2022-2023学年山东省菏泽市高二(下)期中英语试卷(A卷)-普卷.docx
2022-2023学年山东省荷泽市高二(下)期中英语试卷(A卷)一'阅读理解(本大题共15小题,共37.5分)AYou've probably tried easy center-city Beijing rides if you enjoy riding.Now it's time to level up your rides, so they will take you out into the countryside and attractive mountains.Death ValleyApproximate distance: 100 km loop (环线)It may sound terrifying, but Beijing's cyclists named this northern route "Death Valley* on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidents it has witnessed.In reality, it*s the closest, mostly car-free loop to the city center.Tuesday/Thursday TTTApproximate distance: 54km loopThis Team Time Trial is very popular among the Beijing cycling community as an early morning ride before work.While it's not particularly scenic, there are few traffic lights, and the roads are not too busy and have adequate bike lanes on each side, making it a relatively trouble-free ride.If you*d like to ride with a group, seek out early morning Beijing rider groups and join them on Tuesday or Thursday mornings at 5 am or 6 am depending on the season.The VerseApproximate distance: 120km loopIt passes a cafe with good (although expensive) food and even high-end accommodation, but the best part is their super welcoming attitude towards cyclists.Its a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival, and a ride back that is mostly downhill.Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest ParkApproximate distance: 70km loopThis park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing.The Tongzhou Grand Canal is a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history.The oldest parts of it date back hundreds of years BC.It will be a fun ride here.Cubism.Others gave their paintings a realistic but dream-like quality.Still others turned to abstract art.五、书面表达(本大题共2小题,共40.0分)37 .假定你是李华,你得知交换生Kathy在省中学生书画大赛中荣获二等奖。请你给她写一 封邮件,祝贺她获奖,内容包括:(1)得知她获奖的消息;(2)向她表示祝贺;(3)希望有机会可以和她一同写生。注意:(1)写作词数应为80左右;(2)请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。Dear Kathy,Yours,Li Hua38 .阅读下面材料,根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段,使之构成一篇完整的短文。I love digging in the back garden.Sometimes, I'd dig for pottery and stuff, but I've always wanted to find a fossil (化石).1 like finding out about the past.At school, my favourite subject is history.Fve been watching Andy's Prehistoric Adventures since I was three.I knew I had a good chance of finding a fossil, because my house was built on a muddy, limestone substrate (石灰岩基质),in Walsall, which means millions of years ago, my garden wasn't my garden at allit was a coral reef (珊瑚 礁).On 22 March, it was a sunny day.I came back from school.I asked Dad if I could dig in my favourite spot by the yellow bush near our house, where we had planted potatoes and onions, but he told me not to, because he'd just moved a tree there and it was establishing roots.I went to the back garden instead, taking Dad's old brown wooden garden tools.I dug a big hole, about a foot deep, which didn't take very long, where I found a ball of mud with something pointy sticking out the top.I ran into the kitchen screaming.! was so excited.I knew it was a fossil.At first, I thought it might be a deer's tooth or a goafs claw.When Dad washed the mud off, we saw that it had lots of bumpy, wavy lines ; we both thought it looked like one of the sea anemones, from the fish tank in his office, but with a horn (触角).Dad sent a video to the Fossil Finds UK Facebook group.A man calling himself an archaeologist (考古学家) replied saying it had the markings of a horn coral from the Palaeozoic era, which is the very beginnings of life on Earth.I had found one of the oldest fossils in England.We looked in my books and online for more information.We typed our postcode into a British Geology Survey search where you can find out what you're standing on一ours is the oldest substrate in the area, with lots of clay and limestone, but it's unusual to find anything so close to the surface.Experts told us that my horn coral lived between 415 million and 480 million years ago.There weren't even proper fish or sharks then.