2022年人教版高中英语必修一Unit3知识点详解 .pdf

Part 1. Warming up 1、Which kind of transport do you prefer to use: bus or train? prefer 宁愿；更喜欢用法：(1) prefer + n. / pron. The boy preferred a detective story. (2) prefer + v. -ing Do you prefer living abroad? (3) prefer + to do She prefers to live among the working people. (4) prefer sb. to do sth. She preferred him to stay at home. (5) prefer + n. / pron. / doing + to + n. / pron. / doing 喜欢 而不喜欢I prefer the town to the country. While he was in the office he preferred doing something to doing nothing. (6) prefer to do.rather than do = would rather do . than do. 宁愿 而不愿I prefer to walk there rather than go by bus. (7) prefer + 从句 (谓语动词用should do，should 可省略 ) She preferred that he should do it in the kitchen. 2. Imagine that you plan to spend a holiday. imagine 的用法构词： imagination n. C / U 想像，想像力，想像的事物 imaginative adj. 富有想像力的搭配：imagine sth / doing sth You can imagine the situation there. I can t imagin (my) marrying a girl of that sort. 【考例】I can hardly imagine Peter _across the Atlantic Ocean in five days. A. sail B. to sail C. sailing D. to have sailed 答案与解析 C imagine 后接动词的 -ing 形式，本句的Peter 是这个动名词的逻辑主语。Part 2. Pre-reading, reading and comprehending 1. Ever since middle school, my sister Wang Wei and I have dreamed about taking a great bike trip. 从高中起，我姐姐王维和我就一直梦想做一次伟大的自行车旅行。(1)ever sinde 从那以后It is/has been+一段时间 +since+一般过去时 (从句中的动作不能延续)自从 至今已经多久了。eg: It s five years since I left there. 我离开那里有五年了。注意：在“It s +一段时间 +since 从句 ” ，如果 since 从句的谓语动词是延续性动词，那么，它所表示的时间是从那个动作结束时起算，意为“ 不做。 。多久了 ” 。eg: It s five years since he smoked. 他戒烟五年了。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 1 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - (2) dream about/of 梦见，梦想2、Then she persuade me to buy one. (1)、说服 ; 劝服; sb 说服某人persuade sb. (not) to do sth. sb. into / out of doing sth. eg：I persuaded him to do it. =I persuaded him into doing it. （2） 、使相信，使信服persuade sb of sth 使某人信服某事persuade sb that 使某人相信 eg：He has persuaded me of its truth. I am persuaded that such is the fact. persuasive adj. 有说服力的persuasion n. 说服，信服【注意】如果“ 劝说 ” 不服, 不能直接用persuade, 而应用 try to persuade sb to do 或 advise sb to do. 1. I _ him not to smoke, but he didnt think it necessary. A.persuaded B. advised C. hoped D. suggested 2. I was able at last to _ my mother to follow my advice. A.suggest B. advise C. persuade D. leave off 3. While shopping, people sometimes cant help _ into buying something they don t really need. A.to persuade B. persuading C. being persuade D. be persuaded 3. Wang Wei soon got them interested in cycling too. ( 复习 get 用法， 详见 Unit1 知识点详解）4. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 首先想到沿湄公河从源头到终点骑车旅游的是我的姐姐。（复习强调句，详见 Unit1 知识点详解）5、Although she didnt know the best way of getting get to places, she insisted that she organize the trip properly. (1)、although, though 引导让步状语从句不能再和but, and, however 连用 , 但可以和副词yet, still 连用。 although 从句多放在句首, though 从句可在主句前，中，后任何位置，而且 though 可以作副词用于句末，作“ 但是，不过 ” 讲，而 although 无此用法。Although/Though it was raining, (yet) they still worked in the fields. He said he would come; he didnt come though.【随堂练习】_ he has limited technical knowledge, the old worker has a lot of experience. A. Since B. Unless C. As D. Although （2） 、insist v.坚持认为，坚持主张on/upon (ones) doing sth 坚持做 ,坚决做that +从句 “ 坚持一种说法、看法或事实” , 后接的从句用陈述语气,按insist 需要选择时态that sb (should) do sth 坚决主张做某事, 后接的宾语从句常用虚拟语气, 即 “should +v. ”eg：I insisted on/upon his coming with us. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 2 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - He insisted that he hadnt stolen the girl s handbag.Mary was ill. Her parents insisted that she (should) see a doctor. 