高三语法总复习课件：名词（陈秀清编写）（114页）.ppt

1.名词的单、复数名词的单、复数;2.可数与不可数名词的转换；可数与不可数名词的转换；3.名词作定语；名词作定语；4.名词的搭配名词的搭配;5.名词辨析；名词辨析；高考考点分析：高考考点分析：Brief Revision of NounBrief Revision of Noun1 1可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词2 2名词所有格名词所有格 3 3名词在句子中的作用名词在句子中的作用4 4高考焦点高考焦点名词名词:表示人或者事物名称的词表示人或者事物名称的词3.名词的分类名词的分类 名名词词普普通通名名词词可数可数名词名词个体名词个体名词 computer电脑电脑,president总统总统 集体名词集体名词 audience观众观众,police警警察察不可不可数数物质名词物质名词 chalk 粉笔粉笔,money 钱钱抽象名词抽象名词 anger愤怒愤怒,fun乐趣乐趣专专有有名名词词Tom汤姆汤姆,China中国中国,The European Union欧盟欧盟 How many _ does a cow have?Four.They will store food until their _ need it.Astomaches,bodies Bstomachs,bodys Cstomachs,bodies Dstomaches,bodys问题问题 1：How many _ does a cow have?Four.They will store food until their _ need it.Astomaches,bodies Bstomachs,bodys Cstomachs,bodies Dstomaches,bodys问题问题 1：常考的不可数名词：常考的不可数名词：fun advice weather progress information bread butter baggage/luggage equipment furniture homework luck music practice wealth health word wood glass English America work jewellery 1.1.可数名词的复数可数名词的复数2.2.单复数同形的名词单复数同形的名词3.3.常以复数出现的名词常以复数出现的名词4.4.常被当作可数名词的不可数名词常被当作可数名词的不可数名词5.5.修饰可数名词的词修饰可数名词的词 6.6.修饰不可数名词的词修饰不可数名词的词 7.7.能修饰可数和不可数名词的词能修饰可数和不可数名词的词 8.8.可数名词和不可数名词之间的转换可数名词和不可数名词之间的转换 一一.可数名词和不可数名词可数名词和不可数名词1.1.可数名词的复数可数名词的复数给出下列名词的复数形式给出下列名词的复数形式 policeman child ox mouse tooth goose foot potato hero leaf shelf roof life baby monkey branch thief mosquitopolicemen childrenoxenmiceteeth geesefeetpotatoes heroesleavesshelvesroofslivesbabiesmonkeysbranchesthievesmosquitoes dingoes watch lady fox fly brush tomato inch half kilo piano calf passer-by go-between grown-up girl friend sister-in-law man servant looker-on touch-me-not forget-me-notwatchesladiesfoxesfliesbrushestomatoesincheshalveskilospianoscalvespassers-bygo-betweensgrown-upsgirl friendssisters-in-lawmen servantslookers-on合成词单数变复数的规则：合成词单数变复数的规则：1.man-doctormen-doctors woman-teacherwomen-teachers 2.go-betweens touch-me-nots forget-me-nots grown-ups fathers-in-law brides-to-be passers-by lookers-on look-outs editors-in-chief film-goers wrong-doers fault-finders 一、完成句子根据汉语提示一、完成句子根据汉语提示,完成下列句子。完成下列句子。1.Two _(月月)ago，three _(英雄英雄)caught four _(小偷小偷).They made them plant some _(土豆土豆)and _(竹竹子子)in two _(动物园动物园).They also made their _(妻子们妻子们)return the four big _(箱子箱子)with some precious _(照照片片)and _(刷子刷子)in them.灵活运用灵活运用brushesmonthsheroesthieves potatoesbambooszooswivesboxes photos2.Two _(主编主编)，three _(男教师男教师)and five _(女医生女医生),together with their _(孩子孩子们们)，went to the market.They decided to buy two _(绵羊绵羊),three _(鹿鹿)，four _(公牛公牛)，five _(鹅鹅)and six white _(老鼠老鼠)with three _(脚脚)and six _(牙齿牙齿).teetheditors-in-chiefmen teacherswomen doctors children sheepdeer oxengeesemice feetThe _ of the building are coveredwith lots of _.Aroofs;leaves Brooves;leafsCroof;leaf Droofs;leafs问题问题 2：half halves knife knivesleaf leaves wolf wolveswife wives以以 f 或或 fe 结尾的名词变复数时：结尾的名词变复数时：a.加加 s，如：，如：serf serfs belief beliefsroof roofs chief chiefssafe safes gulf gulfsb.