注意:(1)续写词数应为150左右;(2)请按如下格式作答。Before the horn coral, the only fossils I was familiar with were shark teeth that Dad got me.When I grow up, I want to be an archaeologist (考古学家).答案和解析13.【答案】C、B、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据 Death Valley 部分的 It may sound terrifying, but Beijing's cyclists named this northern route "Death Valley*' on account of the huge tomb it passes, not the number of on-road accidentsithaswitnessed.(这听起来可能很可怕,但北京的骑行者将这条北线命名为“死亡谷二是 因为它经过的巨大坟墓,而不是它目睹的交通事故数量。)可知,之所以这样命名是因为这条路 线会经过巨大的坟墓。故选C项。(2)细节理解题。根据 Death Valley 部分中的 Approximate distance:100 km loop (环线)(大约 距离:10。公里环线);Tuesday/Thursday TTT 部分中的 Approximate distance: 54km loop (大约 距离:54 公里环线);The Verse 部分中的 Approximate distance: 120km loop (大约距离:120km 环线)以及 Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park 部分中的 Approximate distance: 70km loop (大约距 离:70公里环路)可知,路线最短的应该是Tuesday/ThursdayTTT,其只有54公里环路。故选B 项。(3)推理判断题。根据 The Verse 部分中的 Ifs a bit of hike to get there but well worth the effort, as you are rewarded with amazing views of the Great Wall upon arrival,and a ride back that is mostly downhill.(到达那里需要一点徒步旅行,但非常值得付出努力,因为 您在抵达时可以欣赏到长城的壮丽景色,并且大部分是下坡的车程。)可以见到长城壮丽的景象, 根据 Tongzhou Grand Canal Forest Park 部分中的This park is the closest place for riders to enjoy the Grand Canal in Beijing.The Tongzhou Grand Canal i s a true wonder in China, and one of the greatest civil engineering projects in history.(这个公园是 1 匕京 骑手最接近游览大运河的地方。通州大运河是中国真正的奇迹,也是历史上最伟大的土木工程之 一。)可知,这条线路可以看到大运河,由此可知,这两条路线都可以看到历史遗迹。A. They both offer a downhill ride.他们者E提供下坡骑行;B. They both have adequate bike lanes.他 们都有足够的自行车道;C. They both pass a second-to-none cafe.他们都经过一家最好的咖啡馆; D. They both offer a view of historical sites.它们都提供了历史遗迹的景观。故选D项。本文是一篇应用文。主要介绍的是几条可以带你进入乡村和迷人山区的骑行路线。一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。二、看题干,带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系, 研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量, 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因 果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。47.【答案】A、C、A、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。根据第二段Using high-precision (高精确度的)visual sensors, the system calculates a bird's speed and flight path, and if it is on a crash path with a turbine, a signal is sent to shut thatturbinedown.(该系统使用高精度视觉传感器,计算出鸟的速度和飞行路线,如果它与涡轮机 处于碰撞路径上,就会发送信号关闭涡轮机)可知,IdentiFlight能够在发现鸟时,停止涡轮机的 运作。故选A。(2)推理判断题。根据第三段 Winning an award for its performance in Australia,the tracking system was set up in 2018 and was found to cut eagle deaths at the Cattle Hill Wind Farm b y more than four-fifths.(该跟踪系统于2018年建立,在澳大利亚因其表现而获奖,并被发现将 Cattle Hill Wind Farm的鹰死亡人数减少了五分之四以上)和Each day signals have shut down their movements an average of 400 times-across the field of 48 turbin es一 for 2 to 3 minutes each time.(每天,信号在48台涡轮机中平均关闭400次,每次关闭2到3 分钟)可知,通过这些具体的数据,人们可以看到IdentiFlight系统非常有效地减少了涡轮机对鸟 类的威胁和伤害。故选C。(3)推理判断题。