【随堂练习】The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I a rest for a few days. A. had; had B. have; have C. had; have D. have; had The man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby. A. find B. to find C. on finding D. in finding I insisted that a doctor _ immediately. A has been sent for B. sent for C. will be sent for D. be sent for The doctor insisted that I a high fever and that I A.had;had D.have;had The man insisted a taxi for me even if/though I told him I lived nearby. A.find D.in finding 6、 My sister doesnt care about details. care vi.关心；介意n.关心；照顾care about (to be worried about/concerned with) 忧虑；担心；惦念care for(=like ，love)喜欢 ; 照料；照顾（ =take care of=look after) take care 小心；提防派生： careful adj.细心的carefully adv.细心地carefulness n.细心carelessly adv. 粗心地carelessness n. 粗心careless adj.粗心的 The only thing he cares _ is money. I don t really care _ red wine. Who will take care _ your baby if you are out? Many accidents are caused by _ (care) driving. They studied the question _ (care) before they made the decision. 7、She gave me a determined look the kind that she wouldn t change her mind.（1） 、determine v. 决定 , 下定决心 , 确定 determine to do sth. =make up ones mind to do sth. 下定决心eg：He determined to learn French. be determined to do sth. 决心做eg：She was determined to go to university. （2） 、change ones mind 改变某人的主意eg：No matter what you say, I won t change my mind.determination n. 决心，毅力determined adj. 坚毅的，下决心的8. When I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5000 meters, she seemed to be excited about it. 当我告诉她我们将在海拔5000 米处开始旅程, 她好像对此很兴奋。本句中的 seem后面跟了不定式结构，意为“ 看起来好像 ” 。(1)seem常常和不定式，形容词，分词，名词和介词短语搭配。如: 1)seem+不定式（短语）I seemed to hear a voice in the distance. I seem to have caught a cold . seem后不定式的否定式习惯上用dont 来代替，（放在 seem 前） ，如：You don t seem to be quite yourself today 2).seem +形容词精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 3 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - She seems quite happy today.=She seems to be quite happy today. 3)Seem+分词The news seems exciting. They seems interested in the film. 4)、seem+名词She seems a clever girl. It seemed a long time before my turn came. 5).seem+介词短语They seemed in high spirits. (2)seem常用于 it 作形式主语的 “ It seems/seemed that”结构，如：It seems that you were lying. It seems impossible that he will be here tomorrow. (3).seem 常用于由 as if/though 引导的从句中，如：It seems as if it is going to rain. It seems as if he knew nothing about that. 注在这种句式中，如从句所叙述的情实现的可能性比较大，从句谓语用陈述语气若实现的可能性较小，或根本不可能实现，从句的谓语则用虚拟语气。(4).seems也常用在 “there seem(s) to be”句式中，用来代替be，作句子的谓语。如：There seems to be no point in refusing. There seemed to be something the matter with him. at an altitude of = at a height of 在海拔 米处e.g. The plane is flying at a height / altitude of 10,000 feet.注意 :at 在此处表“ 在 处/时 , 以” 后接年龄 , 速度 , 长宽深高 , 价格 , 费用等在 岁时 at the age of 以.的价格 at a high / low price 在. 深度 宽度处 at a depth/width of 在距离处 at a distance of 9、When I told her the air would be hard to breath and it would be very cold 主语 + be + adj.+ to do sth. 是一常用句式即不定式用主动形式表达被动含义。不定式和主语之间是动宾关系，应使用及物动词的主动形式，若是不及物动词， 要加相应的介词。常用的形容词有：easy, difficult, hard, interesting, pleasant, nice ,dangeroues, important等；该句型可以转换成“It + be + adj + to do sth.”结构eg：The problem is really hard to work out. = It is really hard to work out the problem. 还有一类表示心理活动的形容词(surprised, moved, disappointed, pleased, happy, sad, delighted, sorry, interested, glad, worried, eager, anxious, angry 等） ，主动用 to do, 被动用 to be done, 也可接从句。We were both surprised to learn that half of the river is in China. 我们惊奇地发现这条河有一半是在中国境内。