去去 f,fe 加加 ves，如，如:2.2.单复数同形的名词单复数同形的名词 当当 sheep;deer;fish 表示数量时，表示数量时，单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则单复数同形；如果表示不同种类，则需加需加-s 或或-es。复数同形的名词有：复数同形的名词有：deer，sheep，fish，head(几头)Chinese，Japanese，Swissworks，means，series，speciesfruit jin li yuan people cattlecrossroads offspring spacecraft meansWhen the farmer returned home hefound three _ missing while thetwo _ were still there.Asheeps,fish Bsheep,fishesCsheep,fish Dsheeps,fishesWhen the farmer returned home hefound three _ missing while thetwo _ were still there.Asheeps,fish Bsheep,fishesCsheep,fish Dsheeps,fishes问题问题 3：3.3.常以复数出现的名词常以复数出现的名词 clothes trousers socks shorts gloves pants shoesscissors scales thanks congratulationssurroundings belongings glasses4.常被吴当作可数名词的不可数名词常被吴当作可数名词的不可数名词progress advice funInformation (message)furniture workbaggage luggage news jewelry weather paper Equipment (facility)trouble knowledge homework5.单复数表示不同的含义单复数表示不同的含义fish-fishes fruit-fruitsfood-foods work-workswater-waters custom-customscontent-contents good-goodsiron-irons green-greensdamage-damages（赔偿金（赔偿金）air-airs（架子架子）put on/throw offpain-pains brain-brains(头脑头脑 智能智能arm-arms look-looks Some _ visited our school lastWednesday and some _ will comenext week.AGermans,FrenchmansBGermen,FrenchmenCGermans,FrenchmenDGermen,Frenchmans问题问题 4：Some _ visited our school lastWednesday and some _ will comenext week.AGermans,FrenchmansBGermen,FrenchmenCGermans,FrenchmenDGermen,Frenchmans问题问题 4：We have finally received the _ youdelivered,so Id like to express our_ to you.A.goods,thanks B.goods,thankC.good,thanks D.good,thank问题问题 7：下列名词总是用复数形式下列名词总是用复数形式 shake hands with sb.take measures/steps as follows（如下如下）give regards to take turns to do sth by turns hurt ones feelings(伤人感情伤人感情）take notes.take pains(下功夫下功夫）have words with in high/low spirits make preparations for握手握手采取措施采取措施如下如下问候问候轮流轮流伤人感情伤人感情做笔记做笔记下工夫下工夫吵架吵架情绪高、差情绪高、差准备准备see sightsgo to the picturesworking conditionstravel expensescome to terms with be on good/bad terms with lazybonesbelongings surroundings congratulations ashes savingsoutskirts(市郊市郊）earnings(薪水薪水）观光观光去看电影去看电影工作条件工作条件路费路费接受，达成协议接受，达成协议关系好、坏关系好、坏懒汉懒汉所属物品所属物品环境环境祝贺祝贺两部分构成的东西只能用复数形两部分构成的东西只能用复数形式式:trousers pants shorts jeans tights scissors boots compasses scales glasses gloves socks slippers earphones 主谓一致主谓一致 My trousers are new.This pair of trousers is new.These pairs of trousers are new.有的不可数名词和抽象名词前面加上不定冠词表示有的不可数名词和抽象名词前面加上不定冠词表示“一阵一阵,一份，一件，一种，一场一份，一件，一种，一场”等：等：a heavy raina famous tea a fine paper a brandy a great angera beauty a success/failure a surprise a pleasure He gained his _ by printing _of famous writers.A.wealth;work B.wealths;worksC.wealths;work D.wealth;works问题问题Many people agree that _ of Englishis a must in international trade today.A.a knowledge B.knowledgesC.knowledge D.the knowledge 问题问题 2：总是在一起使用的两个名词第二个总是在一起使用的两个名词第二个名词前的冠词一定要省去名词前的冠词一定要省去：a knife and fork(一副刀叉一副刀叉）a watch and