语法专题十五 定语从句【考点精讲精练】-2023年中考语法一点通(教师版).docx
语法专题十五、定语从句鱼考点精型1 .概念理解定语从句:在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句,又称形容词性从句。先行词:被定语从句修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。定语从句在先行词后面,但二者并不定 紧挨着。关系词(引导词):连接先行词和从句的词叫引导词,也可叫关系词或连接词。连接词有that,who> which 等。I like (he movie | that/which is funny.先行词 引导词先行词 引导词【特别注意】先行词和引导词是等量关系引导词(关系词)在定语从句中充当成分,代替先行词,意思就是先行词的意义。所以, 在定语从句中不能重复其意。 正 There are many places (hal we can visit in China.。 误 There are many places that we can visit them in China.先行词在从句中做主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词单复数形式由先行词决定。This is the place that is famous for pandas.John reads books which arc fun.2 .如何把两个简单句合并成一个含定语从句的复合句今 He is the Ihief.他是那个小偷。The thief stole my wallet.那个小偷偷了我的钱包。(两个简单句)令 I Ie is the thief mih或stole my wallet.他是那个偷了我钱包的小偷。(一个复合句)通过观察,我们可以总结出以卜.合并规律:(1)把两个简单句合在一起。He is the thief The thief stole my wallet.(2)合并同类项,去掉一个多余的。同时也应该注意谓语动词的变化!19. (2014.山东省泰安市历年真题)-Which is your new neighbour, Liu Hua?-The man T-shirt is red.A. thatB. whoC. whichD. whose【答案】D【解析】答案:D.本题考查定语从句的关系词,因为先行词the man指人,the shirt又 和关系词是拥有关系.whose表示从属关系,在从句中作为定语修饰名词.故选:D, 句意:一谁是你的新邻居,刘华?那个T恤衫是红色的人.此题只需弄清定语从句中先行词和关系词的关系即可.20. (2014吉林省长春市历年真题)The book is about a (rue story happened in myhometown.A. whichB. whoC. whomD. whose【答案】A【解析】答案:Athat/which关系代词,指物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who/whoni 关系代词,指人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;whose关系代词,指人或物,定语从句 中只能作定语.根据a true storyhappened,本句中先行词siory,是定语从句的主语,指物,故引导词用which或者iha【:故选:A.这本书是关于发生在我家乡的一个真实的故事.本题主要考查定语从句,做此类题目时,应该注意定语从句的先行词,来判断关系词, 同时也应该注意谓语动词的变化!21. (2014广西壮族自治区梧州市历年真题)The Palace Museum is the best placeI'veever visited.A. thatB. whomC. whereD. who【答案】A【解析】句意:故宫是我参观过的最好的地方.本题考查定语从句引导词的选择,当序 数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时,引导词只能用that.故选:A。22. (2014.湖北省十堰市.历年真题)He likes low-carbon life. He lives in the house he built himself out of trash.A. whereB. whatC. whichD. in which【答案】C【解析】根据句意可知,这里考查的是定语从句,其先行词是the house. A是关系副词, 在从句中做状语;B what不能引导定语从句;D是介词in加上关系代词的形式,在定 语从句中也做状语.在这个定语从句中,动词buill的后面缺少的是宾语,故应该用关 系代词,应选C.他喜欢低碳生活,住在那个他自己用垃圾建造的房子里.定语从句要先找准先行词,然后根据先行词选择合适的引导词.一定注意分析有介词的 一些题目.本题的难点在where上,不少同学可t能因为the house而选用where.而忽 略了它不能做built的宾语这一点.23. (2015黑龙江省历年真题)Sandy likes the actors are popular among teenagers.A. who B. which C. whom D. why【答案】A【解析】考查定语从句的用法.先行词是物时,关系代词用which或thal;先行词是人 时,关系代词用who/whom,先行词作主语时用who,作宾语时用who或whom.题干 中的先行词actors在句中作主语,故选:A 句意:桑迪喜欢在青少年中受欢迎的演员.完成定语从句的关键是分析先行词及其在句中做什么句子成分.24. (2015浙江省杭州市历年真题)The womanis the most important in my life is mymother.A. whichB. whoC. whomD. what【答案】B【解析】句意:我生命中最重要的女人是我的妈妈。本题考查定语从句。先行词为woman. 关系词指人且在从句中作主语,故答案为B项。25. (2014海南省海口市历年真题)III never forget the lesson last year.A. that I learn B. that I learned C. what I learn D. what I learned【答案】B【解析】根据the lesson last year,本句中先行词the lesson,是下文定语从句的逻辑宾语,指物,故引导词用which或者that;乂由于时间状语是last year,所以动词 应该是一般过去时,故选B.句意:我永远不会忘记去年上的一堂课.