突破09 非谓语动词-2023年中考英语复习语法知识专项突破.docx
中考英语复习语法知识专项突破(通用版)09非谓语动词【知识突破】i.动词的非谓语形式包括动词不定式、动名词和分词三种形式;其中分词又包含现在分 词和过去分词两种形式。它们在句子中不能单独作谓语。2.动词不定式形式:动词不定式基本形式由“不定式记号,。+动词原形”构成。它的否定形式只 要在前面加上anot它的疑问形式是:“卬加疑问词+S+动词原形”。*它 的被动形式:力e+过去分词”。*它的完成形式:“1。队”6+过去分词动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征,即可以在句子中作主语、宾语、定语、 状语、表语和宾语补足语。但不定式也保留动词的某些特征,即不定式后面可以跟 宾语、表语和状语。动词不定式加上相关成分就构成不定式短语。动词不定式可以放在谓语前句子作主语。但是通常将作主语的动词不定式或不定式 短语放在谓语后面,而在主语位置用作形式主语(有时在不定式的前面还会用 for s力.表示不定式的逻辑主语)。如:To help aMmals is helping people.(帮助动物就 是帮助人)/ is very difficult (for ”s) to leani Chinese(对于我们而言)学好汉语是非常的困难)/L,ooA me half an hour to work out this problemA解;11 这道题花了 我 一个小时的时间)动词不定式可以作谓语动词(及物动词)的宾语。A及物动词+不定式一般形式:谓语动词(W.)+不定式 (作宾 语)说明想)/ g(试图)/ decide(决定)/ would 派e(想要)/ hope(希望)/ /oye(喜爱)/ 痴r(学会)/ q的rd(提供)/ agree(同意)/ 小(失败、未能)/ mea(意味着)/prefer(宁 愿)(希望)+ to (do)(无)help(帮助)加可以省略beg加(开始)/ starts开始)Wc(憎恨)也可跟动名词,意义变化不大60. The boy didn't know with the math problem, so he asked his teacher for help.A. how to doB. what to doC. where to do D. which to do61. Why do many fanners put their products online these days?一more people buy them.A. LetB. LettingC. To let62. Some people enjoy in the city, but don't.A. to live; the other B. living; the others C. living; others D. to live; other63. The famous Notre Dame Cathedral caught a big fire on April 15,2019.一What a pity! I wonder how much difficulty French people may have it.A. repairB. to repairC. repairingD.repaired64. 一Your dream is (o be a singer, right?Yes, and I will spend as much time as I can singing.A. practisingB. practiseC. to practiseD. to practising65. Li Hua used toin the morning. But now he is used to in the evening.A. read; readB. reading; readC. read; readingD. reading; reading66. There arc many things in our city.A. doingB. doneC. to doD. do67. It usually takes us twenty minutes our classroom every day.A. cleanB. to cleanC. cleaningD. cleans68. A lot of doctors and soldiers offered to the front line to help the people in need.A. to goingB. goingC. wentD. to go69. As a professional basketball player, LeBron Janies did what he could do to help his team win the finals.划线部分作.A.状语B.定语C.