aircraft cabin is 29 to that at 6,000 to 8,000 feet of altitude.A drop inoxygen pressure can cause headaches in certain 30.To prevent headaches,drinkplenty of water,and avoid alcohol and coffee.Airplane food might not really be as tasteless as you 31 thought.The air youbreathe in a plane dries out your mouth and nose,which can affect your sense of taste.Perception of sweet and salty foods dropped by almost 30 percent in a simulation ofair travel.However,you can make your taste buds active by drinking water.A drymouth may 32 taste sensitivity,but taste is restored with fluids.Although in-flight infections 33 in dry environments like airplanes,your riskof getting sick from an airplane is actually low because of the air 34 used.Unlessyoure sitting next to someone who is coughing or sneezing,you shouldnt worry toomuch about getting sick.However,bacteria has been shown to live on cabin surfaces,so wash your hands 35.A)adjustedB)channelsC)equivalentD)experienceE)filtersF)frequentlyG)individualsH)originallyI)particularJ)primarilyK)reduceL)renovatedM)smoothN)thriveO)unpleasantSection BDirections:In this section,you are going to read a passage with ten statementsattached to each statement contains information given in one of theparagraphs.Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once.Each paragraph is markedwith a letter.Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letteron Answer Sheet 2.A South Korean City Designed for the Future Takes on a Life of Its OwnA Getting around a city is one thingand then theres the matter of gettingfrom one city to another.One vision of the perfect city of the future:a place thatoffers easy access to air travel.In 2011,a University of North Carolina businessprofessor named John Kasarda published a book called Aerotropolis:The WayWell Live Next.Kasarda says future cities should be built intentionally around ornear airports.The idea,as he has put it,is to offer businesses“rapid,long-distance connectivity on a massive scale.”B“The 18th century really was a waterborne century,the 19th century arail century,the 20th century a highway,car,truck centuryand the 21st centurywill increasingly be an aviation century,as the globe becomes increasinglyconnected by air,”Kasarda says.Songdo,a city built from scratch in South Korea,is one of Kasardas prime examples.It has existed for just a few years.“From theget-go,it was designed on the basis of connectivity and competitiveness,”saysKasada.“The government built the bridge directly from the airport to the SongdoInternational Business District.And the surface infrastructure was built in tandemwith the new airport.”C Songdo is a stones throw from South Koreas Incheon Airport,its maininternational hub.But it takes a lot more than a nearby airport to be a city of thefuture.Just building a place as an“international business district”doesnt mean itwill become one.Park Yeon Soo conceived this city of the future back in 1986.He considers Songdo his baby.“I am a visionary,”he says.Thirty years after heimagined the city,Parks baby is close to 70 percent built,with 36.000 peopleliving in the business district and 90,000 residents in greater Songdo.Its about anhour outside Seoul,built on reclaimed tidal flats along the Yellow Sea,Theres a子的愿望从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人或者期望他们过什么样的生活父母非常重视给孩子取Coast Guard building and a tall trade tower,as well as a park,golf course anduniversity.D Chances are youve actually seen this place.Songdo appears in the mostfamous music video ever to come out of South Korea.“Gangnam Style”refers tothe fashionable Gangnam district in Seoul.But some of the video was filmed inSongdo.”I dont know if you remember,there was a scene in a subway station.That was not Gangnam.That was actually Songdo,”says Jung Won Son,aprofessor of urban development at Londons Bartlett School of Planning,“Part ofthe reason to shoot there is that its new and nice.”E The city was supposed to be a hub for global companies,with employeesfrom all over the world.But hats not how it has turned out.Songdos reputationis as a futuristic ghost town.But the reality is more complicated.A bridge withbig,light-blue loops leads into the business district.In the center of the main road,theres a long line of flags of the world.On the corner,theres a Starbucks and a7-Elevenall of the international brands that you see all over the worldnowadays.F The city is not empty.There are mothers pushing strollers,old womenwith walkerseven in the middle of the day,when its 90 degrees out.ByunYoung-Jin chairs the Songdo real estate association and started selling propertyhere when the first phase of the city opened in 2005.He says demand has boomedin the past couple of years.Most of his clients are Korean.In fact,the developersays,99 percent of the homes here are sold to Koreans.Young families move herebecause the schools are great.And thats the problem:Songdo has become apopular Korean citymore popular as a residential area than a business one.Itsnot yet the futuristic international business hub that planners imagined.