根据第四段 In 2014, IdentiFlight's maker, Boulder Imaging,used Top of the World for testing after eagles were killed by the turbines,which left Duke Energy in violation (违反)of the Migratory Bird Treaty Act. (2014 年,IdentiFlight 的制造商Boulder Imaging利用Top of the World在老鹰被涡轮机杀死后进行了测试,这使得 Duke Energy违反了候鸟条约法案)可知,Duke Energy和Boulder Imaging在2014年合作是 因为Duke Energy违反了候鸟条约法案。故选A。(4)观点态度题。根据最后一段Garry George所说的话中IdentiFlight will make it possible to fight the worst effects of climate change and protect the birds we lov e in the process. (IdentiFlight将使对抗气候变化的最坏影响成为可能,并在此过程中保护我们喜爱 的鸟类)可知,他对IdentiFlight是持支持态度的。A. Reserved.保留的;B. Approving.同意的, 支持的;C. Uncertain.不确定的;D. Unconcerned.不关心的。故选B。本文是篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一种基于摄像头和人工智能的技术,可以识别老鹰和其他鸟类, 以减少风力发电的涡轮机对它们造成的威胁。一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。二、看题干,带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系, 研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量, 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因 果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。我们在做完形填空时,首先需要快速的浏览全文,把握文章的主旨大意;其次要学会带着问题 到文中相应的地方,通过细节阅读来寻找或概括答案;最后理清作者的写作思路也非常重要;做 此类题时,要多注意一些形容词或动词的搭配,在平时多积累一些固定搭配。811 .【答案】C、C、A、D【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第二段中 Ocean heatwaves were found to be responsible for the loss of up to 80% of the population of some MediteiTanean species between 2015 and 2019.(人们发现 2015 到2019年间海洋暖流导致了至多80%某些地中海物种数量的消失)可知,气候变化、海水变暖(气 候变化)给地中海生物种群造成了日益严重的威胁,与C选项描述相符。故选C项。(2)细节理解题。根据第三段中Over two-thirds of the deaths of ocean creatures occurring on the hard sea floor were in the waters with a depth of only 0-25 meters,which are subject to particularly intense warming and are home to some of the most biodiverse ecosyste ms in the Mediterranean.(发生在硬海底上超过三分之二的海洋生物死亡都仅位于。到25米的深度, 这些区域受到海水显著变暖的影响,而且是地中海最具生物多样性的生态系统所在之处)可知, 海洋生物死亡主要发生在硬海底上的浅水区域。故选C项。(3)细节理解题。根据第五段中 This includes the lionfish and silver-cheeked toadfish, both of which are poisonous, and carry the potential to cause considerable ecological damage.(这包括 狮子鱼和棕斑兔头触,两者都是有毒的,且有可能造成严重的生态破坏)可知,海水变暖导致的 物种迁徙可能会造成对海洋生态系统的破坏。故选A项。(4)主旨大意题。总览全文,文章在首段指出海洋对地球生态的重要性,并引入研究记录表明地 中海温度显著上升,然后从多方面阐述了海水变暖会造成的严重后果,D选项”地中海热浪对生物 的影响”符合文章主旨。A. The causes of ocean heatwaves around the Mediterranean .地中海周围海洋 热浪的成因;B. The main natural threats to ocean life in the Mediterranean.地中海海洋生物面临的主 要自然威胁;C. The advice on dealing with Mediterranean ocean heatwaves.应对地中海热浪的建议; D. The impacts of ocean heatwaves on life in the Mediterranean .海洋热浪对地中海生物的影响。故选 D项。这是一篇说明文。文章指出海洋对地球生态系统无比重要,但一项对地中海温度的研究记录显示 近年来海洋温度显著升高,这将会对生态系统产生极大影响。一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。二、看题干,带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系, 研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量, 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因 果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。1215.【答案】A、B、D、B【解析】(1)推理判断题。根据第一段 Scientists are thrilled because the Mars Oxygen ISRU Experiment (MOXIE) will hopefully make astronauts survive on Mars.(科学家们非常激动,因为火星氧气 ISRU 实验(MOXIE)有望使宇航员在火星上生存。)可知,MOXIE有助于为人类火星探测做准备。 故选A项。(2) 2田节理抓星题。/艮据第二段 The air then undergoes an hour-long breakdown process in the part of the machine known as the Solid Oxide Electrolyzer (SOXE ) .It breaks air molecules (分子)into carbon monoxide (一氧化碳)and oxygen.(然后,空气在被称为固体氧化物电解槽(SOXE)的机器部 件中经历长达一个小时的分解过程。它破坏空气分子转化为一氧化碳和氧气。)可知,SOXE的 功能是去除空气分子中的氧气。故选B项。(3)推理判断题。根据第三段 The team has tested it in fall, winter, and various times of day.They hope to confirm it also works in spring, as well as at dawn and dusk when Mars1 temperatures change rapidly.(该团队已经在秋季、冬季和一天中的不同时间对其进行了测试。他们希望证实它在春季以及火 星温度快速变化的黎明和黄昏也能起作用。)可推知,杰弗里霍夫曼担心的是MOXIE对火星大 气的适应性。故选D项。(4)推理判断题。