chain(一块带链的表一块带链的表 a horse and cart(一辆马车一辆马车）put the cart before the horse(本本末倒置末倒置/黑白颠倒黑白颠倒）bread and butter(奶油面包奶油面包/生计生计）有一些名词可数与不可数意思不一样：有一些名词可数与不可数意思不一样：单词单词 不可数不可数 可数可数 character 性格性格 人物人物/角色角色 exercise 锻炼锻炼 练习练习 word 消息消息 字字/话话 will 意志意志 遗嘱遗嘱 relation 关系关系 亲戚亲戚 youth 青春青春 青年人青年人 wonder 惊奇惊奇 奇观奇观/奇迹奇迹 necessity 必要性必要性 必需品必需品 time 时间时间 时代时代/次数次数/倍数倍数 experience 经验经验 经历经历 cloth 布布 （特殊用途的）布（特殊用途的）布 paper 纸纸 论文论文/报纸报纸/试卷试卷 名词的阴性和阳性：名词的阴性和阳性：1）schoolgirl schoolboy girlfriend boyfriend salesgirl salesboy girlstudent boystudent 2)man-doctor woman-doctor 3)he-cat she-cat 4)male-elephant female-elephant 5)host-hostess waiter-waitress master-mistress headmaster-headmistress actor-actress6)bride-bridegroom widow-widower bull-cow hero-heroin ballerina-ballerino prince-princess nephew-niece四、名词的格：四、名词的格：1.有生命的有生命的+s2.无生命的采用无生命的采用of短语短语3.表时间、地点、国家、天体的直接表时间、地点、国家、天体的直接+s4.each others father-in-laws5.Jack and Toms room-Jacks and Toms rooms6.在表示店铺或者人家的名词后在表示店铺或者人家的名词后+s 1)at the doctors at the butchers at the tailors at the barbers2)at the Greens to my uncles7.双重所有格双重所有格 the latest works of my fathers that dog of my friends a few books of mine8.其它所属关系其它所属关系 1）介词介词to表示所有关系表示所有关系 the key to the door the secretary to the mayor the visitors to the Great Wall a journey to the moon 2)介词介词for表所有关系表所有关系 a chair for visitors medicine for cough a gift for my mother films for adults 3)介词介词with 表所有关系（具有某种特征）表所有关系（具有某种特征）a girl with a round face a room with furniture a child with big ears/a cup with a handle a man with glasses a book with a white cover 五五、no 短语短语1.no way 2.no trouble3.no problem 4.no wonder5.no doubt 6.no matter7.no entry 8.no photos9.no smoking 10.no parking11.no littering/no litter12.no talking 13.no fishing 14.no hurry 六、六、be of+n.句型句型1.表特性表特性 adj.=of+n.useful=be of use important_importance beneficial_benefit interesting_interest 2.表同一性表同一性 be of the same age/class/height be of different color1)very+adj.=be of great+n.2)be not+adj.=be of no+n.5.修饰可数名词的词修饰可数名词的词 few,a few,many,a great/good many,a large number of,a lot of,lots of,plenty of quantities of 6.修饰不可数名词的词修饰不可数名词的词 little,a little,much,a great deal of,a large amount of,a quantity of,quantities of lots of a lot of plenty of7.能修饰可数和不可数名词的词能修饰可数和不可数名词的词 lots of =a lot of plenty of quantities of =a quantity of8.可数名词和不可数名词之间的转换可数名词和不可数名词之间的转换 _ is the best teacher.It is a week before he could tell his _.(experience)1._ is an instrument of communication.He can speak several _.(language)2.How did _ begin?They gave their _ for their country.(life)3.How is _?He has a _ in London.(business)Experience experiencesLanguage languageslifelivesbusinessbusiness5.Where there is life,there is _.Parents have high _for their children.(hope)6.Several other women expressed _.Im sorry you could not come to an _.(agreement)7.There is not much _on the bone.Many cold _ are too expensive for us to buy.(meat)8.I dont care for _.We asked for two _.