高考英语语法备考《动词时态》ppt课件.ppt

动词时态一、一般现在时表示现在习惯或者经常反复发生的动作或存在的状态，常与always,often,usually,seldom,sometimes,frequently,every day/week/year,on Sunday(s),等时间状语连用。谓语直接用动词，但如果主语是第三人称单数 的时候要进行变化。变化规则如下：1.一般直接在后面加s2.以辅音字母加y结尾的改y 为i+es3.以o,s,sh,ch,结尾的加es肯定句：主语+动词(s)+(宾语)+We play football every afternoon.Jack watches TV on Saturday evening.否定句：主语+dont/doesnt+动词原形+(宾语)+Tom doesnt clean his room in the morning.They dont go to the library on Monday.一般疑问句：Do/Does+主语+动词原形+?肯定回答:Yes,主语+do/does.否定回答：No,主语+dont/doesnt._Does she live in Wuhan?_Yes,she does/No,she doesnt._Do you read English every morning?_Yes,I do/No,I donnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+do/does+主语+动词原形+?When does he go to school every day?How do they help their friends?频度副词always/often/usually 等,位置在行为动词之前、be动词和助动词之后。1.He often comes late.He is often late.2.We usually go back in the evening.We are usually back in the evening.3.Their homework is always done on Sunday.表示客观真理性的/谚语/格言/警句类都要用一般现在时。1.Knowledge is power.2.Practice makes perfect.3.He laughs best who laughs last.4.All is not gold that gliters.二、一般过去时 表示过去发生的动作或者存在的状态。常与表过去的时间状语连用：yesterday,two years ago,last week,in 1990,the other day,the day before yesterday谓语动词用动词的过去式表示。过去式的变化规则：1.直接+ed2.以e结尾的+d3.辅音字母+y结尾的改y为i+ed4.以重读闭音节结尾且末尾只有一个辅音字母的双写其辅音字母再+ed5.不规则变化肯定句：主语+过去式+（宾语）+They bought the house last year.She wrote a letter yesterday.否定句：主语+didnt+动词原形+Tom didnt watch TV yesterday evening.I didnt clean my bedroom this morning.一般疑问句：Did+主语+动词原形+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+did否定回答：No,主语+didnt_Did you make a paper flower a few days ago?_Yes,I did./_No,I didnt.特殊疑问句：疑问词+did+主语+动词原形+?What did you do yesterday?When did they visit that country?一定要注意没有明显过去时间的语境题：1.Please say it again.I didnt catch/understand you.2.You are here!I didnt know.3.Its you!I didnt recognize you.4._Where are you from?_Im from Cuiba._I thought you were from Baiyang.三、现在进行时：由is/am/are+doing构成1.表示目前（说话的瞬间）正在进行的动作。2.表示当前一段时间内的活动或者现阶段正在进行的动作（说话时动作不一定正在进行）doing的变化规则：1.直接+ing help_helping2.以e结尾的去掉e+ing leave_leaving3.以重读闭音节结尾末尾只有一个辅音字母的先双写其辅音字母再+ing put_putting stop_stopping肯定句：主语+is/am/are+doing+We are studying English now.Look!They are playing football.I am writing a book these days.否定句：主语+is/am/are+not+doing+I am not watching TV now.It isnt raining now.一般疑问句：Is/Am/Are+主语+doing+?肯定回答：Yes,主语+be否定回答：No,主语+be+not._Are you reading newspapers?_Yes,we are./No,we arent.特殊疑问句：疑问词+be+主语+doing+?What are you doing?Where is he going?How are you getting on(with your study)?always,constantly,continually等副词用于进行时态给句子带上感情色彩。比较下面句子不同的含义：1.He always comes late.He is always coming late.(表示不耐烦）2.They always work hard.They are always working hard.（表示赞赏）表性质、品质的形容词作表语，be动词用于进行时态，表示一时的表现。1.Tom is being a little polite.2.Why are you being foolish?3.You are being quick-minded.四、过去进行时：由was/were+doing构成(否定句在was/were后面加not,疑问句将was/were提前）1.表示过去某一特定时间正在进行的动作。(this time yesterday,at eight yesterday evening,)1)I was studying English this time yesterday.2)Were you watching TV at nine yesterday evening?3)They were not playing basketball that time last week.4)What were you doing at 3.pm yesterday?2.表示过去某一段时间正在进行的动作。1）What did you do yesterday?(你昨天做了些什么？）2)What were you doing yesterday?（你昨天在做什么？）3)I wrote a letter last week.（我上个星期写了一封信。）4)I was writing a letter last week.（我上个星期在写一封信）5)He _ a book last year.but I dont know whether he has finished it.A.wrote B.was writing C.writes D.will writeB3.表过去某一动作发生的时候另一动作正在进行。（过去某一动作用一般过去时，另一动作用过去进行时）(when)1)When the teacher came in,we were watching TV.2)What were you doing when your mother left yesterday?要注意语境题：1._Did you notice him come in just now?_Sorry,I didnt.I was looking out of the window.2._He gave you a book a few minutes ago._I didnt know.I was reading a magzine.3._They have left._Have they?Sorry,I was playing football.