根据第四段 The key is how the earlier-arrived MOXIE works without humans.(关 键是早期到达的MOXIE在没有人类的情况下是如何工作的。)可知,MOXIE的下一步是如何使 它在没有人的情况下自动工作,推断出科学家希望MOXIE可以达到自动化。A.How to land MOXIE on mars.如何让 MOXIE 登陆火星;B.How to make MOXIE automatic.如何使 MOXIE 自动化;C.How to match equipment with MOXIE.如何与 MOXIE 匹配设备; D.How to increase the production of MOXIE.如何提高 MOXIE 的产量。故选 B 项。这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了由于科学技术的巨大飞跃,如今一种可以在特定环境中生产氧气的 机器MOXIE有望使宇航员在火星上生存。一、速读全文,了解大意知主题。阅读能力一般指阅读速度和理解能力两个方面。阅读速度是阅读最基本的能力,考生必须在 十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速阅读,搜寻关键词、主题句,捕捉时空、顺 序、情节、人物、观点,并且理清文章脉络,把握语篇实质。二、看题干,带着问题读文章。首先要掌握问题的类型,客观信息题可以从文章中直接找到答案;而主观判断题考查的是对 文章的感情基调等,这类题必须经过对作者的态度、意图以及对整篇文章进行深一层的推理等。 其次,了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息,然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读,对有关信息 进行快速定位。此法加强了阅读的针对性,提高了做题的准确率。三、逻辑推理,做好深层理解题。在实际阅读中,有时作者并未把意图说出来,阅读者要根据字面意思,通过语篇逻辑关系, 研究细节的暗示,推敲作者的态度,理解文章的寓义。要求读者对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖 掘和逻辑推理,不能就事论事,以偏概全。推理题在提问中常用的词有:infer, imply, suggest, indicate 等。四、猜词悟义,扫除阅读拦路虎。猜词是应用英语的重要能力。它不但需要准确无误地理解上下文,而且要有较大的泛读量, 掌握或认识较多的课外词汇。我们要学会“顺藤摸瓜”,通过构词,语法,定义,同位,对比,因果,常识,上下文等线索确定词义。1620,【答案】F、D、C、G、B【解析】(1)细节理解题。The vast amount of information on it has its positives.(它的大 量信息有其积极的一面。)和后文 But there's always certain content on it that has to be considered carefully, such as posts about diet culture or parenting.(但总有一些内容需要仔细考虑,比如关于饮 食文化或育儿的帖子。)可知,本段在讨论社交媒体的利弊,空处需要承接前文,说明积极的一 面,和后文形成语义的转折。F.Some people can find encouragement when engaging in their personal struggles.(有些人可以在个人 挣扎中找到鼓励。)符合语境。故选F。(2)联系上文题。根据前文 But there's always certain content on it that has to be considered carefully, such as posts about diet culture or parenting. A wide variety of conflicting opinions and harmful behaviors that get passed on as facts do harm to unknowing users.(但总有一些内容需要仔细考虑,比如关于饮 食文化或育儿的帖子。各种各样相互矛盾的观点和有害的行为被当作事实传播,对不知情的用户 造成了伤害。)可知,本段后半部分主要讨论社交媒体的弊端,针对饮食文化和育儿方面的信息 传播提出了质疑,空处会进一步延伸前文的内容。D.The same pattern presents itself to mental illnesses/同样的模式也出现在精神疾病上。)符合语境, 其中的"The same pattern”概括了 前文的 “A wide variety of conflicting opinions and harmful behaviors that get passed on as facts”。故选 Do(3)联系上文题。根据前文 The problem with much content about mental illnesses is that it quickly becomes a numbers game to gain a huge following on social media platforms.These kinds of accounts are rising in popularity.(很多关于精神疾病的内容的问题在于,它很快就变成了一场数字游戏,目的 是在社交媒体平台上获得大量粉丝。这类账户越来越受欢迎。)可知,本段讨论精神疾病方面信 息传播很广泛,空处会延伸说明这种广泛的特质。C.Other users are quick to produce similar content.(其他用户很快就会产生类似的内容。)符合语境。故选C。(4)联系上文题。根据前文 This rat race directly leads to the promotion of unreliable and misleading information and content where creators exaggerate (夸大) their own experiences to make it appear as if they have a mental illness so they can receive more views.(这种激烈的竞争直接导致了不可靠和误 导性的信息和内容的推广,创作者夸大自己的经历,使其看起来好像他们有精神疾病,这样他们 就可以获得更多的观看量。)可知,本段在陈述这种不可靠的信息传播的结果,夸大者会收获更 多的注意,空处可能会说明如实传播的人的情况。G.This takes attention away from those who genuinely spread awareness about mental health.(这将注意 力从那些真正传播心理健康意识的人身上转移开。)符合语境,其中的“genuinely”和前文的 "exaggerate”相对。故选 G。(5)段落主题题。根据后文 One is to better educate oneself before jumping to any conclusions or taking any action based on ill-informed advice.(一种是在根据不了解情况的建议做出任何结论或采取任何 行动之前,更好地教育自己。)可知,本段提出了解决上述问题的方法,空处需概括本段的内容。 B.Possible solutions are suggested.(可能的解决方案被提出。)符合语境,呼应后文具体的解决方 法。故选B。本文是一篇议论文。文章论述了社交媒体上关于精神疾病的各种矛盾的观点、错误的行为被当作 事实广泛传播,夸大事实的账户受人追捧,提供真实信息的账户得不到关注,不知情的用户受到 了伤害,而解决这一问题需要用户更好地教育自己,不盲目下结论或采取行动。关于选句填空的做题步骤:步骤一:快速浏览一遍备选答案,先确定哪个选项适合放在文章的什么位置。通常在以下位置: 标题,句首,句中