宾语70. In the past (he poor didn't have warm houses.A. to live in itB. to live inC. living inD. to live in them71. When the little baby saw her mother, she couldn't help.A. coming; laughing B. come; to laugh C. comes; laughs D. came; laughing72. In order to protect wildlife, wc should first let more people understand the importance of it.The underlined part is used to.A. express a result B. express a purpose C. give a reason D. give an example 73. Don't, we are halhvay to.A. worry about the problems, solving themB. worry the problems about, solving themC. worry about Ihe problems, solve themD. worry the problems about, solve them74. The government advises people to follow the seven-step hand-washing method healthy.A. keepB. to keepC. keeping75. There used to a lot of kids in the garden, but now it becomes very quiet.A. be; playingB. have; playingC. be; playD. be; were playing76. Although Tony tried to the teacher.he didn't hear anything.A. to listen: butB. to listen; /C. listen; but77. Can you help me the room?A. cleanB. to cleaningC. cleaningD. with cleaning78. It's really interesting game shows.A. watchesB. to watchC. watch79. We should never give up to achieve our dreams.A. tryB. to tryC. tryingD. tried80. Many doctors from Jiangsu went to Xi,an help fbr the local hospitals several daysago.A. provideB. providingC. to provideD. provides81. When I came into the room, I saw him _TV.A. watchingB. watchC. to watchD. watched82. There are noways she can come upherself out.A. with to helpB. to helpC. with helpingD. to helping83. The physics problem is too difficult. Can you (ell us?A. how to doB. to how do itC. how to do itD. to how do84. If you want to get good scores on your exams, you should avoid careless mistakes.A. makeB. makingC. to makeD. made85. Their parents don't allow them in the river because it's really dangerous.A. swimB. swimmingC. to swimD. swam86. He doesn't know the broken computer.A. how to do withB. how can they deal withC. how to deal withD. how they can do with87. 一 Would you mind not noise? Alice is sleeping.Sorry, I didn't know. I she was awake.A. make; thinkB. making; thoughtC. making; think88. You must get your bedroom every day.A. to cleanB. cleanedC. to be cleaned D. cleaning88.1 think the best way is taking part in(参力口)ouldoor activities.A. to relaxB. relaxingC. relaxed90. The young man by the police is her husband.A. caughtB. was caughtC. catching91. Don't worry. We will do anything we can you.A. helpB. to helpC. be helpedD. relaxesD. was catchingD. helped92. Come and see! The baby is crying.Please do something (o make himA. stop cryingB. stop to cryC. cryingD. cry93. Sometimes you have to stop A. thinkB. to thinktoo much and just go where your heart takes you.94. 