高考英语全国专用考前三个月课件：专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步 题型突破（十四）.pptx

1.细节理解题 2.推理判断题 3.主旨大意题 4.词义猜测题 5.文章结构题 五类题型 分类突破专题一 阅读理解 满分方略 第三步A(2017 河南开封质检)Gwendolyn Brooks was the first African American to win a Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.Gwendolyn Brooks wrote hundreds of poems during her lifetime.She was known around the world for using poetry to increase understanding about black culture in America.题型突破(十四)文章结构之写作手法题Her poems described conditions among the poor，racial inequality and drug use in the black community.She also wrote poems about the struggles of black women.But her skill was more than her ability to write about struggling black people.She was an expert at the language of poetry.She combined traditional European poetry styles with the African American experience.In her early poetry，Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about the South Side of Chicago.The South Side of Chicago is where many black people live.In her poems，the South Side is called Bronzeville.It was A Street in Bronze v ille that gained the attention of literary experts in 1945.Critics praised her poetic skill and her powerful descriptions of the black experience during the time.The Bronzeville poems were her first published collection.In 1950，Gwendolyn Brooks became the first African American to win the Pulitzer Prize for Poetry.She won the prize for her second book of poems called Annie Allen.Annie Allen is a collection of poetry about the life of a Bronzeville girl as a daughter，a wife and mother.She experiences loneliness，loss，death and being poor.Ms Brooks said that winning the prize changed her life.Her next work was a novel written in 1953 called Maud Martha.Maud Martha received little notice when it was first published.But now it is considered an important work by some critics.Its main ideas about the difficult life of many women are popular among female writers today.In some of her poems，Gwendolyn Brooks described how what people see in life is affected by who they are.One example is this poem，Corners on the Curing Sky.By the end of the 1960s，Gwendolyn Brooks s poetry expanded from the everyday experiences of people in Bronzeville.She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.语 篇 解 读 文 章 介 绍 了 普 利 策 诗 歌 奖 的 第 一 位 非 裔 美 国 人 得 主女 诗人格温德琳 布鲁克斯的作品成就和作品风格。语篇解读1.What does the text mainly talk about?A.The life of Gwendolyn Brooks.B.The poems of Gwendolyn Brooks.C.The understanding about black culture.D.The struggles of black women.答案 解析2 3 1解 析 主 旨 大 意 题。文 章 向 我 们 介 绍 了 著 名 女 诗 人 布 鲁 克 斯 的 诗 歌 风 格及作品特点。故B 项最为恰当。42.What can we learn about Gwendolyn Brooks from the second paragraph?A.She mainly wrote about the struggles of black women.B.She was good at using the language of poetry.C.Her writing skills were a little worse than her ability.D.Her poems were mainly about the African experience.答案 解析解 析 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 文 章 第 二 段 倒 数 第 二 句“She was an expert at the language of poetry.”可 知，她 是 诗 歌 语 言 运 用 方 面 的 专 家，即 她 擅长运用诗歌语言。故选B 项。2 3 1 43.The author develops the passage mainly by.A.providing examplesB.using statisticsC.comparing opinionsD.describing her experiences答案 解析2 3 1 4解 析 写 作 手 法 题。文 章 介 绍 的 是 诗 人 的 诗 歌 成 就 及 特 点，根 据 文 中 的A Street in Bronze v ille，Annie Allen，Maud Martha，Corners on the Curing Sky等可知，文章列举了她大量的作品作为例证。故选A 项。4.In the next part，the author would most probably talk about.A.the difficulties Gwendolyn Brooks would meetB.the poems related to political issuesC.the awards Gwendolyn Brooks gainedD.the racial inequality the black had to face答案 解析2 3 1 4解 析 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 最 后 一 段 中 的“She wrote about a wider world and dealt with important political issues.”可 知，20世 纪60年 代 末，她 的 诗歌 内 容 从 人 们 的 日 常 经 历 扩 展 到 更 宽 的 领 域，开 始 涉 及 重 要 的 政 治 问 题，所以下文很可能会谈论与该话题相关的作品。B(2017 黑龙江哈尔滨六中期末)Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%，according to new UCL research carried out as part of the Public Health Research Center.The study，published in JAMA Psychiatry，found a two-way relationship between depression and physical activity.People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depressive symptoms but those with more depressive symptoms were less active，particularly at younger ages.Researchers followed 11,135 people born in 1958 up until the age of 50，recording depressive symptoms and levels of physical activity at regular intervals in adulthood.They found that each additional activity period per week reduced odds of depression by 6%.In England 19%of men and 26%of women are currently classed as“inactive”，and this study suggests that activity could significantly improve their mental as well as physical health.