“Its agreat place to live.And its becoming a great place to work,”says Scott Summers,the vice president of Gale International,the developer of the city.Thefloor-to-ceiling windows of his companys offices overlook Songdo Central Park,with a canal full of kayaks and paddle boats.Shimmering glass towers line thecanals edge.G“Whats happened is,because we focused on creating that quality of lifefirst,which enabled the residents to live here,what has probably missed the markis for companies to locate here,”he says.“There needs to be strong economicincentives.”The city is still unfinished,and it feels a bit like a theme park.Itdoesnt feel all that futuristic.Theres a high-tech underground trash disposalsystem.Buildings are environmentally friendly.Everybodys television set isconnected to a system that streams personalized language or exercise classes.H But Star Trek this is not.And to some of the residents,Songdo feelshollow.“Im,like,in prison for weekdays.Thats what we call it in theworkplace,”says a woman in her 20s.She doesnt want to use her name for fearof being fired from her job.She goes back to Seoul every weekend.“I say Imprison-breaking on Friday nights.”But she has to make the prison break in herown car.Theres no high-speed train connecting Songdo to Seoul,just over 20miles away.子的愿望从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人或者期望他们过什么样的生活父母非常重视给孩子取I The man who first imagined Songdo feels frustrated,too.Park says hebuilt South Korea a luxury vehicle,“like Mercedes or BMW.Its a good car now.But were waiting for a good driver to accelerate.”But there are lots of othergood cars out there,too.The world is dotted with futuristic,high-tech citiestrying to attract the biggest international companiesJ Songdos backers contend that its still early,and business space is fillingupabout 70 percent of finished offices are now occupied.Brent Ryan,whoteaches urban design at MIT,says Songdo proves a universal principle.“Therehave been a lot of utopian cities in history.And the reason we dont know about alot of them is that a lot of them have vanished entirely.”In other words,when itcomes to citiesor anything elseit is hard to predict the future.36.Songdos popularity lies more in its quality of life than its businessattraction.37.The man who conceives Songdo feels disappointed because it has fallenshort of his expectations.38.A scene in a popular South Korean music video was shot in Songdo.39.Songdo still lacks the financial stimulus for businesses to set up shopthere.40.Airplanes will increasingly become the chief means of transportation,according to a professor.41.Songdo has ended up different from the city it was supposed to be.42.Some of the people who work in Songdo complain about boredom in theworkplace.43.A business professor says that a future city should have easy access tointernational transportation.44.Acording to an urban design professor,it is difficult for city designers toforesee what happen in the future.45.Park Yeon So.Who envisioned Songdo,feels a parental connection withthe city.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section.Each passage is followed by somequestions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are fourchoices marked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choiceand mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single linethrough the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.The fifth largest city in the US passed a significant soda tax proposal that willlevy 1.5 cents per liquid ounce on distributors.Philadelphias new measure was approved by a 13 to 4 city council vote.It sets anew bar for similar initiatives across the county.It is proof that taxes on sugary drinkscan win substantial support outside super-liberal areas.Until now,the only city to子的愿望从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人或者期望他们过什么样的生活父母非常重视给孩子取successfully pass and implement a soda tax was Berkeley,California,in 2014.The tax will apply to regular and diet sodas,as well as other drinks with addedsugar,such as Gatorade and iced teas.Its expected to raise$410 million over the nextfive years,most of which will go toward funding a universal pre-kindergartenprogram for the city.While the city council vote was met with applause inside the council room,opponents to the measure,including soda lobbyists made sharp criticisms and apromise to challenge the tax in court.