一Hello, Lucy, please give me someYou'd better keepmore English books.A. advices; readC. thinking on how to improve my English!B. advice; readC. advice; reading95. What's wrong with Jane?D. advices; readingHer friends went to a party without her, so she feelsA. leave outB. left outC. leave forD. left for96. My dog likesA. to bark; bark atbut it neverme.C. barking; barks a(97. He appearedA. accept98. Mr. White finishedB. barking; barkD. barking at; barks my advice.B. acceptedC. acceptingD. (o acceptinvitation cards for the celebrationparty five minutes ago.A. writeB. wrote99. It is better to ask someone for advice thanA. risk doingB. risk to doC. writing something.C. to risk doingD. io writeD. to risk to do100. Tim couldn't speak French at all. When he was in Paris, he couldn't make himselfA. understandB. understandingC. understood参考答案1. B【解析】句意:你喜欢看电视吗? 不,我不喜欢。考查非谓语动词。固定短语like doing sth”喜欢做某事"。故选Bo2. B【解析】句意:一玛丽,你能为我们唱首歌吗?一对不起,我不能。我不擅长唱歌。考查非谓语动词。be good al doing sth.为固定搭配,意为“擅长做某事”,符合句意,故选B。3. B【解析】句意:你饭后需要刷牙。考查可数名词复数及介词用法。brush one's teeth“刷牙”;介词after后接动名词ealing作宾语。故选Bo4. A【解析】句意: 艺术节要来了。这是一个展示自己的好机会。你很会唱歌。你将 成为最受欢迎的明星。考查非谓语动词。be good at doing sth.“擅长做某事”,动名词作宾语。故选A。5. D【解析】句意:你大学毕业后要去做什么? 我想成为一名画家。但我妈妈建议我去 当一名美术老师。考查非谓语动词。根据“advises me . an art teacher”可知考查advise sb. (o do slh.”建议某人做 某事”,其中t。do为不定式,作宾语补足语。故选D。6. C【解析】句意:中场休息时间对于球员来说就是可以休息的十分钟时间。第-空,”十分钟时间”的意思,有两种表达方式:a tcn-minutc period; a ten minutes' periodo 第二空,是动词不定式作后置定语修饰period,应填loresi,故选C。7. C【解析】句意:怀特先生在办公室里忙得不可开交,以至于没能和儿子一起去看电影。 考查非谓语动伺。固定短语be busy doing slh.“忙于做某事"。故选C。8. B【解析】试题分析:句意:他匆忙回家去拿他的书包。hurry tod。sth匆忙去干某事。根据 语意和语境故选B。考点:考查动词不定式。9. A【解析】句意:摇头在中国表示“NO”,但是在印度表示“YES”。听起来很有趣。 考查动名词和固定搭配。A.摇晃:B.移动;C.撞击;D.清洗。根据shake head意为摇头;此 处使用动名词作主语。根据句意可知,此空是摇头的意思,此空故填Shaking,故选A。10. A【解析】句意:艾米每天步行回家大约要花20分钟。考查非谓语动词。固定句型II lakes sb.+时间+1。do slh.表示“某人花多少时间做某事",排除B、C项;根据“home”是地点副词可知,前面不用介词2。故选A11. D【解析】句意:我希望毕业后能在家乡工作。考查非谓语动词。固定短语hope to do sth”希望做某事",故选D。12. C【解析】句意:一该到上课时间了。好的,咱们走吧。考查it固定句型及动词不定式。lo动词不定式符号;for为了。It's time for sth/doing slh”该 到做某事的时间了“,固定句型;let sb do sth“让某人做某事”,省略呆的不定式作宾语补足 语。故选c。13. B【解析】句意:你的工作完成了吗?我想和你一起去购物。我快写完了,但我得把 这封邮件发给马克。请再给我五分钟。考杳非谓语动词和代词。finish doing sth,使用动名词作宾语,排除AD; anohcr+基数词+ 名词复数=基数词+more+名词复数。故选14. B【解析】句意:有时老师轻轻地敲黑板以引起我们的注意。