本题主要考杳定语从句,做此类题目时,应该注意定语从句的先行词,来判断关系词!26. (2012云南省玉溪市历年真题)When times become difficult, remember a moment in your life was filled with joy and happiness.A. whatB. whenC. thatD. where【答案】C解析】首先分析句子结构,本句中的"was filled with joy and happiness"在复合 句中作定语从句,由于先行词moment为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导 定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,故选C.当生活变得艰难的时候,想一想在你的生命中充满快乐和幸福的时刻.本题考查定语从句的关系代词.做此题的关键是找准先行词,是人还是物,在从句中做 什么句子成分,然后根据语法选择正确的引导词.27. (2015内蒙占自治区呼和浩特市历年真题)The phototaken by my brother lastweek is very nice.A. which were B. that isC. that wereD. which was【答案】D【解析】句意:上周由我弟弟照的照片很漂亮。先行词为phot。,指物,而且是单数:谓 语动词应用单数形式,排除A、C;时间状语为last week,故此处用一般过去时,故选Do28. (2022广东省专项测试)一What kind of movies do you like?I prefer movies give me something (o think about.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. when【答案】A【解析】句意:一你喜欢什么样的电影?一我更喜欢能带给我一些思考的电影。分析句 子结构,give me something lo (hink about是定语从句,先行词是movies,指物, 在从句中作主语,应用关系代词Ihat或which引导定语从句。故选A。29. (2022北京市市辖区同步练习)Confucius was a famous philosopher (哲学家)has influenced (he world greatly.A. whoseB. whomC. whichD. who【答案】D【解析】句意:孔子是一位对世界有极大影响的著名的哲学家。分析句子结构,has influenced the world greatly是定语从句,先行词是philosopher,指人,在从句中作主 语,应用关系代词that或who引导定语从句。故选D。30. (2022全国同步练习)一Is there anyone here name is Betty?Sony, I don't know.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. whose【答案】D【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词为“anyone (指人)”,且在从句中作定语,因此引 导词应该用whose。故选Do本题较难。31. (2011 青海省历年真题)What do you usually do in your leisure time?I enjoy reading in the libraiy I lose myself in a world of good books.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. when【答案】C【解析】句意:在闲暇之余你通常会做些什么呢? 我喜欢在图书馆看书,在那 儿我将自己沉浸在好书的世界里。考查定语从句的引导词;where引导的定语从句修饰 the library,在从句中作状语,表示地点。故选C。32. (2016贵州省历年真题)1 can't remember the place I lived many years ago.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. /【答案】C【解析】答案:C,考查关系副词。句意“我不记得我多年前住过的地方”.A那个。B哪 个。C哪里。D/.这是一个定语从句,先行词是place,表示地点,用where引导。答案 是Co我不记得我多年前住过的地方。考查关系副词。定语从句要明确先行词,然后再选中合适的关系副词引导从句。结合语 境完成试题。33. (2019内蒙占自治区呼和浩特市月考试卷)Being blind is something most people can't imagine.A.不填B. whatC. whoD. which【答案】A【解析】答案:Ao分析句子可知"most people cant imagine"是一个定语从句,先行词 something是不定代词,关系词要用ihal做定语从句的宾语,此处做了省略。故选:Ao失明是大多数人无法想象的事情。本题考查定语从句的用法,要根据不同的语境作出适当的回答。34. (2021吉林省长春市月考试卷)1 will never forget (he people helped me a lotduring my hard time.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. whom【答案】B【解析】句意:我永远不会忘记那些在我困难的时候帮助过我的人。分析句子结构, helped me a lot during my hard time 是定语从句,先行词是 the people,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词ihat或who引导定语从句。故选B.35. (2021 全国单元测试)Chaka Salt Lakeis known as Mirror of the Sky interestsmore and more tourists.A. where B. which C. who D. what【答案】B【解析】句意:被称为天空的镜子的茶卡盐湖使越来越多的游客感兴趣。根据题干,可 知考查定语从句关系代词的选择。先行词"Chaka Salt Lake”是物,在从句中作主语, 因此应用关系代词which或ihal。故选B。36. (2021全国单元测试)1 will remember the important people in my life helped andsupported me.A. whoB. whichC. whatD. how【答案】A【解析】句意:我将记住生命中那些帮助和支持过我的重要的人们。分析句子结构, helped and supposed me是定语从句,先行词是people,指人,在从句中作主语, 应用关系代词thal或who引导定语从句。故选A。37. (2021 全国单元测试)1 prefer musichas great lyrics.A. whoB. whoseC. thatD. /【答案】C【解析】句意:我更喜欢歌词优美的音乐。