高考英语一轮复习 语法专项突破 第11讲 特殊句式和主谓一致课件 牛津译林版.ppt

第十一第十一讲讲特殊句式和主特殊句式和主谓谓一致一致一、倒装一、倒装种种类类倒装条件倒装条件例句例句全部全部倒装倒装(1)表示方式或方位的副表示方式或方位的副词词或或介介词词短短语语，如，如here，there，now，then，up，down，in，away，off，out，on the wall，under the tree等置于句首，等置于句首，且主且主语语是名是名词时词时。Hearing the dog barking fiercely，away fled the thief.温馨提示温馨提示上述情况上述情况中中，若主若主语语是人称代是人称代词词，则则不用倒装。不用倒装。Away they went.(2)代代词词such放在句首，且在放在句首，且在句中作表句中作表语时语时。Such are the facts；no one can deny them.种种类类倒装条件倒装条件例句例句全部全部倒装倒装(3)为为平衡句子平衡句子结结构或构或使上下文使上下文衔衔接接紧紧密，密，常将作表常将作表语语的形容的形容词词、副副词词、分、分词词或介或介词词短短语语提到句首，引起全提到句首，引起全部倒装。部倒装。Present at the meeting were Professor White and many other guests.Hanging on the wall is a beautiful picture.种种类类倒装条件倒装条件例句例句部分部分倒装倒装(1)only修修饰饰副副词词、介、介词词短短语语或状或状语语从句，且放在句从句，且放在句首首时时。(2013高考江西卷高考江西卷)Only when he apologizes for his rudeness will I speak to him again.Only then did I know the importance of learning.(2)含有否定意含有否定意义义的副的副词词或或词组词组(never，seldom,little,hardly,by no means,not until等等)位于句首位于句首时时。Never before has she seen anybody who can play tennis as well as Robert.种种类类倒装条件倒装条件例句例句部分部分倒装倒装(3)hardly.when,no sooner.than,not only.but(also).等引等引导导两个分句两个分句时时，若，若hardly,no sooner,not only位位于句首，前一个分句用部分于句首，前一个分句用部分倒装，后一个分句不倒装，后一个分句不变变。Hardly had I reached the bus stop when the bus started.Not only was the coat soft，but it was also warm.种种类类倒装条件倒装条件例句例句部分部分倒装倒装(4)so/neither/nor置于句首，置于句首，意意为为“也也”或或“也不也不”，表示前，表示前面所面所说说的情况也适用于另一的情况也适用于另一个人或事物个人或事物时时。He is a doctor.So is his wife.Lily cant ride，neither/nor can Lucy.(5)so/such.that.句型中，句型中，当当suchn.或或soadj./adv.位于句首位于句首时时,主句部分倒装主句部分倒装,that从句不倒装。从句不倒装。So small was the market that I could hardly see it.So carelessly did the drive that he almost killed himself.种种类类倒装条件倒装条件例句例句部分部分倒装倒装(6)though/as引引导让导让步状步状语语从从句句时时，意，意为为“尽管尽管”，通常，通常把句中状把句中状语语、表、表语语或或动词动词提提前；若表前；若表语语是名是名词词，其前不，其前不用冠用冠词词。常。常见结见结构：状构：状语语/表表语语/动词动词though/as主主谓谓结结构。构。Try as he would,he might fail again.Unsatisfied though he was with the payment,he took the job just to get some work experience.(7)当当if引引导导的虚的虚拟拟条件从句中条件从句中含有含有had,were或或should等等时时,如如将将if省略省略,则则要将要将had,were或或should等移到主等移到主语语之前。之前。Had I attended the meeting,I would have met Jim.A 2(2014高考大高考大纲纲全国卷全国卷)_ the nurses want a pay increase，they want reduced hours as well.ANot do only BDo not onlyCOnly not do DNot only do解析：考解析：考查查倒装句。句意：倒装句。句意：护护士士们们不不仅仅要求提高工要求提高工资资，还还要要求求缩缩短工作短工作时间时间。not only在句首引起句子在句首引起句子时时，该该句用部分倒句用部分倒装装，其其结结构构为为not only do/will/can etc.，因此因此D项项正确。正确。D3(2014高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)Only when you can find peace in your heart _good relationships with others.Awill you keep Byou will keepCyou kept Ddid you keep解析：考解析：考查查倒装句。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静倒装句。句意：唯有找到内心的宁静，方能方能维维持持人人际际关系的和关系的和谐谐。“only副副词词/介介词词短短语语/状状语语从句从句”置于句置于句首首时时，句子句子(主句主句)要用部分倒装要用部分倒装语语序。本序。本题题中中，时间时间状状语语从句从句when you can find peace in your heart 被被only修修饰饰，且置于句且置于句首首，故主句用部分倒装故主句用部分倒装结结构。构。A二、二、强强调调句句强强调调句句(1)It is/was.that/who可以可以对对除除谓语谓语以外的成分以外的成分进进行行强强调调.当当强强调调部分部分为为“人人”时时，可，可用用that或或who，其他情况下用，其他情况下用that。(2014高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)Its not doing the things we like，but liking the things we have to do that makes life happy.