考杳名词辨析。action 行为;attention 注意;information 信息;suggestion 建议。根据"Someiimes the teacher knocks on the blackboard lightly”可知老师敲黑板的目的是为了抓住我们的注意 力。故选Bo15. B【解析】句意:你愿意和我一起去购物吗?是的,我很乐意。考查固定句型。Would you like to do sth.“你愿意做某事吗”,该句型是固定句型,其中,不定 式作宾语。故选B。16. B【解析】句意:读这本书花费了他3个小时。考查非谓语动词。read读,阅读,是一个动词。根据句子结构可知,这句话中使用的句型是 It takes sb. +一段时间+t。do sth.“花费某人一段时间做某事”,因此这里应用动词不定式。故 选17. D【解析】句意:我父母喜欢草莓,我表妹喜欢吃西红柿。考查主谓一致和非谓语动词。like是动词,意为“喜欢”,My parents是主语,表示复数,句 子使用一般现在时,谓语动词用原形,故排除B和C; my cousin是主语,表示单数第三人 称,谓语动词用单数第三人称形式,like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”。故选D。18. C【解析】句意:学生们决定参加课外阅读节FI的志愿者选拔。考查不定式。根据“decided”可知,decide to do sth.“决定做某事”,因此这里填不定式;try out for“参加选拔故选C.19. B【解析】句意:这个计划很值得考虑。考查动词短语后加动名词的用法。be worth doing slh.表示“什么值得去做"。be worth considering"值得考虑"。故选B。20. B【解析】句意:让我们周日见。好的!考查非谓语动词。根据Let's do sth."让我们做某事”可知,此空应填省略to的不定式作宾语 补足语。故选Bo21. C【解析】句意:虽然农活很辛苦,但我们打算在下午6点前完成。考查非谓语动词。aim to do sth.“打算做某事”,故选C。22. A【解析】句意:我们大多数人都喜欢听母亲说话,因为我们的大脑更喜欢自己母亲的声音。 考查非谓语动词。listen听,是不及物动词,常与介词I。连用构成短语listen to.听”。 enjoy doing sth.喜欢做某事,是固定搭配。此处用动名词作宾语。故选A。23. B【解析】句意:一个人在海里游泳是危险的。考查非谓语动词。固定句式:It's+形容词+todosth表示“做某事是的”,动词不定式作真 正的主语,it作形式主语,故选B。24. A【解析】句意:不要忘记读今天的报纸,你上新闻了。考查不定式用法。此处根据题意可知是不要忘记去做某事,表示“忘记要去做某事”应用句式 forget to do sth,故选 A。25. C【解析】句意:工程师们将继续与公司经理讨论这个项目。考查非谓语动词。discuss原形;discussed一般过去式、过去分词;discussing动名词、现在 分词;to discuss不定式;keep doing sth继续做某事,可知此处填动名词;故选C。26. D【解析】句意:Lucy,你正在做什么? 我正在看我父亲与祖父下棋。考查非谓语动词。根据'Tm watching my father . chess with my grandpa”可知,看见父亲与祖 父正在下棋,强调正在进行的动作,用watch sb. doing sth表示“看某人正在做某事”,故选D。 27. B【解析】句意:马里奥,你的手机响了。等一下。在穿过马路时接电话是危险的。 考查非谓语动词。句子是固定句型“心+2e.+而5b1。110皿.”意为“做某事对某人来说 是”;可知此处填不定式;故选B。28. B【解析】句意:放学后他们想去打篮球。考查非谓语动词。表达“想做某事”用短语“would like to do”,空处用动词不定式“toplay"。故 选Bo29. A【解析】句意:他们去那里做什么? 为了帮助那里的老人打扫房间。考查非谓语动词。根据“What did they go there for?”可知,此处是问去那里的“目的”,需用动 词不定式作目的状语。故选A。30. A【解析】句意:我们的老师经常建议我们养成读书时记笔记的习惯。考杳非谓语动词。固定短语advise sb. to do sth.“建议某事做某事”,故选A。31.B【解析】句意:在周一,我们的英语老师总是让我们作报告。哦,报告是关于什么 的?考查非谓语动词及动词短语。lei sb. do sth.“让某人做某事",give a reporl"作报告”;根据“lets us”可知其后应用动词原形,表示“让我们做某事"。故选B。32. B【解析】句意:如果发生了地震,我们都需要知道做什么。考查疑问代词。how怎么样:what什么;which哪一个:whether是否。句子用“疑问 词+动词不定式”的结构作宾语。表达在地震时应“做什么”,用“what”。故选B.33. C【解析】句意:我家离学校很远。我想租一间房子。考查动词辨析以及非谓语动词。count数数;ren【租。want to do slh”想要做某事”,动词不定 式作宾语,排除 A 和 D 选项。根据“My house is far from my school. I want . a room”可知, 家离学校很远,所以想租一间房子,故选C。34. B【解析】句意:马阳说他在英国与人们交流有困难。