电子商务管理视角_CH09移动计算及商务和普适计算.ppt

Chapter 7 Mobile Computing and Commerceand Pervasive Computing移动计算及商务和普适计算1Learning Objectives1.Describe the mobile computing environment that supports m-commerce(devices,software,services).2.Describe the four major types of wireless telecommunications networks.3.Define mobile commerce and understand its relationship to e-commerce.4.Discuss the value-added attributes,benefits,and fundamental drivers of m-commerce.5.Discuss m-commerce applications in finance,shopping,advertising,and provision of content.6.Describe the application of m-commerce within organizations.2Learning Objectives7.Understand B2B and supply chain management applications of m-commerce.8.Describe consumer and personal applications of m-commerce.9.Understand the technologies and potential application of location-based m-commerce.10.Describe the major inhibitors and barriers of m-commerce.11.Discuss the key characteristics and current uses of pervasive computing.31 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services 1New Computing Environment:Mobile ComputingMobile devices personal digital assistant(PDA)A handheld computer principally used for personal information management smartphoneInternet-enabled cell phone that can support mobile applications BlackberryA handheld device principally used for e-mail451 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and ServicesConversion of devicesThese handheld devices blend blogging,Instant Messages,SMS,and other forms of social networking in which Web browsing is easy,especially with a full keyboardwireless mobile computing(mobile computing)Computing that connects a mobile device to a network or another computing device,anytime,anywhere61 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services 2 Enabling Technologies for Mobile ComputingHardware and software infrastructures that support the wireless connection includeNetwork access pointsMobile communications server switchesCellular transmitters and receivers71 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services 3 Mobile Computing Software 1）Mobile operating system 2）Mobile application user interface 3）microbrowserWireless Web browser designed to operate with small screens and limited bandwidth and memory requirements 4）Wireless Application Protocol(WAP)A suite of network protocols designed to enable different kinds of wireless devices to access WAP readable files on an Internet-connected Web server81 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services91 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services5）Markup languagesWireless Markup Language(WML)A scripting language used to create content in the WAP environment;based on XML,minus unnecessary content to increase speedCompact Hypertext Markup Language(cHTML)A scripting language used to create content in i-mode101 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and ServicesExtensible Hypertext Markup Language(xHTML)A general scripting language;compatible with HTML;a standard set by W3 Consortiumvoice XML(VXML)An extension of XML designed to accommodate voice111 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services6）Supporting devicessynchronizationThe exchange of updated information with other computing devicesDocking stationsAttachable keyboardsBatteriesMedia players121 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services 4 Mobile Computing Services1）Short Message Service(SMS)A service that supports the sending and receiving of short text messages on mobile phones2）Enhanced Messaging Service(EMS)An extension of SMS that can send simple animation,tiny pictures,sounds,and formatted text131 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services3）Multimedia Messaging Service(MMS)The emerging generation of wireless messaging;MMS is able to deliver rich mediamicropaymentsElectronic payments for small-purchase amounts(generally less than$10)141 Mobile Computing:Content,Infrastructure,and Services4）Location-based services global positioning system(GPS)A worldwide satellite-based tracking system that enables users to determine their position anywhere on the earth5）Voice-support services interactive voice response(IVR)A voice system that enables users to request and receive information and to enter and change data through a telephone to a computerized system voice portalA Web site with an audio interface that can be accessed through a telephone call152 Wireless Telecommunications Networks 1 personal area network(PAN)A wireless telecommunications network for device-to-device connections within a very short rangeBluetoothA set of telecommunications standards that enables wireless devices to communicate with each other over short distances162 Wireless Telecommunications Networks 2 Wireless Local Area Networks and Wi-fiwireless local area network(WLAN)A telecommunications network that enables users to make short-range wireless connections to the Internet or another networkWi-Fi(wireless fidelity)The common name used to describe the IEEE 802.11 standard used on most WLANs172 Wireless Telecommunications Networks 802.11bThe most popular Wi-Fi standard;it is inexpensive and offers sufficient speed for most devices;however,interference can be a problem 802.11aThis Wi-Fi standard is faster than 802.11b but has a smaller range 802.11gThis fast but expensive Wi-Fi standard is mostly used in businesses182 Wireless Telecommunications Networkswireless access pointAn antenna that connects a mobile device to a