高三英语解题策略（12）《阅读理解-细节理解题》ppt课件.ppt

走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版(课标卷地区课标卷地区)高考总复习高考总复习 基础知识聚焦基础知识聚焦 第一部分第一部分解题策略解题策略(十二十二)阅读理解之细节理解题阅读理解之细节理解题第一部分第一部分v高考中细节理解题通常占阅读理解题总数的一半以上。2014年新课标全国卷考区及其他各考区的高考试题中考查细节理解的题目占阅读理解题目总数的55%左右。细节理解题主要考查考生对文章细节的理解，一般对文中已提到的事物、现象或理论进行发问，通过语句的同义或反义转换来考查考生对语篇的理解能力。细节理解题的设题形式灵活多样，有可能是直接细节题，如事件的起因、过程、结果及发生的时间、地点，也有很多间接细节题，要求考生在理解文章内容的基础上，将内容系统化、条理化。命题人一般都通过对文章细节的改动考查考生准确、深入理解细节的能力。v(一)“断章取义”寻依据v考生要从文段中获得回答细节题的具体信息，可不必详尽阅读整篇文章，只需找出可能包含所需信息的段落，迅速划定关键词语，然后加以重点理解即可，也就是所谓的“寻读法”。考生在运用此法时，应根据文段的结构和写作顺序，有针对性地寻读，迅速锁定相关内容。v典例1(2014天津A卷)v.vTransportationvThe TWU Express is a shuttle(班车)service.The shuttle transports students between campus and the shopping centre,leaving from the Mattson Centre.Operation hours are between 9 am and 3 pm,Saturdays only.Round trip fare is$1.v40What is the function of TWU Express?vATo carry students to the lecture halls.vBTo provide students with campus tours.vCTo take students to the Mattson Centre.vDTo transport students to and from the stores.v答案：D扫视一下全文结构可以看出此题答案应在Transportation部分。由此部分内容可知，TWU Express是班车，该班车运行在学校校园和购物中心之间。故选D项。v(二)同义互释定选项v细节题答案选项的表述通常不是用文章的原话，而是使用与文中同义或近义的词语来表达。考生一定要回到文中找出与答题内容相关的词语和句子，在理解原文的基础上从备选项中找出与原文意思相同或相近的词、词组或短语。v典例2(2014新课标全国卷D篇)v.vIn an effort to prevent language loss,scholars from a number of organizationsUNESCO and National Geographic among them have for many years been documenting dying languages and the cultures they reflect.v.v32Many scholars are making efforts to _.vApromote global languagesvBrescue disappearing languagesvCsearch for language communitiesvDset up language research organizationsv答案：B从“In an effort to prevent language loss”可知，很多学者成立了一些机构，致力于记录即将消失的语言和它们所体现的文化。prevent language loss与rescue disappearing languages意义相近，所以选B项。v(三)“本末倒置”读广告v广告、字典、公告、演出信息、航班时间表以及借书卡片等一般为功能阅读，需快速寻找信息。做这类题时没有必要阅读全文，宜采用“倒序法”来处理。即先看问题，后看文章内容。这样在阅读中可以有重点地、有针对性地去读，冗余无效的信息可以略读甚至不读。v典例3(2014北京A篇)v.vGetting to Sea Life Melbourne AquariumvTrainvSea Life Melbourne Aquarious is a short walk from either Flinders or Southern Cross train stations.vTram(有轨电车)vThe Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route(公交线路)and also routes 70 and 75.City Circle trams run every 10 minutes in both directions.vShuttle BusvThe Melbourne city Tourist shuttle is a free bus service,stopping at key tourist attractions in and around the City.Running daily,every 15 minutes from 10：00 am to 4：00 pm.v.v57Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium,visitors can take _.vAtrains from Southern Cross train stationvBshuttle buses around the train stationvCboats across the Yarra RivervDeither tram route 70 or 75v答案：D做此题时应把注意范围集中在Getting to Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium 部分。根据Tram(有轨电车)下面的“The Sea Life Melbourne Aquarium tram stop is located on the free City Circle Tram route(公交线路)and also routes 70 and 75”可知，通过70或75号公交线路可到达该水族馆，故选D项。v(四)“去伪存真”辨是非v首先浏览题目所提供的四个选项。若各选项针对同一内容，则要注意找出各个选项之间的差异，再带着问题去原文中核实文章的实际内容；若各个选项陈述的内容不一致，“各自为政”，则要根据题干或选项中提供的线索回读原文，逐个找到相关句，最后确定答案。注意表达上“绝对化”的选项通常不是正确答案。v典例4(2014福建A篇)vIt was Mothers Day morning last year and I was doing shopping at our local supermarket with my fiveyearold son,Tenyson.As we were leaving,we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete.Her husband was with her,but there was blood everywhere and the woman was embarrassed and clearly in shock.vWalking towards the scene,Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.He said to me,“Mum,its not much fun falling over in front of everyone.”vAt the front of the supermarket,a charity(慈善)group had set up a stand selling cooked sausages and flowers to raise funds.Tenyson suggested that we should buy the lady a flower.“It will make her feel better，”he said.I was amazed that hed come up with this sweet idea.So we went over to the flower seller and asked her if we could buy a flower for the lady to cheer her up.”Just take it，“she replied.I cant take your money for such a wonderful gesture.”vBy now paramedics(急救人员)had arrived,and were attending to the injured woman.As we walked up to her,my son became intimidated by all the blood and medical equipment.He said he was just too scared to go up to her.vInstead I gave the flower to the womans husband and told him,“My son was very upset for your wife and wanted to give her this flower to make her feel better.”vAt that,the old man started crying and said,“Thank you so much，you have a wonderful son.Happy Mothers Day to you.”vThe man then bent down and gave his wife the flower,telling her who it was from.Though badly hurt and shaken,the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile.v57Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage?vAThe elderly woman was knocked down by Tenyson.vBTenysons idea of buying a flower gained his mothers support.vCTenysons care for the elderly woman puzzled the flower seller.vDThe elderly woman was moved to tears by Tenysons gesture.v答案：B根据第一段的“As we were leaving,we found that only minutes earlier an elderly woman had fallen over at the entrance and had hit her head on the concrete“可排除A项；根据第三段中的“I was amazed that hed come up with this sweet idea”可知，Tenyson提出的买花的主意赢得了作者的支持；根据第三段的“Just take it，she replied.I cant take your money for such a wonderful gesture”可排除C项；根据倒数第二段的“the old man started crying”以及最后一段的“the old lady looked up at Tenyson with love in her eyes and gave him a little smile”可排除D项。