“Assuming the association is causal，physical activity has a protective effect against depression.If an adult between their twenties and forties who isn t physically active became active 3 times per week，they would reduce their risks of depression by about 16%，”says Dr Snehal of the UCL Institute of Child Health，lead author of the study.Professor Mark，director of the Public Health Research Center，said，“Many people are already aware of the benefits of physical activity on their general health，but now we are seeing more evidence that suggest it also has a positive effect on a person s mental well-being.The latest research highlights just how important it is to ensure that people are working and living in environments that allow them to be both physically active and mentally healthy.”语 篇 解 读 研 究 表 明，随 着 每 周 锻 炼 身 体 次 数 的 增 加，人 们 患 上 抑 郁 症的风险会降低。语篇解读5.What is the author s purpose in writing the passage?A.To tell us a fun story about how to protect us against depression.B.To introduce a research on the link between activity and depression.C.To persuade readers to increase their weekly activity.D.To describe the disadvantages of physical activity.答案 解析6 7 5解 析 写 作 意 图 题。本 文 主 要 介 绍 了 一 项 科 学 研 究 成 果，该 成 果 表 明 每周 锻 炼 身 体 次 数 的 增 加 可 以 降 低 人 们 患 上 抑 郁 症 的 风 险。所 以 作 者 的 写作目的是劝人们多锻炼。故选C。86.According to the second paragraph，if people increase their weekly activity，.A.their depressive symptoms will be fewerB.their depressive symptoms will be moreC.they will become much youngerD.they will become more depressive解 析 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 第 二 段 中 的“People who increased their weekly activity reported fewer depressive symptoms.”可 知，如 果 人 们增加他们每周锻炼的次数，就会减少抑郁症的发生。故选A。答案 解析6 7 5 87.Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Dr Snehal thinks it important to be both physically and mentally healthy.B.The research shows men are more active in physical activities than women.C.Adults who insist on physical activity will reduce depression completely.D.Increasing physical activities can free people from depression in a way.解 析 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 一 段 中 的“Being physically active three times a week reduces the odds of being depressed by about 16%.”可 知，增加锻炼身体的次数在某种程度上能降低患上抑郁症的风险。故选D。答案 解析6 7 5 88.The author shows his view mainly by.A.doing researchB.comparing and contrastingC.trying on himselfD.discussing and summarizing答案 解析6 7 5 8解 析 写 作 手 法 题。本 文 通 过 对 比 锻 炼 身 体 的 次 数 与 患 上 抑 郁 症 风 险的 概 率，表 明 了 增 加 身 体 锻 炼 的 次 数，在 某 种 程 度 上 能 降 低 患 上 抑 郁症的风险。故选B。C(2017 陕西西安铁一中学三模)It has always been thought that alcohol causes people to put on weight because it contains a lot of sugar，but new research suggests a glass a day could form part of a diet.Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight，those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.A spokesman for the research team at Navarro University in Spain says，“Light to moderate alcohol intake，especially of wine，may be more likely to protect against，rather than promote，weight gain.”The International Scientific Forum on Alcohol research reviewed the findings and agreed with most of the conclusions，particularly that data do not clearly indicate if moderate drinking increases weight.Boston University s Dr Harvey Finkel found that the biologic mechanisms(生 物 学 机 制)relating alcohol to changes in body weight are not properly understood.His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖 尿病)，which relate to increasing obesity.Some studies suggest that even very obese people may be at lower risk of diabetes if they are moderate drinkers.The group says alcohol provides calories that are quickly absorbed into the body and are not stored in fat，and that this process could explain the differences in its effects from those of other foods.They agree that future research should be directed towards assessing the roles of different types of alcoholic drinks，taking into consideration drinking patterns and including the past tendency of participants to gain weight.语篇解读For now there is little evidence that consuming small to moderate amounts of alcohol on a regular basis increases ones risk of becoming obese.What s more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.语 篇 解 读 研 究 发 现 酒 也 可 能 成 为 人 们 饮 食 的 一 部 分，适 量 饮 酒 的 人并不会发胖，反而会减肥，并且不会患上糖尿病。