(coffee)hopehopesagreementagreementmeatmeatscoffeecoffees翻译下列词或词组翻译下列词或词组1.a paper 2.an iron 1.a wood 1.a beauty 2.a youth 3.an authority 4.room for improvement1.报纸报纸2.熨斗熨斗3.一片树林一片树林4.美人美人5.青年人青年人6.权威人士权威人士7.改进余地改进余地8.be in flower 9.go to church 10.be in hospital 11.a wonderful tea12.Two ice-creams,please.13.financial difficulties8.正在开花正在开花9.去做礼拜去做礼拜10.在住院在住院11.一种极好的茶一种极好的茶12.请来两份冰激凌请来两份冰激凌13.经济困难经济困难英汉互译英汉互译1.my sisters car 2.the editor-in-chiefs office 3.the girls sisters husbands father 4.workers rest home 5.childrens books 6.Professor Lis report 7.a birds-eye view1.我姐姐的车我姐姐的车2.总编辑室总编辑室3.这姑娘姐夫的父亲这姑娘姐夫的父亲4.工人疗养院工人疗养院5.儿童读物儿童读物6.李教授的报告李教授的报告7.鸟瞰图鸟瞰图8.todays paper 9.ten minutes drive 10.governments policy 11.majoritys view12.citys busiest street 13.the hotels strange room 14.Saint Pauls 8.今天的报纸今天的报纸9.十分钟的车程十分钟的车程10.政府的政策政府的政策11.大多数的意见大多数的意见12.城市最热闹的街城市最热闹的街道道13.旅馆奇怪的房间旅馆奇怪的房间14.圣保罗大教堂圣保罗大教堂15.my aunts 16.a stationers 17.Toms and Marys desks 18.Tom and Marys desk 19.a car of Dr.Lis20.男女服装男女服装 21.狗的牙齿狗的牙齿 15.我婶婶的家我婶婶的家16.文具店文具店17.Tom 和和Mary 的桌子的桌子18.Tom 和和Mary 的桌子的桌子19.李博士的车李博士的车20.mens and womens clothes21.the dogs teeth22.女自行车女自行车 23.儿童节儿童节 24.药房药房 25.博士学位博士学位 26.一个星期的假一个星期的假 27.十块钱的邮票十块钱的邮票28.肉铺肉铺 29.面包房面包房 30.理发店理发店 22.a womans bike23.Childrens Day24.the chemists25.Doctors degree26.a weeks holiday27.ten-dollars worth of stamps28.the butchers29.the bakers 30.the barbers31.李磊家李磊家 32.她头发的颜色她头发的颜色 33.一张我妈妈的相一张我妈妈的相片片34.我的一个朋友我的一个朋友 35.I did it for friendships sake 36.She was at her wits end.31.Li Leis32.the colour of her hair33.a picture of my mothers34.a friend of mine35.我是出于友谊而我是出于友谊而做这件事的做这件事的.36.她已经江朗才尽她已经江朗才尽.1.1.名词在句子中的作用名词在句子中的作用2.2.名词作定语和形容词作定语名词作定语和形容词作定语不同不同3.3.名词作主语和谓语一致问题名词作主语和谓语一致问题 大声朗读大声朗读,指出下列句中划线的名词指出下列句中划线的名词或名词短语在句中所作句子成分或名词短语在句中所作句子成分,并并思考名词的用法与前后语境。思考名词的用法与前后语境。1.John is a driver.约翰是司机。约翰是司机。2.Dont stand on ceremony.别客气。别客气。介词宾语介词宾语 主语；表语主语；表语3.He doesnt look his age.他看上去与他看上去与年龄不符。年龄不符。4.London lies on the Thames River.伦伦敦位于泰晤士河畔。敦位于泰晤士河畔。5.Your brother told me the news.你弟你弟弟告诉我这个消息的。弟告诉我这个消息的。直接宾语直接宾语 表语表语主语；介词的宾语主语；介词的宾语6.Li Qiangs bowl is in the kitchen.李李强的碗在厨房。强的碗在厨房。7.English is spoken all over the world.全世界说英语。全世界说英语。主语；介词的宾语主语；介词的宾语 主语；介词的宾语主语；介词的宾语8.He feels it his duty to help others.他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。9.You students should think of your future.你们学生应该为自己的前途你们学生应该为自己的前途着想。着想。主语的同位语主语的同位语宾补宾补1.主要用法。名词或名词短语在句中可主要用法。名词或名词短语在句中可以做主语、以做主语、_、动词的、动词的 _、介词、介词的宾语、的宾语、_、同位语等。、同位语等。2.语境分析。名词通常位于冠词语境分析。名词通常位于冠词(如如a driver)、_(如如his age)、_(如如Li Qiangs bowl)及及some,any,many,a lot of 等限定词的等限定词的后面。后面。名词所有格名词所有格 表语表语宾语宾语宾语补足语宾语补足语代词代词1.名词在句子中的作用名词在句子中的作用指出下列句子中名词的作用指出下列句子中名词的作用1.The train is approaching.2.She became my closest friend.3.He speaks good English.4.I did it for the country.主语主语表语表语宾语宾语介词宾语介词宾语6.She made a paper flower.7.Here is my sisters address.8.They have great concern for us students.9.Take a seat,Miss Lake.10.The meeting lasted an hour.11.We made him our monitor.