分析句子结构,has great lyrics是定 语从句,先行词是music,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导定 语从句。故选C。38. (2022重庆市其他类型)一Have you seen the film The Wandering Earth?Yes. It's the best one I have ever seen.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. it【答案】A【解析】句意:你看过电影流浪的地球吗? 看过,它是我看过的最好看的 一部电影。分析句子结构,I have ever seen是定语从句,先行词是one (指代 film),指物,在从句中作宾语,且先行词前有最高级the best修饰,应用关系代词that 引导定语从句。故选A。39. (2020黑龙江省大庆市历年真题)Would you please tell me about the plan youmade you leave?A. who; after B. what; when C. which; while D. that; before【答案】D【解析】句意:你能在你离开之前给我讲讲你做的计划么?分析句子结构,you made是定语从句,先行词是the plan,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that或 which引导定语从句,排除AB; while当的时候,before在之前,都可以引导 时间状语从句,结合句意,故选D。40. (2021 全国单元测试)一Do you know the man spoke at (he meeting just now?No, I don,t know.A. whatB. whoC. whichD. whose【答案】B【解析】句意:你知道刚才在会上讲话的人是谁吗?一不,我不知道。分析句子 结构,spoke at the meeting just now是定语从句,先行词是the man,指人,在从 句中作主语,应用关系代词tha【或who引导定语从句。故选B。41. (2021内蒙古自治区呼伦贝尔市模拟题)Dr. Zhong Nanshan is a pioneer hasmade a lot of contributions (贡献)in the field of medical science.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. what【答案】B【解析】句意:钟南山博士是在医学领域做出诸多贡献的先驱者。分析句子结 构,has made a lot of contributions (贡献)in the field of medical science 是定语从句,先行词是apioneer,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词ihal或who引导定语从句。故选B。42. (2021 吉林省长春市模拟题)The policeman has caught the thief stole Mr. Li'swallet.A. whoseB. whoC. whomD. which【答案】B【解析】句意:警察抓住了偷李先生钱包的那个小偷。分析句子结构,stole Mr. Lit wallet是定语从句,先行词是t是thief,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that 或who引导定语从句。故选Bo43. (2017云南省曲靖市历年真题)Everythingyou learn becomes a part of you andchanges you, so learn wisely and leam well.A. whatB. whenC. whereD. that【答案】D【解析】句意:你学习的任何东西都会成为你的一部分,并且改变着你,所以有策略地 学习吧,好好学习吧。分析句子结构,you learn是定语从句,先行词是不定代词 Everything,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选D。44. (2020辽宁省阜新市历年真题)Is this the museum you visited last year?A. whoB. thatC. whomD. in which【答案】B【解析】句意:这是你去年参加的博物馆吗?分析句子结构,you visited last year 是定语从句,先行诃是the museum,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that或which 引导定语从句。故选B。45. (2020广西壮族自治区贵港市历年真题)一Do you know the boy got the firstprize in the talent show?Of course. He's my new neighbor.A. whoseB. whomC. whichD. who【答案】D【解析】句意:一你认识在才艺表演中获第一名的那个男孩吗?当然,他是我的 新邻居。分析句子结构,got the first prize in the talent show是定语从句,先行词 是the boy,指人,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词hat或who引导定语从句。故选D。46. (2021 全国单元测试)Hey, Anna. Would you like to see The White Stonn with me?一You mean the new police story was filmed by Chen Musheng.A. whoB. whatC. whoseD. which【答案】D【解析】句意:嗨,安娜,你想和我一起看白色风暴吗? 你是指陈慕生拍 摄的新瞥察故事吗?分析句子结构,was filmed by Chen Musheng是定语从句, 先行词是story,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故 选D。47. (2021 全国单元测试)My mother doesn't like stories have sad endings.A. thatB. whoC. whereD. those【答案】A【解析】句意:我妈妈不喜欢有悲伤结局的故事。分析句子结构,have sad endings 是定语从句,先行词是stories,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系代词that或which引 导定语从句。故选A。