have difficulty doing sth.“做某事有困 难”,communicate with sb.”与某人交流故选 B。35. C【解析】句意:对我们来说,使用太阳能驾驶轿车更好。考查动词不定式。根据“use solar power”可知使用太阳能是为了驾驶!车,用动词不定式“to drive”作目的状语。故选C。36. C【解析】句意:我们老师告诉我们不要浪费食物。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配:电1 sb. (not) tod。sth.表示“告诉某人(不)做某事”,根据常识, 老师教导学生不要浪费食物,故选C。37. C【解析】句意:你想参加象棋俱乐部吗?考查动词不定式。join多指参加组织、团体、党派等,后面也可以跟人,表示和某人一起 (参加活动);take pari in多指参加一般的活动、运动、聚会、会议等等。一般可以和join in 互换。根据wanl I。do slh表示“想要做什么",结合“wantthe chess club”可知止匕处缺 动词不定式,所以排除A、B;结合“the chess club”可知此处用“join”。故选C。38. C【解析】句意:他邀请我们八月份和他的家人去野餐“短语invite sb. to do sth."邀请某人去 做某事“,短语have a picnic“去野餐",故选Co39. B【解析】句意:丽萨计划下周画一幅新的画。考查动词不定式。draw动词原形;to draw动词不定式;drawing动名词。表示“计划做某事” 用plan to do表示,此处用to draw。故选B“40. C【解析】句意:吉姆让莉莉不要忘记按时完成她的任务。考查动词不定式的否定。根据空后的“forget to complete her task on time”可知,此处应指不要 忘记按时完成她的任务,所以空处应表示否定。再根据空前的“ask”可知,ask sb. not to do sth. 让某人不要做某事,固定搭配。故选C。41. A【解析】句意:请给我们点喝的好吗?考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知,give为该句的谓语动词,空格处应为非谓语动词,修 饰前面的something,作后置定语,应用动词不定式形式。故选A。42. B【解析】句意:我建议她每天早上不要花那么多时间选择穿什么。考查非谓语动词。advise sb. to do slh.建议某人做某事,否定是advise sb. not lo do slh.建议某 人不要做某事,因此空处是not to spendo故选B。43. B【解析】句意:上网放松是好的,但不要花太多时间在网上。考查非谓语。it is adj. to do sth.“做某事是什么样子的“。此处it是形式主语,真正的主语为 不定式。故选B。44. C【解析】句意:加入读书俱乐部怎么样呢?考查非谓语动词。what about doing sth“做某事怎么样”,固定用法,所以用动名词作宾语。 故选C。45. C【解析】句意:我有些事告诉她。你能让她给我回电话吗?没问题。考查不定式用法。第一个空用不定式作后置定语;第二个空,ask sb to do sth表示“让某人做 某事“,不定式作宾补。故选C。46. D【解析】句意:别忘了明天把你的书带来。考查动词辨析。carry提、抬;get得到;take拿走,指“离说话地点越来越远”;bring拿来, 指“离说话地点越来越近“;forget to do sth“忘记要去做某事”,动作还没有做;forget doing something“忘记做过某事”,说话的时候动作已完成;根据“tomorrow”可知此处指“动作还未 完成”,排除A和B;根据“here”可知此处指“靠近说话人方向”,排除C.故选D。47. C【解析】句意:你介意挪一下你的自行车吗?当然不介意。我马上把它放在树下。 考查非谓语动词和情景交际。move"移动",mind doing slh”介意做某事";Sorry对不起;Yes 是的;Of course not 当然不;根据"I'll put it under the tree right away."可知,我不介意搬一下 我的自行车,故选C。48. A【解析】句意:你问过警察怎么到最近的银行了吗? 是的,他让我们向左转到主街。 银行在右边。考查疑问词+不定式。宾语从句用陈述语序,排除B;根据答语“Yes, he told us to tuni left on to Main Street. It's on the right.”可知,是在问路,故选 A。49. A【解析】句意:我刚才看见尼克在音乐室跳舞。考查非谓语动词。根据“I saw Nick . in the music room just now.”可知,此处强调看到某人正 在做某事,用see sb. doing sth.结构,故选A。50. D【解析】句意:为了救这个小女孩,这个年轻人没有脱掉外套就跳进河里。考查短语辨析及动名词作宾语。“without”是介词,后接动名词作宾语,故排除B和C项。 put on穿上:take off脱下。根据"jumped into the river without.”可知是没有脱外套。故选D。 51. A【解析】句意:他需要多练习说,以提高汉语水平。考查非谓语动词。practice练习:speak说。