定语定语定语定语同位语同位语呼语呼语状语状语宾语补足宾语补足语语The _ is just around the cornerand you wont miss it.A.bicycles shop B.bicycle shopC.bicycles shop D.bicycles shop问题问题 1：比较下列名词和形容词作定语的不同比较下列名词和形容词作定语的不同gold coins golden sunshine heart trouble hearty welcome silver dollar silvery hairsnow mountain snowy table-cloth press conference family planning It took us quite a long time to gethere.It was _ journey.A.three-hour B.a three hourC.a three-hour D.three-hours 问题问题：It took us quite a long time to gethere.It was _ journey.A.three-hour B.a three hourC.a three-hour D.three-hours 问题问题 2：“数词数词名词名词”构成的合成词作定语时，构成的合成词作定语时，这个名词一般保留单数形式。这个名词一般保留单数形式。如：如：a ten-mile walk；a five-year plan 但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数但是如果不用连字符，就需用复数的所有格。的所有格。The village is far away from here indeed.Its _ walk.A.a four hour B.four hoursC.a four-hours D.four hoursThere are only twelve _ in thehospital.Awoman doctorsBwomen doctorsCwomen doctorDwoman doctor问题问题 3：名词作主语和谓语一致问题名词作主语和谓语一致问题 1)集合名词集合名词:family team class group audience committee government 2)many a student 和和 more than a student 单数谓语单数谓语3)every/each/no boy and every/each/no girl wants to go there.4)economics,physics news,politics,mathematics,statistics 跟跟单数单数Weve missed the last bus.Im afraidwe have no _ but to take a taxi.A.way B.choiceC.possibility D.selection问题问题：Weve missed the last bus.Im afraidwe have no _ but to take a taxi.A.way B.choiceC.possibility D.selection问题问题：Weve missed the last bus.Im afraidwe have no _ but to take a taxi.A.way B.choiceC.possibility D.selection问题问题：have no choice but to do 是一个常见是一个常见的搭配，各地高考中考查这类搭配的题的搭配，各地高考中考查这类搭配的题有很多。类似的题还有以下这些。有很多。类似的题还有以下这些。1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as many as you like because they are free of _.A.fare B.chargeC.money D.pay1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as many as you like because they are free of _.A.fare B.chargeC.money D.pay1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as many as you like because they are free of _.A.fare B.chargeC.money D.pay1.I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good _ of direction.Aidea Bfeeling Cexperience Dsense2.Heres my card.Lets keep in _.A.touch B.relation C.connection D.friendship3.You can take as many as you like because they are free of _.A.fare B.chargeC.money D.pay4.The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.A.idea B.sense C.thought D.thinking5.I keep medicine on the top shelf,out of the childrens _.A.reach B.hand C.hold D.place4.The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.A.idea B.sense C.thought D.thinking5.I keep medicine on the top shelf,out of the childrens _.A.reach B.hand C.hold D.place4.The manager has got a good business _ so the company is doing well.A.idea B.sense C.thought D.thinking5.I keep medicine on the top shelf,out of the childrens _.A.reach B.hand C.hold D.placeBill was doing a lot of physicalexercise to build u