48. (2021 全国单元测试)一Do you like the weekly talk show The Readers on CCTV?Sure. It's a great TV program can develop the habit of reading.A. whoB. thatC. whatD. whose【答案】B【解析】句意:你喜欢中央电视台每周的脱口秀节目朗读者吗? 当然喜欢。 这是一个很好的电视节目,可以培养阅读的习惯。分析句子结构,can develop the habit of reading是定语从句,先行词是TV program,指物,在从句中作主语,应用关系 代词that或which引导定语从句。故选B。49. (2021 辽宁省营口 市历年真题)I'll never forget the place we visited together lastyear.A. whichB. whatC. whoD. whom【答案】A【解析】句意:我将永远不会忘记我们去年一起参观的那个地方。分析句子结构,we visited together last year是定语从句,先行词是place,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用 关系代词that或which引导定语从句。故选A。50. (2021贵州省黔东南苗族侗族自治州历年真题)On December 31, 2020, the New Yearspeech President Xi Jinping made encouraged us Chinese to work harder for ourmotherland.A. whoB. whoseC. whichD. what【答案】C【解析】句意:在2020年12月31号,习近平主席做的新年报告鼓励我们中国人为我 们的祖国更加努力工作。分析句子结构,President Xi Jinping made是定语从句, 先行词是speech,指物,在从句中作宾语,应用关系代词that或which引导定语从句。 故选C。He is (he thief stole my wallet.(3)根据先行词来选择引导词来代替这个多余项。He is the thief who/that stole my wallet.3 .引导词的选择(1)关系代词:who(人主格),whom(人-宾客),whose(人所有格),which(物),that(人/物)。(2)关系副词:where(地点),when(时间),why(原因)。初中阶段要求掌握关系代词。一般who用于指代人的先行词,which用来指代物的先行词,that既可指人又可指物。关系代词在从句中作主语、宾语;关系副词在从句中作状语。4 .引导词只能用that的情况:(1)先行词本身是 all, everything, something, nothing , anything 等不定代词时;(2)先行词已有序数词或形容词的最高级或the last, the first, the same, the only,等作定语 时;(3)先行词既有人又有物时。1. He is the first person comes to school every day.A. that B. who C. whom D. which【答案】A【解析】定语从句的先行词有序数词firsi修饰,故只能用ihal引导。故选A。2. This is the most beautiful picture I have ever seen.A. which B. that C. whom D. whose【答案】B【解析】定语从句中有形容词最高级修饰,故只能用that引导。故选B。3. He is the only person passed the exam in his class.A. who B. which C. whom D. that【答案】D【解析】先行词前有Ihe only修饰,应用关系代词that引导定语从句。故选D。4. They talked about the people and things(hey can remember.A. that B. where C. who D. which【答案】A【解析】先行词是the people and things,既有人又有物,所以用关系代词that。故选A。5. There is nothing in the world can make him give up his dream.A. whatB. thatC. whichD. who【答案】B【解析】句意:世界上没有什么能让他放弃梦想。先行词是不定代词nothing,故其定语从句引导词用【hai,在定语从句中是主语。故选出,5 .引导词只能用which的情况(1)关系代词前有介词。This is the house in which we lived last year.(2)先行词本身是 thato The clock is that which I bought yesterday.(3)非限制性定语从句。His English, which used to be very poor, is now excellent.The hotel in we stayed last week is right on Bondi Beach.A. thatB. whichC. whoD. whom【答案】B【解析】句意:上周我们住的旅馆正好位于邦迪海滩上。本句是定语从句,先行词hotel是 物,从句缺少宾语,所以用关系代词which或ihai引,又因为这个关系代词前面有介词in, 只能用whicho故选Bo6 .定语从句中引导词的省略不管定语从句修饰的先行词是人还是物,如果引导词在从句中作宾语,引导词可以省略。不 过在正式文体中,引导词不省略。但是引导词在从句中作主语时就不能省略。What are you doing?一I'm reading the novel you lent me yesterday.A. whatB. whoC. whenD. /【答案】D【解析】句意:你正在干什么? 我正在看你昨天借我的那本小说。分析句子结构,you lent me yesterday是定语从句,先行词是the novel,指物,在从句中作宾语,可用关系代词that或which引导定语从句,这两个引导词选项中都没有。再分析句子结构,引 导词在定语从句中做谓语动词lent的宾语,所以可以省略,故选D。7 .定语从句的时态问题定语从句的时态一般不受主句的影响,根据从句所在具体的语境和意义而定。例如:< The headmaster who made a speech yesterday is from Peking University. 昨天做演讲的校长来自北京大学。(主句一般现在时,从句一般过去时) Q The headmaster who is making a speech now is from Peking University. 现在正在演讲的校长来自北京大学。(主句一般现在时,从句现在进行时) 令 The headmaster who will make a speech tomorrow is from Peking University. 