高考英语一轮语法突破【专题7】《虚拟语气》ppt课件.ppt
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高考英语一轮语法突破【专题7】《虚拟语气》ppt课件.ppt
考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示谓谓语语动动词词的的考考查查是是语语法法填填空空题题中中必必考考点点之之一一,一一旦旦判判定定设设空空处处要要填填入入谓谓语语动动词词,就就应应考考虑虑到到该该谓谓语语动动词词的的时时态态,语语态态,语语气气,主主谓谓一一致致等等,这这就就涉涉及及到到虚虚拟拟语语气气,在在近近年年广广东东高高考考中中有有一一个个小小题题涉及虚拟语气:涉及虚拟语气:(2012广广东东)He walked in as if he _(buy)the school.在在主主格格人人称称代代词词he后后,显显然然是是作作谓谓语语;又又因因作作为为一一个个学学生生的的他他不不可可能能是是买买下下了了这这个个学学校校,故故应应当当用用虚虚拟拟语语气气,与与过过去去事事实实相相反反,故故填填had bought。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示虚虚拟拟语语气气有有时时在在高高考考写写作作中中也也会会用用到到。如如2009年年高高考考读读写写任任务务要要点点(2)“假假如如你你处处在在那那些些动动物物的的处处境境,你你会会有有什什么么反反应应”,写写这这个个要点时就需要用到虚拟语气。可以这样开头:要点时就需要用到虚拟语气。可以这样开头:If I were an animal in the wildlife park,I would feel annoyed when people keep photographing with me.如如果果我我是是野野生生动动物物园园的的动动物物,当当人人们们不不停停地地同同我我拍拍照照时时,我我会会感感到恼怒。到恼怒。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用一、虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的运用从句从句主句主句典句例示典句例示与与现现在事在事实实相相反的假反的假设设If主主语语动词动词的的过过去式去式(be动词动词用用were)主主语语should/would/could/might动词动词原形原形If I were you,I would seize the chance to go abroad.如果我是你,我就抓住如果我是你,我就抓住这这次次出国的机会。出国的机会。与与过过去事去事实实相相反的假反的假设设If主主语语had过过去分去分词词主主语语should/would/could/mighthave过过去去分分词词If you had taken my advice,you would not have failed in the exams.如果你早听了我的建如果你早听了我的建议议,你,你考考试试就能通就能通过过了。了。与将来事与将来事实实相相反的假反的假设设1.If主主语语动词动词的的过过去式去式2If主主语语were to动词动词原形原形3If主主语语should动词动词原形原形主主语语should/would/could/might动词动词原形原形If he should not come tomorrow,we should put off the meeting till next Monday.如果明天他不来,我如果明天他不来,我们们就把就把会会议议推推迟迟到下周一了。到下周一了。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用二、虚拟语气在名词性从句中的运用1用于宾语从句中用于宾语从句中(1)wish后后面面的的宾宾语语从从句句一一般般用用虚虚拟拟语语气气,表表示示一一种种不不可可能能实实现的愿望。现的愿望。I wish(that)I were a bird and could fly freely in the sky.我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。我希望我是只小鸟能在天空自由飞翔。I wish(that)I had met that film star yesterday.我希望昨天见到那个影星了。我希望昨天见到那个影星了。How I wish it werent raining now!我多希望现在没下雨啊!我多希望现在没下雨啊!考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示(2)用于用于if only句子句子How I wish(that)从句。如:从句。如:If only I were a flying bird!How I wish I were a flying bird!我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊!我要是一只飞鸟该多好啊!If only I had seen the film!How I wish I had seen the film!我要是看了那部电影该多好啊!我要是看了那部电影该多好啊!(3)用用于于表表示示建建议议、愿愿望望、命命令令等等动动词词后后的的宾宾语语从从句句中中,常常见见的的动动词有:词有:demand,order,require,insist,suggest,recommend,urge,propose,advise等等。宾宾语语从从句句中中的的虚虚拟拟语语气气结构为结构为“should动词原形动词原形”,should可以省略。如:可以省略。如:He suggested that we(should)start off early the next day.他建议我们第二天早点出发。他建议我们第二天早点出发。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示They insisted that the boy(should)go with them.他们坚决主张那个男孩子跟他们一起去。他们坚决主张那个男孩子跟他们一起去。注注意意:当当suggest表表示示“暗暗示示,表表明明”之之意意,insist表表示示“坚坚持持说说”之之意意时时,suggest/insist后后的的宾宾语语从从句句不不使使用用虚虚拟拟语语气气,应应使使用用陈述语气。如:陈述语气。如:The smile on his face suggested that he was satisfied with our work.他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。他脸上的微笑表明他对我们的工作很满意。The man insisted that he had never stolen the money.那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。那个人坚持说他没有偷钱。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示2用于主语从句中用于主语从句中It is desired/suggested/proposed/recommended/necessary/important/strange/natural/essentialthat从从句句,从从句句中中的的谓谓语语动词用动词用“should动词原形动词原形”,should可以省略。如:可以省略。如:It is suggested that the meeting(should)be put off till next week.人们建议会议推迟到下周。人们建议会议推迟到下周。It is strange that he(should)have acted toward his parents like that.(act在在 主主 句句 谓谓 语语 动动 词词 be之之 前前 发发 生生,所所 以以 要要 用用“(should)have acted”)真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。真奇怪他竟然那样对他父母。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示3用于表语从句和同位语从句中用于表语从句和同位语从句中在在 suggestion,proposal,order,plan,idea,request,advice等等名名词词后后的的表表语语从从句句和和同同位位语语从从句句中中要要用用虚虚拟拟语语气气,其其构成是构成是“should动词原形动词原形”,should可以省略。