need to do sth"需要做某事”,排除C和D, practice doing sth”练习做某事”,排除B,故选A。52. A【解析】句意:汤米经常讲有趣的故事使我们大笑不止。考查动词辨析以及非谓语动词。tell讲述;say说。tell stories“讲故事”,固定搭配。make sb. do sth.“使某人做某事”,省略to的动词不定式作宾补,故选A。53. B【解析】句意:世界卫生组织给出一些关于如何保护我们免受H7N9的感染的建议。考查非谓语动词。“from”是介词,其后用动名词作宾语,protect sb. from doing sth.“阻止某人 做某事”。故选B。54. C【解析】句意:期中考试很快要到了,因此这些天我忙着准备考试。考查非谓语动词及动词短语。be busy doing sth表示“忙于做某事”,动名词作宾语,排除B 和D: prepare for sth表示“为做准备”。故选Co55. C【解析】句意:老师告诉我们不要向父母要钱。考查非谓语。tell sb. (noi) io do sth.“告诉某人(不要)做某事”,不定式作宾补,故选C。56. C【解析】句意:社区工作人员有足够的耐心向老人讲解健康码的使用方法。考查非谓语动词。固定搭配:be+形容词+enough to d。slh”足够做某事”,动词不定式作 结果状语,故选C。57. A【解析】句意:我们向父母大声喊叫,让他们知道有危险。考查句子结构。“向父母大声喊叫”的目的是让他们知道有危险,划线部分作目的状语,故选Ao58. D【解析】句意:十年前,我奶奶住在农村,现在她已经习惯了现代城市的生活。考查非谓语动词。used to do“过去常常做某事";be used to do“被用来做某事“;be used to doing”习惯于做某事根据"Ten years ago, my Grandma lived in the countryside, but now she.in modern cities.”可知,此处表示的是“习惯了现代城市的生活故选D。59. B【解析】句意:这条河闻起来太臭了。必须阻止人们往河里扔脏东西。考查被动语态和动词短语。主语people与动词stop“停止”之间是被动关系,故应用含有情态 动词的被动语态must be done,排除C; stop sb. from doing sth.意为“阻止某人做某事”,排除 AD。故选B。60. A【解析】句意:这个男孩不知道该如何处理这道数学题,所以他向老师求助。考查疑问词辨析。how to do如何做;what to do做什么;where to do何地做;which to do做 哪个。根据“The boy didn,t know.with the math problem”可知,此处是指如何处理数学题, 用 how to do。故选 Ao61. C【解析】句意:一最近农家为什么会把产品放到网上?一为了让更多人购买。考查动词不定式。Let让,动词原形;Letting现在分词或动名词;To let动词不定式。根据 问句“Why do many farmers put their products online these days?”可知,此处表示目的,所以应 用动词不定式表目的,故选C。62. C/brge« 忘记)/ rememberC 记得)/婕(总爱)也可跟动名词,意义变化较 大如:I would like to have a rest at the(我现在想休息一下)/ They beganjo searchhe room for the(他们开始在屋子里搜寻小偷)/ He liked to have a sMmin the pool near his力ose.(他喜爱在靠家的水塘里面游泳)/ W7zedid you learn to speak English ?(你什么时候开始学英语的? )/ Don7 forget to close the door when yo“ /eave.(你离开时别忘了关门比较He forgot t。off the(他忘 了关灯.)(没关)/ He forgot tun而吆 off Me 他忘记关过灯.)(关了) / Please remember to ring me记得给我打电 话.)(还没打电话)/1 remember callingyesterday but you /brgof.(我记得昨天给你打电话了,但是你忘记了.)(打过电话)BJ及物动词+疑问词+不定式:谓语动词(以)+wh-疑问词+不定式(作宾语)说明tell (告诉)/ show (显示)/ know (知道)/ ask (问)/ find out (发现)/ understand (明白)/ woder(疑惑)/ leant(学会)/ /brgef(忘记)/汕er(记得)/ teach助.(教某人)/ discuss(商讨)what 、 where+ how who which+ to (do)不定式疑问 形式还可以 作句子的主 语、表语等。如:He does not know which one to faAe.(他不知道该选明I;个)/ Tell me how to get to the station告诉我怎么样去火车站)/ She asked me what to do for todayfshomework.(她问我今天家庭作家做什么)/ Can you teach me how to search the 边丝也?(你能教我怎样上网吗?)C不定式作宾语而后面乂有宾语补足语时,通常用il代替作形式宾语,而不定式则 后置。如:I