明天要来演讲的校长来自北京大学。(主句一般现在时,从句一般将来时) 8.定语从句的主谓一致问题一般来说,关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句中的谓语动词的人称和数要与先行词保持 一致。所以一定要找准先行词,先行词的单复数决定从句谓语动词的形式。注意:先行词和引导词并不总是紧挨着,关系代词前面的词不一定是先行词。Dad cares much about the poor in the villages in need of food and education.A. which isB. who isC. which are D. who are【答案】D【解析】句意:爸爸非常关心那些农村里需要食物和教育的穷人们。分析句子结构,in need of food and education是定语从句,先行词是the poor,指人,在从句中作主语,应用 关系代词that或who引导定语从句,排除AC; who指代the poor, the+形容词表示某一类 人,作主语时谓语be动词应用are。故选D。【特殊情况】先行词是one of+可数名词复数时,关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用 复数形式。(此时真正的先行词是of后面的可数名词复数)。She is one of the girls who love dancing.她是热爱舞蹈的女孩其中之一。先行词是the only one of +可数名词复数时,关系代词在从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓 语动词用单数形式。(此时真正的先行词是the only one,是单数) He is the only one of the boys that likes playing the drums.他是男孩子里唯一一个喜欢敲鼓的。one of which在定语从句中作主语时,定语从句的谓语动词用单数形式。(主语是one) There are many kinds of energy, one of which is oil.有许多种能源,其中之一是石油。(2020北京市单元测试)He is one of the boys who to Beijing before.A. has beenB. has goneC. have been D. have gone【答案】C【解析】句意:他是以前去过北京的男孩之一。have gone表示去某地;have been表示去过 某地;根据before可知是去过,who引导的是定语从句,由先行词boys是好数,所以定语 从句谓语部分用have been。故选C。考点精练中考语法一定语从句专项练习(共计50小题,每小题2分,总分100分)1. (2014湖南省长沙市历年真题)The shopsells flowers is at the end of the street.A. who B. where C. which D.what【答案】C【解析】分析句子结构可知,句子含有定语从句。先行词shop指物,从句缺少主语, 所以用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。故选C。2. (2021 贵州省贵阳市历年真题)Abing's Erqtum Yingyue is a piece of music hasbecome one of China's national treasures.A. who B. which C. whose D. how【答案】B【解析】句意:阿炳的二泉映月已成为中国的国宝之一的一首曲子。根据定语从句 关系代词选择的原则,可知先行词,piece of music”是物,在从句中作主语,因此用 关系代词which或thato故选B,3. (2019福建省莆田市月考试卷)一A Spring Morning is my favorite poem hasbeautiful words.一I'm fond of it, too.A. who B. which C. whom D. where【答案】B【解析】句意:春晓是我最喜欢的一首诗,有美丽的诗句。我也喜欢。首 先根据语境推测句意是“春晓是我最喜欢的一首诗,有美丽的诗句分析句子结构, 本句中的“has beautiful words”在复合句中作定语从句,由于先行词poem为下文定 语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用that或者which,故选Bo 4. (2022重庆市其他类型)Peppa Pig (小猪佩奇)is a British canoon has beenpopular in China and is much loved by little children and (heir parents.A. who B. which C. / D. where【答案】B【解析】句意:小猪佩奇)一个英国卡通,已经在中国流行,深受孩子和他们的父 母的喜爱。给句为定语从句,先行词是cartoon,指物,作主语,不能省略,关系代词用 whicho结合题意,故选B。5. (2016福建省漳州市历年真题)Happy Camp is an entertainment program is veryhot among the young people.A. who B. / C. which D. where【答案】C【解析】句意:快乐大本营是在年轻人中很受欢迎的一档娱乐节目。首先分析句子 结构,本句中的"is very hot among the young people"在复合句中作定语从句,由于 先行词program为下文定语从句的逻辑主语,且指物,所以引导定语从句的关系代词用 that或者which,故选C。6. (2012黑龙江省哈尔滨市历年真题)A blog(博客)is considered as an invention can express your own ideas and feelings freely. It's the room to communicate with other people online.A. that B. who C. where D. how【答案】A【解析】本题考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知,invenlion后面为一个定语从句,先行词为invention,指物,所以用关系代词that或which引导。故选A。本题难度中等。7. (2023湖北省黄冈市期末考试)一Do you know the boy is talking to Mr. Zhang?Yes. He is our monitor.A. whichB. whoC. whoseD. whom【答案】B【解析】句意:你认识正在和张老师说话的男孩吗?