2023年中考英语语法之常考引导词的用法归纳讲义.docx
2023年初中英语语法之常考引导词的用法归纳讲义whichever引导的名词性从句一、whichever可用于引导名词性从句,相当于anythat,其 意为“无论哪个”“随便哪个”.例如:1. You can pick whichever one you like.你喜欢哪个就挑哪个。2. Whichever of them gains the most points wins.他们中哪一个得分最多,哪一个就赢。3. Whichever of us gets home first starts cooking.我们当中不管谁先到家,就开始做饭。二、Whichever的意思是“无论哪个”,可以单独使用或后面跟 一个名词,构成主语或宾语,因为它本身是形容词的词性。强调在明 确的对象中不知要选哪个。例句:1. I will support whicever you like to do0我会支持你所喜欢做的一切事情。(无论你喜欢做什么,我都会 支持你)2. You must make a decision on whichever way you chooseo无论你选什么路,你都必须做出决定。3. These watches are so beautiful. I am very happy whicheverI can get.这些手表很漂亮,无论得到哪个我都乐意。三、Whichever还可以引导让步状语从句,用于引导让步状语从 句时,相当于no matter which,其意为“无论哪个”“不管哪个”。 例如:1. Whichever you choose, the others will be offended.无论你选哪个,都会冒犯其余的人。2. Whichever you buy, there is a six-month guarantee.不管买哪个都有6个月的保用期。3. You get the same result, whichever way you do it.不管你用哪种方法做,结果都一样。whether和if引导的名词性从句区别一、在英语句子中,whether和if本身有意义(都表示"是否“), 在从句中不可省略。它们的区别最主要的就是:whether可以引导所 有的名词性从句,而if只能引导宾语从句。例如:1. I didn't know whether he would attend the concert.我并不知道他是否会参加音乐会。(宾语从句可用if代替 whether)2. The question is whether it's worth trying.问题是值不值得一试。(表语从句,不能用if代替whether)3. Whether she comes or not makes no difference.她来不来都没有关系。(主语从句,不可用if代替whether)4. He must answer the question whether he agrees to it or not.他必须回答他是否同意。(同位语从句,不可用if代替whether)whether引导的宾语从句可作介词的宾语,而if则不能。5. It all depends on whether they will support us.这完全取决于他们是否支持我们。(不能用if)二、if引导状语从句,也可引导宾语从句。如果用if会引起歧 义,应避免使用if,而用whetheroPlease let me know if you want to join us.请告诉我你是否想加入我们。(这样就看成是宾语从句,if表示 “是否”)若翻译成:如果你想加入我们的话,请告诉我一声。(if 引导的从句可看成是条件状语从句,if表示“如果”)所以,为了 避免引起歧义,此时最好用whether表示“是否”。三、whether引导主语从句时,既可以直接位于句首,也可以位 于句末;if引导主语从句时只能用于it作形式主语的从句中。例如:1. Whether we need it is a different matter.2. It is a different matter whether(if)we need it.四、在宾语从句中,当表示“是否"时,whether与if可以互 换,但如果从句中有or not时只能用whether引导。例如:I don' t know whether he will come or not.五、whether引导的从句可以充当介词宾语,if则不行。I worry about whether i hurt her feelings.六、whether引导的从句可以作名词的同位语,if则不行。The question whether we need it has not been decided.七、可能造成歧义时,用whether而不用if。1. please let me know whether you are coming.请告诉我你是否要来。(whether引导宾语从句)2. please let me know if you are coming.如果你要来,请告诉我。(if引导状语从句)指示代词that引导的同位语从及定从的区别that引导同位语从句时,同位语从句的先行词多为抽象名词, 如 fact, news, hope, question, report, idea, rumour 等, 而此 时从句的连词that只起连接作用,对抽象名词进行解释和说明。that 在从句中不作任何成分,但不能省略。如:Many young people hold the idea that certificates and work experience help a lot in their job hunting.许多年轻人有这样一个理念,证书和工作经历对他们的求职作用 很大。The news that his heath is failing made us sad.他健康状况不佳的消息使我们很难过。The question who should do the work requires consideration.谁该干这项工作的问题需要考虑。There is much chance that Bill will recover from his injury in time for the race.