We were disappionted to be told that the match had been put off. 10. Once she has made up her mind, nothing can change it. Finally, I had to give in.她一旦下了决心，什么也不能使她改变。最后，我只好让步了。once 作为连词， 作“ 一(旦) 就”解，连接一个表示时间的状语从句。从句中常用一般现在时，现在完成时表将来。如： Once you have begin you must continue. Once printed，the book will be very popular once 用作副词，意为“ 一次；从前，曾经” 。11、Finally, I had to give in. (1)、give in (to sb./sth.) 屈服于 , 让步, 递交eg：He had to give in to my views. 他只好顺从了我的意见。（2） 、give in (sth. to sb.) 上交精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 4 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - eg：Please give your examination papers in to the teacher. 【拓展】 give up 放弃 , 认输give out 筋疲力尽；分配give away 捐赠 , 泄露give off 放出，散发（光、热、烟、气、味等）运用：用适当的介词或副词填空。（1） He gave _ to her request. （2） If you give _ smoking ，you will save a lot of money every year. （3） His accent gave him _ . So I knew he was from USA. （4）Our teacher gave _ to the police station what he picked up from the ground. （5） His money soon gave _ because he bought a lot of things. 12、It becomes rapids as it passes through deep valleys, traveling across western Yunnan Province. 【辨析】across，through 与 over across表示从一定范围的一边到另一边或事物交叉位置, “横穿 , 横跨 ” 表面through 表达两边穿过或穿过空间内部over 表示 “ 越过 ” 是指越过较高的物体从一侧到另一侧She swam across the river. 她游过河去。The river flows through the city from west to east. 这条河从西往东流过城市。The thief climbed over the wall and ran away. 小偷翻过墙逃走了。Part 3. Learning about Language 1、 A determined person always tries to finish the job,no matter how hard it is. 有决心的人总是努力完成工作，而不管它有多难。疑问词 +ever，no matter+疑问词（1）whatever,whichever,whoever,whomever可以引导让步状语从句，也可以引导名词性从句，引导让步状语从句时，可以换成 no matter what/which/who/whom, 位置可以在主句前，也可以在主句后。Take whatever you want. 拿你想要的任何东西。We will complete the work on time, no matter what happens. =Whatever happens, we will complere the work on time. （2）wherever,whenever,however 常引导让步状语从句，可以换成no mattewhere/when/how,可放在主句前或主句后。Whenever he goes abroad, he will buy presents for his younger sister. =No matter when he goes abroad, he wil by presents for his younger sister. 2.except for, except, but, besides 表示 “ 除了 ” 的词或短语有：except; but; except for; besides; except that /when. 等。(1) except 和 but 都表示 “ 除了 之外。没有” ， 二者大多数情况下可以互换；但在 no, all, nobody, nothing, no one 等不定代词后多用but。No one knows our teachers address except / but him. ( 排除 him) (2) besides 除 之外，还 ，有附加性。 What other foreign languages do you know besides English? (English 与 other languages都属于 know 的范围 ) 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 5 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - (3) except for 只不过 ，整体肯定，部分修正，用于排除非同类事物，for 表示细节上的修正。Your article is well written except for a few spelling mistakes. 当 except 用于句首时，后面往往要加上for. Except for this, everything is in good order.= Everything is in good order except this. (4) except that /when.that 后接句子I know nothing of that man except that he s from Sichuan.We do morning exercises every morning except when it is raining. Part 4. Using Language1. She was reliable and I knew I didn t need to encourage her.reliable adj. 可信赖的；可靠的rely vi. 依靠；依赖 (通常接 on/upon) 2. put 相关短语put up 举起；挂起，张贴；建造，搭起；（为某人）提供食宿He put up his hand to catch the teacher s attention.A new notive has been put up on the board. They put up a new house here. Will you put me up for the night? put up with忍受put away 放好，储存 .备用1）. put something away: 把.收拾起来Now, put your books away. 现在，把你的书收拾好。2）. put sb. away: 把. 送进监狱（或精神医院）The doctor wanted me to have him put away. 医生要我把他送进精神病院。3.） put (money) away: 把钱储蓄起来Ive got $1000 put away for a rainy day. 我有 1000 元存在银行以备不时之需。4.） put away (food or drink) ：大吃大喝I had put away half a bottle of whisky. 