高考英语新优化浙江大一轮课件：语法专题突破 专题5.pptx

专题五数词和主谓一致-2-考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 一 二一、数词数词分为两种:基数词(表示数目)和序数词(表示顺序)。1.dozen(一打,十二),score(二十)与具体数词或与many,several 等连用时,后不加-s,所修饰的名词前介词of 有无均可。但是习惯上score 多与of 连用,而dozen 很少与of 连用。如:two dozen eggs 两打鸡蛋,many dozen pencils 好多打铅笔;two score of eggs 40 个鸡蛋;three score of people 60 个人。dozen,score 的复数形式后接of 时,表示“许多”。如:dozens of eggs 几十个鸡蛋,scores of pencils 几十支铅笔。2.当所修饰的名词之前有限定词these,those,my,your 等或是修 饰人称代词宾格them,us,you 时,这时需要加of。如:two dozen of these pens,three score of them。-3-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四分子用基数词,分母用序数词,若分子大于1,则分母用复数。如:one-fourth(a quarter)1/4;two-fifths 2/5。(2016 全国乙)T wo-thirds believe more families will follow the example of Obamas family.三分之二的人认为会有更多的家庭模仿奥巴马家庭的做法。-4-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四表示某人的确切年龄,用“基数词+year(s)old”或者“at the age of+基数词”,也可直接用基数词;表示某人几十多岁时,用“in ones+基数词的复数(如twenties,thirties 等)”来表达。She is still in her twenties.她才二十几岁。-5-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四表示“几十年代”时,在年份后加-s 或-s。(2016 全国乙)In the 1960s we were all a little wild and couldnt get away from home far enough or fast enough to prove we could do it on our own.在20世纪60年代,我们都有点不安分,想尽快离家或离家远点来证明自己能够自立。-6-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七二、主谓一致谓语动词的数应和主语的人称和数保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。在判定一个句子主谓是否一致时,要遵循下列三个原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致。“语法一致”也就是从语法形式上取得一致,即主语为单数形式,谓语动词也采用单数形式;主语为复数形式,谓语动词亦为复数形式。“意义一致”就是从意义着眼来处理主谓语一致问题。主语形式为单数,但意义为复数,谓语动词依意义而定,也采用复数形式。“就近一致”是指谓语动词的人称和数往往和与其最近的主语保持一致。-7-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七1.主语为表示时间、距离、金钱、书名等整体概念的名 词做主语时。Ten miles is not a long way for me.十英里对我来说不是很长的距离。2.由and 连接的两个或两个以上的单数名词做主语,前面由不定代词every/each/no 修饰时。Each boy and(each)girl has an apple.每个男孩和每个女孩都有一个苹果。-8-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七3.and 连接的两个词是指同一个人、同一事物或同一概念,且两个名词共用一个冠词时。A teacher of English and class teacher is telling us something about volunteer workers now.一位英语老师兼班主任现在正告诉我们关于义工们的一些情况。4.“the number of+复数名词”做主语时。The number of professors present at the meeting is 1,800.出席会议的教授人数是1800人。5.动词-ing(短语)、不定式、从句做主语时。What the teacher of the science class does and says is of great importance to the students at college.理科老师做的事和说的话对学院里的学生很重要。-9-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七6.“more than one+单数名词”和“many a+单数名词”做主 语时。More than one student has gone to Beijing.不止一个学生去了北京。Hey!Here is a message on my cellphone,telling me that I have won first prize of a weekend for two in Paris.Delete it!Its a trick.Many a person has been cheated by such tricks.嘿,我手机上有一条短信,告诉我我已获得巴黎周末双人游的一等奖。删掉吧。那是个骗局。许多人被这样的短信骗过。7.“the+形容词”做主语,表示一类抽象的事物时,谓语动词 用单数形式。The new is sure to replace the old.新生事物一定会取代旧的事物。-10-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七1.有些集合名词如:clothes,cattle,folk,people,police 等做主 语,后面的谓语动词用复数形式。The police ar e searching for the murderer.警方正在搜寻凶手。2.“the+形容词/分词”做主语,表示某一类人时,谓语动词 用复数形式。The old ar e living a happy life now.老人们现在生活幸福。3.由and 或both.and.连接两个单数名词做主语时,谓语动词 用复数形式(不可数名词同样)。Both coffee and beer ar e on sale in the shop.这家商店里咖啡和啤酒都有售。-11-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七1.集合名词如:group,family,class,government,team,public,enemy,crowd,audience,club,party,crew 等做主语时,如果看成一个整体,谓语动词用单数形式;如果侧重其成员,谓语动词用复数形式。The family is not big.这个家庭不大。The family like watching football games.这一家人喜欢看足球比赛。-12-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七2.主语是单复数同形的名词如:deer,sheep,fish,series,means,works,aircraft 等时,视其表达的意义而判断谓语动词的单复数形式。Every means has been tried,but none proved successful.每个办法都尝试过了,但没有一个是成功的。Many means have not come into effect.许多方法都没生效。-13-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七3.代词none,neither,all 以及what 引导的从句等做主语,谓语动词 的单复数形式取决于所指代的内容。All we need is a small piece of land where we can plant various kinds of fruit trees throughout the growing seasons of the year.我们所需要的就是一小块土地,在这儿我们可以在一年的生长季节种植各种各样的果树。What they have ar e 200 computers.他们拥有的就是二百台电脑。-14-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七4.population 表示“人口”,即一个国家或地区的居民数目,它做主语时谓语动词要用单数形式。当它前面有分数或百分数时,population 是指一个国家或地区的全体居民,它做主语时,谓语动词一般用复数形式。The population of Canada is about 36 million.加拿大的人口数大约是3600万。Eighty percent of the population in that country ar e farmers.那个国家80%的人口是农民。-15-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七1.有时主语与谓语动词之间插入一个介词短语,该短语对谓语动词不产生影响。The danger of forest fires is not to be taken lightly.森林火灾的危险不能轻视。2.当主语后面跟有with,together with,along with,accompanied by,like,in addition to,as well as,as much as,more than,rather than,no less than,except,but,besides,including 等连接的单词(词组)时,其谓语动词的单复数形式要与它们前面的主语取得一致。