有很大的机会比利的伤势可以恢复并且按时参加比赛that引导同位语从句和定语从句的区别1)从句法角度来看,引导同位语从句的连词that只起连接作用, 在从句中不作任何成分,但不可以省略;而引导定语从句的关系代词 that除了连接主句和从句之外,在从句中作一定成分,有时可省略。Along with the letter was his promise that he would visit me this coming Christmas.随信一起来的是他的承诺,他说会在即将到来的圣诞节来看我。 (同位语从句中的that不做任何成分)The suggestion (that) he made at the meeting was very right.他在会议上给出的建议是正确的。(此定语从句中的that在从 句中作宾语,可以省略)2)从语义角度来看,同位语从句that引导的从句在句中解释说 明前面的名词,而定语从句中that引导的从句则是起到修饰限定先 行词的作用。The news that we are having a holiday tomorrow is not true.明天放假的消息不实。(that引导的从句说明news的内容)He lost his money that had been saved for a long time.他丢了存了很久的钱。(that引导的定语从句,修饰限定先行词 money)but, as, than作关系代词引导定语从句一、在英语关系代词中,but, as, than作关系代词可以引导定语从句:but既可指人,也可指物,常在定语从句中充当主语。but本身 含"否定"的意思,其作用相当于"that /which /who. . . not" o它 前面的主句通常有"否定"的词(如:no, not, little, few, hardly 等)。but引导的肯定定语从句和否定的主句连用,达到强烈肯定的 修饰效果。例如:There is no mother but loves her own children. (二There is no mother that/who does not love her own children.)没有不爱自己孩子的母亲。二、as既可指人,也可指物,常在限制性定语从句中充当主、宾、表语。as引导的定语从句的先行词前面常有as /such /the same 等修饰词。例如:1 . He is as brave a man as ever lived.他是世界上最勇敢的人。2 .Don' t read such books as are not worth reading.不要读那些不值得读的书。as作关系代词,还可用来引导非限制性定语从句,as引导的定语从句可放在句首、句中或句末。例如:As we all know, Taiwan is an inseparable part of China.三、than既可指人,也可指物,可作关系代词来引导定语从句。 than前通常有表比较的词。例如:Fewer friends than we had expected came to our evening party.来参加晚会的朋友比我们预 料的还要少。四、在使用上述三个特殊的关系代词时,还要注意区分下列两个 词组:1、"such. . . that."表"如此以致"的意思,用来引导一个结果状语从句;而"such. . . as."表"像这(那) 样”的意思,用来引导定语从句,as在定语从句中充当主、宾、表语 等。试比较下列两个句子:1) He is such an honest man that we respect him.他是一个如此诚实的人以致我们都尊敬他。2) He is such an honest man as we respect.他像我们所尊敬的那种诚实的人。3) " the same. that.”表同一人或物,而"the same. . . as." 表同种类的东西。试比较下列两个句子:1) This is the same book that I lost.这就是我丢失的那一本书。(指同一本书)2) This is the same book as I lost.我丢失的那一本书一模一样。(并不是原来的那一本)whoever引导的名词性从句在英语名词性从句学习中,我们也经常见到whoever,它的意思 是:谁,无论谁,任何人,不管谁,在意义上大致相当于anybody r可以引导名词性从句,在从句中可用作主语或宾语, 例如:11 11 take whoever wants to go.谁想去我就带谁去。2. The police, or whoever, would not think of looking for him here.无论是警方还是其他什么人都不会想到来这里找他。3. You can have whoever you like to visit you.你想要谁来拜访你都可以。4. She can marry whoever she chooses.她愿意嫁谁就嫁谁。5. Whoever wants the book may have it.任何人要这书都可拿去。6. Whoever comes will be welcome.谁来都欢迎。7. Whoever you invite will be welcome.任何你邀请的人都欢迎。8. Whoever this woman is, she's made of sterner stuff than I am.不管这个女人是谁,她都比我坚强。9. Whoever breaks this law deserves a fine.违反本法者应予以罚款。10. I' 11 give the ticket to whoever wants it.请想要这票,我就把它给谁。11. Whoever breaks the school windows will be in for trouble!无论谁打破了学校的窗子,都要受罚.12. He will kick away whoever gets under his foot.凡是妨碍他前进的人,他就一脚踢开.注意:whoever还有以下几点用法:1、whoever既用作主格也用作宾语(作宾语时不宜用whomever, 因为在现代英语中whomever已几乎不用)。2、whoever引导让步状语从句,意思是“无论谁,不管谁”。3、whoever用作疑问代词时,意思是“到底是谁,究竟是谁“,是who的强调形式。