如:可以省略。如:My idea is that we(should)think it over before accepting it.我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。我的意见是在接受之前我们要反复考虑。We all agree to his suggestion that we(should)go to Dalian for sightseeing.我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。我们都同意他让我们去大连旅游的建议。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示三、虚拟语气在三、虚拟语气在as if/as though引导的从句中的运用引导的从句中的运用如如果果as if引引导导的的从从句句谓谓语语动动词词与与主主句句谓谓语语动动词词所所表表达达的的动动作作同同时时发发生生,as if引引导导的的从从句句谓谓语语动动词词用用一一般般过过去去时时;如如果果as if引引导导的的从从句句谓谓语语动动词词所所表表达达的的动动作作先先于于主主句句谓谓语语动动词词所所表表达达的的动动作作,as if引引导导的的从从句句谓谓语语动动词词用用过过去去完完成成时时;如如果果as if引引导导的的从从句句谓谓语语动动词词所所表表达达的的动动作作后后于于主主句句谓谓语语动动词词所所表表达达的的动动作,作,as if引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如:引导的从句谓语动词用过去将来时。如:He looks as if he were an artist.(同时同时)他看起来像个艺术家。他看起来像个艺术家。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示She speaks English so fluently as if she had studied English in America.(先于先于)她讲英语如此流利,好像她在美国学过英语。她讲英语如此流利,好像她在美国学过英语。He learns English so hard as if he would go to the USA.(后后于于)他如此努力地学英语,好像他要去美国。他如此努力地学英语,好像他要去美国。四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用四、虚拟语气在定语从句中的运用It is(high)time(that).句句型型中中,定定语语从从句句的的谓谓语语动动词词用用一一般般过过去去时时,或或用用should动动词词原原形形(其其中中should不不能能省省略略)。此此句句型型意为意为“(现在现在)该该了了”,用来表示提议。如:,用来表示提议。如:考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示It is(high)time that you went to school.你该去上学了。你该去上学了。It is(high)time that we should start out.我们该出发了。我们该出发了。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点:使用虚拟条件句时要注意以下几点:1当当条条件件状状语语从从句句表表示示的的行行为为和和主主句句表表示示的的行行为为所所发发生生的的时时间间不不一一致致时时,被被称称为为“错错综综时时间间条条件件句句”,动动词词的的形形式式要要根根据据它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如:它所表示的时间做出相应的调整。如:If you had followed my advice just now,you would be better now.如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。如果你刚才听了我的建议,你现在就好多了。If you had studied hard before,you would be a college student now.如果你以前好好学习的话,你现在就是一名大学生了。如果你以前好好学习的话,你现在就是一名大学生了。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示2if省略句省略句在在条条件件状状语语从从句句中中可可省省略略if,把把were,had,should提提到到句句首首,变为倒装句式。如:变为倒装句式。如:If I were at school again,I would study harder.Were I at school again,I would study harder.如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力地学习。如果我还有上学的机会,我会更加努力地学习。If you had come earlier,you would have caught the bus.Had you come earlier,you would have caught the bus.如如果果你来得早些,你就能赶上公共汽车。你来得早些,你就能赶上公共汽车。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示If it should rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.Should it rain tomorrow,we would not go climbing.如如果果明明天天下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。下雨的话,我们就不去登山了。注注意意:当当省省略略的的条条件件状状语语从从句句中中的的谓谓语语动动词词是是否否定定形形式式时时,不不能能用用动动词词的的缩缩略略形形式式。如如:我我们们可可以以说说:Were it not for the expense,I would go abroad now.但但不不能能说说:Werent it for the expense,I would go abroad now.考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示3含蓄条件句含蓄条件句有有时时为为了了表表达达的的需需要要,在在虚虚拟拟语语气气中中并并不不总总是是出出现现if引引导导的的条条件状语从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如:件状语从句,而是通过其他手段来代替条件句。如:What would you do with one million dollars(if you had one million dollars)?如果你有如果你有100万美元,你会做什么?万美元,你会做什么?Without your help,we couldnt have finished the work ahead of time.But for your help,.If it had not been for your help,.Had it not been for your help,.没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。没有你的帮助,我们不可能提前完成这项工作。考点透析考点透析知识清单知识清单考点警示考点警示I was ill that day.Otherwise,I would have taken part in the sports meeting.(副词副词)我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。我那天病了。否则,我就参加运动会了。He telephoned to inform me of your birthday,or I would have known nothing about it.(连词连词)他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。他打电话通知了我你的生日,否则,我对此一点都不知道。