Newspapers,as well as magazines,play an important role in daily communication.报纸,还有杂志,在我们的日常交流中起到了重要的作用。-16-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七1.由“some,plenty,a lot,lots,most,the rest,all,half,part 或分数、百分数+of+名词”等短语做主语时,谓语动词常与of 后的名词保持数的一致。如果of 后面所接名词为复数形式,谓语动词用复数形式;如果of 后面所接名词为单数或不可数名词,谓语动词就用单数形式。About one third of the books ar e well worth reading.大约三分之一的书非常值得阅读。(201610 浙江)Sixty-four percent of those survey participants who havent worked remotely would rather give up some bonus in order to get even one day a week working from home.在那些没有远程办公的参与调查者中有64%的人宁愿放弃奖金,就是为了得到一周一天在家办公的机会。-17-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七2.由“a kind of,this kind of,many kinds of”和“名词+of this kind”等相同用法的词还有type,sort,part,piece,section,pair 等。构成的短语做主语时,谓语动词与of 前的名词保持数的一致。This kind of animals is dangerous.Animals of this kind ar e dangerous.这种动物很危险。-18-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七3.“a large amount of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用 单数形式。“large amounts of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。“large quantities of+不可数名词/复数名词”做主语,谓语动词用复数形式。“a good/great deal of+不可数名词”做主语,谓语动词用单数形式。Vast amounts of money ar e being invested in the local market.大量资金投放到当地的市场上。One survey shows that large quantities of water are wasted every year in China,and that one third is available to be saved.调查表明在中国大量的水被浪费了,其中的三分之一是能节省下来的。-19-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七1.由or,either.or,neither.nor,not only.but also.等连接两个或两个以上的并列主语时,谓语动词和与它最近的主语在人称和数上保持一致。Not only his family but also he likes Chaplins movies.不但他的家人而且连他也喜欢卓别林的电影。Ar e either you or your brother going to the party?要么你或是你的兄弟要去参加这个聚会吗?2.there be 句型中be 的形式由它后面的第一个名词的数决定。There ar e some envelopes and paper for you.这里有一些信封和纸给你。-20-一 二 考点一 考点二 考点三 考点四 考点五 考点六 考点七1.在定语从句里,关系代词that,who,which 等做主语时,其谓语动词的数应与句中先行词的数一致。Those who have seen the film please put up your hands.看过这部电影的请举手。2.“one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句中谓语动词 要用复数形式。Tom is one of the boys who have gone abroad.汤姆是出过国的男孩之一。3.“the only one of+复数名词+定语从句”结构中,从句中的 谓语动词要用单数形式。He is the only one of the students who has passed the exam.他是唯一一个通过考试的学生。对应演练-21-.用括号内所给动词的适当形式填空1.(2017 全国)Fast food is(be)full of fat and salt.2.(2017 江苏)The publication of Gr eat Expectations,which was(be)both widely reviewed and highly praised,strengthened Dickens status as a leading novelist.3.(2016 江苏)Even chimp mothers regularly decline to share food with their children,who ar e(be)able from a young age to gather their own food.4.(2016 江苏)The total rise in agricultural incomes in rich countries is(be)greater than the fall in poor areas.对应演练-22-5.(2016 全国)Visiting an apple event is(be)agood chance to see,and often taste,a wide variety of apples.6.(2016 全国)One of the very best varieties for eating quality is(be)Orleans Reinette,but youll need a warm,sheltered place with perfect soil to grow it.7.(2016 全国)Leaving the less important things until tomorrow is(be)often acceptable.8.It is important to remember that success is(be)a sum of small efforts made each day and often takes(take)years to achieve.9.Mr.Black,as well as the professor who comes(come)from Beijing University,is(be)to attend our school meeting.对应演练-23-10.The truth is that the passers-by,rather than the driver,ar e to blame(blame)for the terrible accident.1 1.Moments of failure ar e(be)unavoidable,but most of us abandon the goal entirely when slight failures and setbacks start piling up.12.The New Y ork T imes is(be)widely accepted in America.13.This kind of operation is known(know)as a robotic operation.14.Almost all international conferences and competitions ar e conducted(conduct)in English.15.Acquiring the wisdom to make wise choices is(be)the lasting challenge of being human.16.Generally,students inner motivation with high expectations from others is(be)essential to their development.对应演练-24-17.Walmart,which is one of the largest American supermarket chains,keeps(keep)some of its store open 24 hours on Mondays through Saturdays.18.The famous musician,as well as his students,was invited(invite)to perform at the opening ceremony of the 2012 Taipei Flower Expo.19.The factory used 65 percent of the raw materials,the rest of which wer e(be)saved for other purposes.对应演练-25-.完成句子(每空一词)1.桌子上有两本书和一本词典。There ar e two books and a dictionary on the desk.2.做这项工作四十分钟足够了。Forty minutes is enough for the work.3.玛丽的眼镜破了。Marys glasses ar e broken.4.学生们和老师都被他的演讲打动了。The students as well as the teacher wer e/ar e moved by his speech.5.这家工厂大约有300个工人。The number of the workers of this factory is about 300.