“The tax passed today unfairly singles out beveragesincluding low-andno-calorie choices,”said Lauren Kane,spokeswoman for the American BeverageAssociation.“But most importantly,it is against the law.So we will side with themajority of the people of Philadelphia who oppose this tax and take legal action tostop it.”An industry backed anti-tax campaign has spent at least$4 million onadvertisements.The ads criticized the measure.characterizing it as a“grocery tax.”Public health groups applauded the approved tax as a step toward fixing certainlasting health issues that plague Americans.“The move to recapture a small part ofthe profits from an industry that pushes a product that contributes to diabetes,obesityand heart disease in poorer communities in order to reinvest in those communities willsure be inspirational to many other places,”said Jim Krieger,executive director ofHealthy Food America.“Indeed,we are already hearing from some of them.Its notjust Berkeley anymore.”Similar measures in Californias Albany,Oakland,San Francisco and ColoradosBoulder are becoming hot-button issues Health advocacy groups have hinted thateven more might be coming.46.What does the passage say about the newly-approved soda tax inPhiladelphia?A)It will change the lifestyle of many consumers.B)It may encourage other US cities to follow suit.C)It will cut soda consumption among low-income communities.D)It may influence the marketing strategies of the soda business.47.What will the opponents probably do to respond to the soda tax proposal?A)Bargain with the city council.B)Refuse to pay additional tax.C)Take legal action against it.D)Try to win public support.48.What did the industry-backed anti-tax campaign do about the soda taxproposal?A)It tried to arouse hostile feelings among consumers.B)It tried to win grocers support against the measure.C)It kept sending letters of protest to the media.D)It criticized the measure through advertising.49.What did public health groups think the soda tax would do?A)Alert people to the risk of sugar-induced diseases.子的愿望从孩子的名字可以推断出父母希望孩子成为代么样的人或者期望他们过什么样的生活父母非常重视给孩子取B)Help people to fix certain long-time health issues.C)Add to the fund for their research on diseases.D)Benefit low-income people across the country.50.What do we learn about similar measures concerning the soda tax in someother cities?A)They are becoming rather sensitive issues.B)They are spreading panic in the soda industry.C)They are reducing the incidence of sugar-induced diseases.D)They are taking away lot of profit from the soda industry.Passage TwoQuestions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.Popping food into the microwave for a couple of minutes may seem utterlyharmless,but Europes stock of these quick-cooking ovens emit as much carbon asnearly 7 million cars,a new study has found.And the problem is growing.With costsfalling and kitchen appliances becoming“status”items,owners are throwing awaymicrowaves after an average of eight years.This is pushing sales of new microwaveswhich are expected to reach 135 million annually in the EU by the end of the decade.A study by the University of Manchester calculated the emissions of CO2themain greenhouse gas responsible for climate changeat every stage of microwaves,from manufacture to waste disposal.“It is electricity consumption by microwaves thathas the biggest impact on the environment,”say the authors.The authors alsocalculate that the emissions from using 19 microwaves over a year are the same asthose from using a car.According to the same study,efforts to reduce consumptionshould focus on improving consumer awareness and behaviour.For example,consumers could use appliances in a more efficient way by adjusting the time ofcooking to the type of food.However,David Reay,professor of carbon management,argues that,althoughmicrowaves use a great deal of energy,their emissions are minor compared to thosefrom cars.In the UK alone,there are around 30 million cars.These cars emit morethan all the microwaves in the EU.Backing this up,recent data show that passengercars in the UK emitted 69 million tons of CO2in 2015.This is 10 times the amountthis new microwave oven study estimates for annual emissions for all the microwaveovens in the EU.Further,the energy used by microwaves is lower than any other fromof cooking.Among