(2)一般疑一般疑问问句：句：Is/Wasit.that/who.？特殊疑特殊疑问问句：疑句：疑问词问词is/wasitthat/who.？The patient looks much better.What is it that has made him what he is today？Was it on a lonely island that he was saved one month after the boat went down？强强调调句句谓语谓语动词动词(3)“not.until.”句型的句型的强强调调句：句：It is/was not until.that.(2013高考天津卷高考天津卷)It was not until near the end of the letter that she mentioned her own plan.do/does/did动词动词原形原形(只只用于肯定句，并且只有用于肯定句，并且只有现现在在时时和和过过去去时时)I do hope you can take my plan into consideration.He did write to you last night.1(2014高考四川卷高考四川卷)Was it because Jack came late for school_ Mr.Smith got angry?Awhy BwhoCwhere DthatD 2(2014高考福建卷高考福建卷)It was the culture，rather than the language，_made it hard for him to adapt to the new environment abroad.Awhere BwhyCthat DwhatC三、省略三、省略状状语语从从句句当状当状语语从句的主从句的主语语和和主句的主主句的主语语一致或从一致或从句的主句的主语为语为it且从句且从句中有中有be动词时动词时，可以，可以省略状省略状语语从句中的主从句中的主语语和和be动词动词。(2015芜芜湖一中高三湖一中高三模模拟拟)Every day after I went home,if not tired from work,I will go out for a walk with my wife.(2013高考天津卷高考天津卷)Although small，the company has about 1,000 buyers in over 30 countries.宾宾语语从从句句“替代性替代性”省略：省略：not与与be afraid,hope,think,believe,suppose,expect等等连连用，代替用，代替否定的否定的宾语宾语从句，从句，so代替肯定代替肯定的的宾语宾语从句，但表示否定意从句，但表示否定意义义时时，hope与与be afraid只用只用I hope/am afraid not的形式，的形式，而而think,believe,suppose等有等有两种形式，即：两种形式，即：I think/believe/suppose not和和I dont think/believe/suppose so。Do you think it will rain？I hope not/so.Do they mind you smoking there？I dont think so/I think not.动词动词不定不定式式(1)感官感官动词动词或使役或使役动词动词(如如feel,see,hear,notice,watch,observe,let,make,have等等)后后接不定式作接不定式作宾语补宾语补足足语时语时省省略略to，但在被，但在被动语态动语态中不能省中不能省略略(let除外除外)。I heard someone sing in the next room.My mother wouldnt let me go to see the film.(2)在在do nothing but do,cant help but do,why not do,would rather do.than do.，prefer to do.rather than do.等句型中省略等句型中省略to。I would prefer to swim rather than play football.不不定定式式符符号号to的的省省略略动动词词不不定定式式不不定定式式的的省省略略(1)使用不定式符号使用不定式符号to来代替不定来代替不定式后被省略的式后被省略的动词动词，常在，常在be afraid,expect,forget,hope,intend,like，love,mean,prefer,refuse,seem,try,want，wish等的等的后后边边。I asked him to see the film,but he didnt want to.(2)在某些形容在某些形容词词如如glad，happy，pleased,delighted等后面使用不定等后面使用不定式符号式符号to来代替省略的来代替省略的动词动词。Will you join in the game？Id be glad to.(3)如果不定式中含有如果不定式中含有be，have，have been，通常保留通常保留be,have和和have been。Are you a sailor?No,but I used to be.DB 四、其他句式四、其他句式1祈使句的固定句式祈使句的固定句式(1)祈使句祈使句and简单简单句，可句，可译为译为“如果如果就就”。(2)祈使句祈使句or/otherwise简单简单句，可句，可译为译为“否否则则”。(3)名名词词组词词组(多含有多含有more，another)and简单简单句，可句，可译为译为“如果再如果再就就”。(2014高考大高考大纲纲全国卷全国卷)Call me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result.明天明天给给我打我打电话电话，我会，我会让让你知道你知道实验结实验结果的。果的。2感感叹叹句的固定句式句的固定句式(1)Whata/an形容形容词词单单数名数名词词主主语语谓语谓语！How形容形容词词a/an单词单词名名词词主主语语谓语谓语！(2)What(形容形容词词)不可数名不可数名词词/复数名复数名词词主主语语谓语谓语！(3)How形容形容词词/副副词词主主语语谓语谓语！(4)How主主语语谓语谓语！The shocking news made me realize what terrible problems we would face.这这个惊人的消息使我意个惊人的消息使我意识识到我到我们们将面将面临临多么多么严严重重的的问题问题。3反意疑反意疑问问句句(1)祈使句的反意疑祈使句的反意疑问问句句肯定的祈使句，肯定的祈使句，简简短短问问句用句用will you/wont you。否定的祈使句，否定的祈使句，简简短短问问句用句用will you。Lets.，shall we?Let us.，will you?(2)主从复合句的反意疑主从复合句的反意疑问问句，与主句的主句，与主句的主谓语谓语保持一致。