五、一般将来时表示将要发生的动作或者存在的状态，常与表将来的时间状语连用。tomorrow,soon,next year,the day after tomorrow,from now on 1.will+do(否定句在will后面加not,will not=wont,疑问句将will提前。)1）他下星期要买辆自行车。He will buy a bike next week.2)我们明天不扫教室。We wont clean our classroom tomorrow.3)_他们明年会修房子吗？-会的./不会._Will they build a house next year?_Yes,they will./No,they wont.4)你什么时候给他写信？When will you write to him?2.be going to do(beis/am/are)（准备、打算做某事）否定句在be后面加not,疑问句将be 提前。1）我打算明天写200个单词。I am going to write 200 words tomorrow.2)他们不打算下星期开会。They arent going to have a meeting next week.3)_你打算今天晚上看电视吗？-是/不。-Are you going to watch TV this evening?_Yes,I am./No,I am not.4)小芳打算什么时候结婚？When is Xiao Fang going to get married?will do 与be going to do 的区别：1)be going to do是事先考虑/打算做某事,而will do表示事先未考虑的意图。_Im sorry.I have forgotten to post your letter._It doesnt matter.I will post it myself.2)某种客观迹象预示即将会 用be going to Look at the cloud!It is going to rain heavily.3)按自然规律必然会用willWe will die when we are old./Man will die.4)be going to do用于条件句中表将来。If you are going to catch the early bus,youd better go now.was/were going to do:原本打算做某事而没有做且后来也不会做。1._Did you watch the TV play yesterday evening?_I was going to,but I had to finish my homework.2._Can you tell me why you carried so much money last week?_I was going to buy a TV set,but my cousin sent one to me.3._Why you took the second arrow?_I was going to use it on you.3.表示位置移动的动词经常用进行时态代替将来时。come,go leave,fly,take off,stay,move,arrive,start,meet,see off/send off1)我星期天将动身去武汉。I am leaving for Wuhan on Sunday.2)她下星期要搬到一所新学校去。She is moving to a new school next week.3)我要去机场接我朋友。I am meeting my friend at the airport.4)你要在那里呆多久？How long are you staying there?4.be to do 1)表示（按计划、安排）打算、将要做 A new hospital is to be built here.You are to visit the Great Wall first.2)相当于情态动词should,must,have to,can/may(可能）You are to finish your homework before you go home.This kind of flower is to be found in the rainforest.3)（用于条件句）想；想要做 If you are to find a good job,youd better try to do it well.4)was/were to have done=should have done You were to have studied hard last term,otherwise your English wouldnt be so bad now.5.be about to do表示即刻就做，正要做，不和表将来的时间状语连用。常用于下列句型：was/were about to dowhen was/were on the point of doingwhen be not about to do很不愿意，不打算，无意做I am not about to stop when I am so close to success.6.按照时间表、时刻表、计划表将要发生的动作常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。1）我去武汉的飞机下午三点起飞。My plane to Wuhan takes off at 3p.m.2)第四节课要11:15才上。The fourth class begins at 11:15.3)我们将在第二十周进行期末考试。We have the final-examination in the twentieth week.7.be due to do(按时间表、旅行安排）预定预期、预计做1)The visitors are due to arrive here this afternoon.2)Mr.Li is duo to give us a lecture tomorrow.3)The meeting is due to be held next week.4)We are due to leave tomorrow.5)His train is due at 7:00.1)The bank loan is due this month.(到期的）（银行贷款本月到期）2)由于、因为（常作表语）8.在时间状语和条件状语从句中只能用一般现在时代替一般将来时1)When you finish middle school,what are you going to do?2)As soon as I get to Wuhan,I will phone you.3)If you have time next week,please come to my house.4)He wont go to bed until his mother comes back.注意下列句子的不同含义：1)If you help me,I will be very glad.2)If you will help me,I will be very glad.六、现在完成时（have/has+过去分词构成）否定句在have/has后面+not,疑问句将have/has提前。1.表过去发生的某一个动作对现在造成的影响或者结果。(做了)常与just,already连用.1)他们已经回来了。They have(already)come back.2）飞机到了吗？Has the plane arrived(yet)?3)我们还没有扫教室。We havent cleaned our classroom.4)_我买了一本书。-你什么时候买的？_I have bought a book._When did you buy it?5)我父亲刚从武汉回来。My father has just come back from Wuhan.2.过去发生的某一个动作一直延续到现在而且还有可能继续进行下去。这时常和表一段的时间状语连用.(for/since引导的状语）1)我在这里住了三年了。I have lived here for three years.2)他在那家工厂上班十天了。He has worked in/at that factory for 10 days.3)自1990年以来我就在这所学校教书。I have taught in this school since 1990.4)自他从武汉回来以来就在这里上班。He has worked here since he came back from Wuhan.注意：在这种用法中主句中的谓语动词必须是延续性的动词。如果是短暂性的动词就必须换成延续性的。