我一下子喝了半瓶威士忌。put down 写下，放下，镇压Let me put down your telephone number lest I forget it. 让我先记下你的电话号码, 以免忘了。Put down that book and help your mother with the dishes. 放下那本书 , 帮你母亲洗餐具。They had to call the police in order to put down the riot. 他们只得叫来警察以平定骚乱。put forward 1）.向前移Why dont you put your chair forward to get a better view? 你为什么不把椅子往前挪一点, 以便看得更清楚些 ? 2）.将 提前 We shall have to put the meeting forward. 我们得把会议提前。 3）.把.向前拨 ; 将钟拨快Put your watch forward; its five minutes slow. 将你的手表拨快些, 它慢了五分钟。4）.提出He put forward a plan for the committee to consider. 他提出一项计划交由全体委员审议put in 打断，插嘴，话费（时间）精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 6 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - He put in a good word for me. 他插进来为我说了一句好话。She put in eight hours behind a desk. 她在花了八小时办公。put off 推迟，延期The appointment was put off because of his illness. 由于他生病而推迟了约会。put on 穿上，上演They are going to put on Hamlet. 他们将上演哈姆雷特。put out 扑灭（火），伸出The fire was soon put out. 火很快就扑灭了。Its rude to put out your tongues at people. 对人吐舌头是不礼貌的。put ones heart into 全神贯注于 . 3. separate的用法separate 作动词时，指“ 把原来在一起的人或物分开” 。 例如 : Separate those two boys who are fighting, will you? (你)把那两个打架的孩子拉开，好吗? 构词： separation n. U分开，分离 搭配： separate A from B 把 A 和 B 分开 A is separated from B by A和 B 为所分开阻隔 separate sth (up) into 把 分成 (几分 ) 作形容词时， “ 个别的，独自的，分离的”We have separete rooms. 我们都有各自的房间。4.schedule n.时间表；进度表vt.为某事安排时间according to schedule 按照计划；按照安排on schedule 按时behind schedule 晚点be scheduled to do 被安排，定于 火车按时到达。The train arrived _ _ 总统定于明天发表演说。The President is _ (schedule) to make a speech tomorrow. 5.but I stayed awake. stay 为连系动词。 类似 stay 既能做行为动词又能作连系动词的还有：become, get ,grow, turn, look, appear, seem, feel, taste, smell, sound, keep 等。课文原文1.Two years ago she bought an expensive mountain bike and then she persuaded me to buy one . 2. It was my sister who first had the idea to cycle along the entire Mekong River from where it begins to where it ends. 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 7 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 3. Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places,she insisted that she organize the trip properly. 4.:lWhen I told her that our journey would begin at an altitude of more than 5,000 metres,she seemed to be excited about it. 5. It makes wide bends or meanders through low valleys to the plains where rice grows. 高考连接【例 1】The CDs are on sale!Buy one and you get completely free. （全国高考）A.other B.others C.one 【例 2】 Well,maybe is not how much you read but what you read that counts. （浙江高考）【例 3】the police thought he was themost likely one,since they had no exact proof about it,they could not arrest him. （湖南高考）A.Although 【例 4】building supplies to construct these energy-saving houses.It took brains, too. A.other than B.more than C.rather than 【例 5】 I find it fun and challenging.It is a job you are doing something serious but interestin A.where C.when 答案： 1.解析 C 句意为：这些CD 在廉价出售，买一赠一用 one代替 a CD。2.解析 D 分析答语句子结构可知此处构成It is.that.强调句型，被强调部分是not how much you read but what you read 。3.解析 A 句意为： 尽管警察认为他最有可能，但是由于没有确切的证据，他们不能逮捕他。表示让步用although;as long as 表示条件，意为“ 只要 ” ；if only 表示条件，意为“ 要是 就好 了” ；as soon as表示时间，意为“ 一 就” 。4.解析 B 句意为： 建造这些节能房屋，不仅仅要花费建筑材料， 还要付出智力。 more than在句中意为 “ 不仅仅 ” ，修饰名词。 other than 不同于，除了；rather than 宁可 也不愿，与其 倒不如； less than不到，少于。5 解析 A where 在句中为关系副词，引导定语从句，修饰先行词job。精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 8 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - - 文档编码：KDHSIBDSUFVBSUDHSIDHSIBF-SDSD587FCDCVDCJUH 欢迎下载 精美文档欢迎下载 精品资料 - - - 欢迎下载 - - - - - - - - - - - 欢迎下载 名师归纳 - - - - - - - - - -第 9 页，共 9 页 - - - - - - - - - -