但保持一致。但当当陈陈述部分是述部分是I/We think/believe/expect/suppose加从句加从句时时，疑，疑问问句句应应和从句的人称和从句的人称时态时态保持一致。保持一致。There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent，is there?毫无疑毫无疑问问，你，你认为认为他是无辜的。他是无辜的。难难道不是道不是吗吗？温馨提示温馨提示当陈述部分为否定当陈述部分为否定式，反意疑式，反意疑问问部分部分为为肯定式肯定式时时，其回答往往与，其回答往往与汉语汉语不一致，要特不一致，要特别别注意！注意！Tom doesnt know it，does he?汤汤姆不知道姆不知道这这事，事，对对吧？吧？No，he doesnt./Yes，he does.对对，他不知道。，他不知道。/不，他知道。不，他知道。(2014高考重高考重庆庆卷卷)I spent two weeks in London last summer.Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay，_ you?Amustnt BhaventCdidnt DhadntC解析：考解析：考查查反意疑反意疑问问句。句意：句。句意：去年夏天去年夏天，我在我在伦伦敦度敦度过过了两个星期。了两个星期。那么那么，在此期在此期间间你肯定参你肯定参观观了英国博物了英国博物馆馆，是不是？是不是？must have done结结构在句中表示构在句中表示对过对过去事情的去事情的推推测测，当句末有反意疑当句末有反意疑问问的的语语气气时时，可分可分为为两种情况：两种情况：(1)句句中没有明确的中没有明确的过过去去时间时间状状语时语时，反意疑反意疑问问句句结结构构为为“havent/hasnt.”；(2)句中有明确的句中有明确的过过去去时间时间状状语语时时，反意疑反意疑问问句句结结构构为为“didnt.？”。根据。根据题题干中的干中的过过去去时间时间状状语语last summer以及以及during your stay可知可知，反意疑问，反意疑问句的结构应用第二种情况。句的结构应用第二种情况。五五、主、主谓谓一致一致含含all，most，half，rest等的名等的名词词组词词组作主作主语语，所指的内容是复，所指的内容是复数意数意义时义时，谓语动词谓语动词用复数；反用复数；反之，用之，用单单数。数。在主在主谓谓倒装句中，倒装句中，谓语动词谓语动词的数的数应应与其后的主与其后的主语语一致。一致。用用and或或both.and连连接并列主接并列主语语，其内容是复数的，其内容是复数的，谓语动词谓语动词用复数。若用复数。若and连连接的两个接的两个单单数数主主语语指同一人、同一物或同一概指同一人、同一物或同一概念，念，谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数。数。All of my classmates work hard.All of the water is up now.Between the two windows hangs a picture.The teacher and writer has already come to the meeting.Both my brother and my sister are workers.主主语语后面接后面接连连接性短接性短语时语时，谓语动词谓语动词的数与主的数与主语语的数保持一致。此的数保持一致。此类连类连接接性短性短语语有有as well as，as much as，along with，with，like,rather than，together with，but，except,besides，including，in addition to等。等。以以or，either.or，neither.nor，not only.but also.等等连连接的名接的名词词或代或代词词作主作主语时语时，谓语动词谓语动词的数的数应应与就近的与就近的名名词词或代或代词词一致。一致。Your sister as well as your parents is very kind to me.She，like you and Betty，is very clever.Either you or one of your students is to attend the meeting that is due tomorrow.Are not only you but also he wrong？lots of，plenty of，a great/large number of等以及分数、百分数表示等以及分数、百分数表示“许许多多”，后接可数名，后接可数名词词复数复数时时，谓语动词谓语动词用复数。用复数。(large)quantities of修修饰饰可数名可数名词词或不可数名或不可数名词词作主作主语语时时，谓语动词谓语动词一般用复数；一般用复数；a(large)quantity of作主作主语时语时，谓语谓语动词动词的的单单复数形式取决于后面的名复数形式取决于后面的名词词。the number of复数名复数名词词，the amount of不可数名不可数名词词等构成的短等构成的短语语作主作主语时语时，谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数。数。There are large quantities of food in the shop.A number of students like English very much.The amount of money spent on the project is great.many a名名词单词单数，数，more than one名名词单词单数，数，“no/each/every/many a名名词单词单数数andno/each/every/many a名名词单词单数数”作主作主语语，谓语动词谓语动词用用单单数。数。当其他名当其他名词词性从句，不定式短性从句，不定式短语语或或动动名名词词短短语语作主作主语时语时，谓语动谓语动词词通常用通常用单单数形式。数形式。Every man and every woman has a good reason to be proud of the work done by their fathers.More than one question was raised.What he said leaves much for us to think about.1(2014高考湖南卷高考湖南卷)All we need _a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.Aare BwasCis DwereC 2(2013高高考考江江苏苏卷卷)Generally，students inner motivation with high expectations from others _ essential to their development.Ais BareCwas DwereA