1)他的爷爷死了。His grandpa has died.2)他的爷爷去年死的。His grandpa died last year.3)他爷爷死了两年了。His grandpa has died for two years.His grandpa has been dead for two years.短暂性的动词换成延续性的：diebe dead go/leavebe away go outbe out fall illbe ill borrowkeep buyhave beginbe on catch firebe on fire join be in/be a.他入团/入党/参军三年了。He has joined the League/Party/army for 3 years1)He has been in the League/Party/army for 3 years.2)He has been a League member/a Party member/a soldier for 3 years.3)Its/It has been 3 years since he joined the League/Party/army.4)3 years have passed since he joined the League/Party/army.5)He joined the League/Party/army 3 years ago.3.have/has gone to have/has been to 1)你曾经去过武汉吗？Have you ever been to Wuhan?2)我从未去过北京。I have never been to Beijing.3)你到哪里去了的？Where have you been?4)胡主席去美国了。Chairman Hu has gone to America.4.现在完成进行时:have/has been doing 表示某一个动作一直延续到现在,并且说话时正在进行。1)_Look!It is snowing._Yes.It has been snowing for half an hour.2)I have studied English for six years.(此时没有学）I have been studying English for 3 hours,so I want to have a rest very much.(此时正在学）5.现在完成时的固定句型：1)Its the first/second/thirdtime that 从句中2)in/during/within the past/last+一段时间的状语连用时3)so far4)up to now/up till now5)表示反复或者习惯性的动作，常与several times,once/twice/three times等频度副词连用时 a.I have found him in the bar several times.b.He has been to Paris twice.c.We have seen the film three times.6)在最高级+名词后的定语从句中 This is the most interesting film that I have ever seen.7)用在时间、条件状语从句中，表示从句动作先于主句动作之前业已完成。a.I will give my opinion after I have read through the article.b.We will set off if the rain has stopped.c.I will tell her about it after you have left.d.Dont get off the bus until it stops.Dont get off the bus until it has stopped.七、过去完成时：had+过去分词 否定句在had后面加not,疑问句将had提前。过去完成时表“过去的过去”1.Before we arrived there,the train had left.2.When we arrived there,the train had left1.In October,I remembered 200 words.2.By/Before October,I had remembered 200 words.更多的例句：一般过去时和过去完成时对比1._Shall I fetch you a bottle of water?_This morning I had some fetched._I meant to help you.2._Yesterday I got to know your father brought you much money._So he did._I had meant to lend you some.3._Where are you from?_I am from Wuhan._I thought you were from Beijing.4.Just now you told me you were from Wuhan.I had thought you were from Beijing.5.At the end of last week,he remembered 200 words.By the end of last week,he had remembered 200 words.By the end of next week,he will have remembered 200 words.(将来完成时）will have done/will have been done(将业已经)1)We will have finished the Grammar by the end of next month.2)When you graduate from college,I will have found a good job。3)Before he was ten,=By the time he was ten,过去完成时的主要考点：1.hardly/scarcelywhen(一就)no soonerthan(一就)（前面的句子谓语用过去完成时，后面的句子谓语用一般过去时）（hardly/scarcely,no sooner的位置在助 动词had之后）1)I had hardly got home when I had dinner.2)They had no sooner gone out than it began to rain.3)The teacher had scarcely come in when he saw me.4)He had no sooner arrived in Wuhan than he phoned me.注意：在这种结构中如果将hardly/scarcely/no sooner提前，前面的句子要实行部分倒装，即将had也提前。2.hope,wish,want,mean,plan,intend等动词，用于过去完成时表示过去未曾实现的“愿望，打算，意图”1)had wanted to do(本要做某事）=wanted to have done 2)had hoped/wished to do(本希望做某事）=hoped/wished to have done 3)had meant to do(本想做某事）=meant to have done 4)had planned to do(本计划做某事）=planned to have done 5)had intended to do(本打算做某事）=intended to have done联想思维 suppose 的用法：希望你明天来这里。1.You are wished to come here tomorrow.2.Its hoped that you will come here tomorrow.3.You are supposed to come here tomorrow.本希望你昨天来这里的。You are supposed to have come here yesterday=You were supposed to come here yesterday.3.I thought/I had thought(我原以为.)的用法：1)_Where are you from?_I am from Wuhan._I thought you were from Beijing.2)Yesterday he told me that he was from Wuhan.I had thought he was from Beijing THANK YOU