高三英语解题策略（14）《阅读理解-推理判断题》ppt课件.ppt

走向高考走向高考 英语英语路漫漫其修远兮路漫漫其修远兮 吾将上下而求索吾将上下而求索人教版人教版(课标卷地区课标卷地区)高考总复习高考总复习 基础知识聚焦基础知识聚焦 第一部分第一部分解题策略解题策略(十四十四)阅读理解之推理判断题阅读理解之推理判断题第一部分第一部分v推理判断题是阅读理解中层次较高、难度较大的题目。在一篇阅读理解中一般有13道该类题目，2014年各考区考查推理判断的题目约占阅读理解题目总数的20%。该类题要求考生在理解表面文字的基础上根据文章提供的事实和线索通过语篇逻辑关系，研究细节的暗示，推敲作者的态度，理解文章的寓意等，从而得出文章中隐含的深层意思，也就是通过文章中的文字信息、上下文逻辑关系等已知信息，推断出作者没有提到的或者没有明说的事实或情感，或者可能发生的事。做推理判断题要以文中的信息为依据，既不能作出在原文中找不到依据的推理，也不能过度推理。同时，考生应多了解国外文化与习俗，这有助于理解文章。v(一)领悟隐含意义的判断题v“既理解字面意思，也理解深层含义”是高考对考生阅读理解能力测试的一项重要内容。v由于某种原因，有的文章作者没有明显地表达自己的观点，而将其隐含在字里行间，流露于修辞手法之中。读懂这种“言外之意，弦外之音”，要求考生具有“锣鼓听音”的敏锐感觉，合理推断的思维品质。这是阅读理解中较难的题型，对考生的能力要求较高，需要认真训练。v典例1(2014新课标全国B篇)v.vBut what began as nothing important in public affairs has grown into a social movement.Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement.“The understanding has increased many,many times，”says Gaylord Nelson,the former governor from Wisconsin,who thought up the first Earth Day.vAccording to US government reports,emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9.Although serious problems still remain and need to be dealt with,the world is a safer and healthier place.A kind of“green thinking”has become part of practices.v.v27What have Americans achieved in environmental protection?vAThey have cut car emissions to the lowest.vBThey have settled their environmental problems.vCThey have lowered their CO levels in forty cities.vDThey have reduced pollution through effective measures.v答案：D根据第二段中的“Business people,political leaders,university professors,and especially millions of grassroots Americans are taking part in the movement”和第三段中的“According to US government reports,emissions(排放)from cars and trucks have dropped from 10.3 million tons a year to 5.5 million tons.The number of cities producing CO beyond the standard has been reduced from 40 to 9”可推断出，美国政府多管齐下，污染问题大为缓解。v(二)考查逻辑思维的推理题v这类题旨在测试考生在理解基础上的逻辑推理能力，要求考生根据文章所述事件的逻辑关系，对未说明的趋势或结局作出合理的推断，或根据作者所阐述的观点或理论，对文章未涉及的现象或事例给以解释。v考生首先要仔细阅读短文，充分了解信息，才能准确把握作者的观点。v在作出推理判断时，考生一定要依据短文内容或作者观点，切忌主观臆断，切忌以自己的观点取代作者的原意。v典例2(2014山东A卷)v.vPeter drove to Anns house to pick up his dog,and saw Thomas and Jack crying in the window.After a few moments Peter said,“Maybe Odie was supposed to find you,maybe you should keep it.”v45What can we infer about the dog from the last paragraph?vAIt would be given to Odie.vBIt would be kept by Anns family.vCIt would be returned to Peter.vDIt would be taken away by Tracy.v答案：B根据最后一段中的“Maybe Odie was supposed to find you,maybe you should keep it”可推断出，Ann一家可能会养这只狗。v误区警示具有下列特点的推理判断题的选项是不能入选的，考生一定要特别注意：v原文明确提到的信息，非推断信息v语言表述正确，却偏离题干v推理不够准确，过于绝对v内容部分正确，部分错误