9.The passage is mainly for those.A.who produce wineB.who have a drinking habitC.who go on a dietD.who are eager to lose weight答案 解析10 11 9 12解 析 写 作 对 象 题。根 据 文 章 第 一 段 可 知，研 究 发 现 酒 也 可 能 成 为 人们 饮 食 的 一 部 分，适 当 的 饮 酒 反 而 会 使 人 减 肥。全 文 都 在 叙 述 与 之 有关的研究，那么本文应该是写给那些喝酒的人的。故选B。10.How does the writer clarify his view at the very beginning?A.By quotation.B.By comparison.C.By question.D.By statement.答案 解析解 析 写 作 手 法 题。根 据 第 一 段 第 二 句“Looking at past studies they found that，while heavy drinkers do put on weight，those who drink in moderation can actually lose weight.”可 知，尽 管 酗 酒 的 确 可 以 增 加 体 重，但 是 那 些 适 量 饮 酒 的 人 实 际 上 会 减 肥。根 据 连 词while 可 知 上 下 文 存 在 对比关系。故选B。10 11 9 1211.What can we learn from the passage?A.Current data clearly show that moderate drinking increases weight.B.Resveratrol is proved to increase the risk of becoming fat.C.The research found moderate drinking has a strong protective effect.D.The specific roles of different types of alcoholic drinks are very clear.答案 解析解 析 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 第 三 段 第 二 句“His team pointed out the strong protective effects of moderate drinking on the risk of getting conditions like diabetes(糖 尿 病)，which relate to increasing obesity.”可知，适量饮酒有保护作用。故选C。10 11 9 1212.What is most likely to be discussed in the paragraph that follows?A.How to do some easy experiments.B.How to reduce the calories contained in wine.C.How to prove the finding mentioned above.D.How to make wine in a healthy way.答案 解析解 析 篇 章 结 构 题。根 据 文 章 最 后 一 句“What s more，a study three years ago suggested that resveratrol，a compound present in grapes and red wine destroys fat cells.”可 知，一 项 研 究 表 明 葡 萄 和 红 酒 中 存 在 的 白 藜芦 醇(resveratrol)实 际 上 可 以 破 坏 肥 胖 细 胞，那 么 接 下 来 就 应 该 证 明 这 一理论的正确性。故选C。10 11 9 12D(2017 福建泉州一模)We know a lot about the advantages and disadvantages of reading a hard-copy book vs reading electronically.The problem is，many of us refuse to listen.Don t get me wrong：Digital reading has some real advantages.Ask people what they like most about reading on digital screens，and you will hear over and over again about the convenience.More points for digital reading：E-books tend to be cheaper.There s also the environmental argument.Think of the trees!Yet the soundness of this case is arguable.The earth metals to build e-readers are not just rare but highly poisonous.And think about all that energy needed to run servers and cooling fans.And remember，trees are a renewable resource.Then，there s the appeal of a hard copy.Many people prefer print when reading both for pleasure and for school or work.Drawing examples from my own research，some of the reasons are aesthetic(美 学 的).Others involve a sense of accomplishment，ease of annotation(“I can write on the pages”)，and navigation(“easy to locate where I was”).Meanwhile，I hear abundant complaints about eye strain(干涩)and headaches when using screens.Much of what students liked about reading print involved their minds.They say“it s easier to focus”.Some also acknowledged they took more time with printed text and read more carefully.But what makes the failure of electronic reading is concentration.More than 92 percent of those I surveyed said they concentrate best when reading a hard copy.When a digital device has an Internet connection，it s hard to resist the temptation(诱惑).So if digital interruptions don t threaten your enjoyment or understanding of a text，then medium may not matter.Casual reading like David Baldacci?If you break to check sports scores，little harm done.But just don t expect to understand Joyce s novels this way.语 篇 解 读 文 章 分 析 了 阅 读 纸 质 书 和 阅 读 电 子 书 的 优 缺 点，鼓 励 人 们 更多地阅读纸质书。语篇解读13.What is an advantage of reading a hard-copy book?A.It is cheaper.B.It is easier to carry around.C.It helps people think deeper.D.It provides instant information.解 析 推 理 判 断 题。根 据 文 章 第 五 段 内 容 可 知，学 生 们 喜 欢 阅 读 纸 质 书主 要 是 因 为 他 们“更 容 易 专 注”。一 些 学 生 也 承 认 他 们 会 花 更 多 的 时 间阅 读 纸 质 课 文 并 且 阅 读 得 更 仔 细。所 以 阅 读 纸 质 书 的 优 点 是 帮 助 人 们 更深刻地思考。故选C。答案 解析14 15 1314.What s the biggest problem of reading digitally?A.Environmental concern.B.Physical discomfort.C.Concentration.D.Internet connection.解 析 细 节 理 解 题。根 据 文 章 倒 数 第 二 段 第 一 句“But what makes the failure of electronic reading is concentration.”可 知，电 子 阅 读 的 最 大 问题是专注。故选C。答案 解析14 15 1315.How is the passage mainly developed?A.By analyzing possible reasons.B.By providing typical examples.C.By listing practical suggestions.D.By presenting direct comparisons.答案 解析解 析 写 作 手 法 题。根 据 文 章 内 容 可 知，文 章 通 过 比 较 阅 读 纸 质 书 和阅读电子书的优缺点展开阐述，可知正确答案是D。14 15 13本课结束