wired LANhotspotAn area or point where a wireless device can make a connection to a wireless local area network(using Wi-Fi)19Wireless Telecommunications Networks202 Wireless Telecommunications Networks 3 Municipal Wi-fi NetworksWiMaxA wireless standard(IEEE 802.16)for making broadband network connections over a medium size area such as a citywireless metropolitan area network(WMAN)A telecommunications network that enables users to make medium-range wireless connections to the Internet or another network21Wireless Telecommunications Networks222 Wireless Telecommunications Networks 4 WIRELESS WIDE AREA NETWORKSwireless wide area network(WWAN)A telecommunications network that offers wireless coverage over a large geographical area,typically over a cellular phone network1）Physical topology of a WWAN subscriber identification module(SIM)cardAn extractable storage card used for identification,customer location information,transaction processing,secure communications,etc.232 Wireless Telecommunications Networks2）WWAN communication bandwidths1GThe first generation of wireless technology,which was analog based2GThe second generation of digital wireless technology;accommodates voice and text2.5GAn interim wireless technology that can accommodate voice,text,and limited graphics242 Wireless Telecommunications Networks3GThe third generation of digital wireless technology;supports rich media such as video3.5GThis generation was inserted into the ranks of cell phone generations;it refers to the packet-switched technologies used to achieve higher transmission speeds4GThe expected next generation of wireless technology that will provide faster display of multimedia252 Wireless Telecommunications Networks3）WWAN communication protocols Frequency Division Multiple Access(FDMA)Time Division Multiple Access(TDMA)Code Division Multiple Access(CDMA)4）WWAN network systems Global System for Mobile Communications(GSM)An open,nonproprietary standard for mobile voice and data communications263 Mobile Commerce:Attributes,Benefits,and Drivers 1 mobile commerce(m-commerce,m-business)Any business activity conducted over a wireless telecommunications network or from mobile devices 2 Attributes of M-Commerce Ubiquity Convenience Interactivity Personalization Localization27Mobile Commerce:Attributes,Benefits,and Drivers283 Mobile Commerce:Attributes,Benefits,and Drivers 3 Drivers of M-CommerceWidespread availability of more powerful devicesThe handset cultureThe service economyVendors pushThe mobile workforceIncreased mobilityImproved price/performanceImprovement of bandwidth294 Mobile Financial Applications 1 Mobile Banking and Financial Services Customers can use their mobile handsets to access account balances,pay bills,and transfer funds using SMS 2 Wireless Electronic Payment Systems Wireless payment systems transform mobile phones into secure,self-contained purchasing support tools capable of instantly authorizing payments over the cellular network m-wallet(mobile wallet)Technologies that enable cardholders to make purchases with a single click from their wireless device30Mobile Financial Applications314 Mobile Financial Applications 3 Wireless Bill PaymentsA number of companies are now providing their customers with the option of paying their bills directly from a cell phoneClosing the digital divide Using WWANs,mobile devices,and even regular cell phones,are closing the digital divide in developing countries such as China,India,and the Philippines325 Mobile Shopping,Advertising,and Content 1 Wireless ShoppingAn increasing number of online vendors allow customers to shop from wireless devices,especially cell phones and PDAs 2 Mobile and Targeted AdvertisingKnowing the real-time location of mobile users and their preferences or surfing habits,marketers can send user-specific advertising messages to wireless devices335 Mobile Shopping,Advertising,and Content 3 mobile portalA customer interaction channel that aggregates content and services for mobile users346 Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain 1 Support of Mobile EmployeesMobile officesales force mobilizationThe process of equipping sales force employees with wireless Internet-enabled computing devicesWorker support in retailingSupport in hospitalsSupport in operations356 Mobile Enterprise and Supply ChainTracking employeesJob dispatchMaintenance and repair at remote siteswearable devicesMobile wireless computing devices,attached to various parts of employees,for employees who work on buildings and other climbable workplaces366 Mobile Enterprise and Supply Chain 2 Supporting Other Types of Work 3 Customer and Partner Support 4 NonInternet Enterprise Applications 5 B2B M-Commerce and Supply Chain Management377 Mobile Personal and Consumer Service Applications 1 Mobile EntertainmentMobile games and gamblingHands-free driving 2 Wireless Telemedicine 3 Other Mobile Computing Services for Consumers 4 NonInternet Mobile Applications for Consumers388 Location-Based Mobile Commerce location-based m-commerce(l-commerce)Delivery of m-commerce transactions to individuals in a specific location,at a specific time The services provided through location-based m-commerce focus on five key factors:1.Location2.Navigation3.Tracking4.Mapping5.Timing39 8 Location-Based Mobile Commerce 1 The Technology For L-CommerceGlobal positioning system geographical information system(GIS)A computer system capable of integrating,storing,editing,analyzing,sharing,and displaying geographically-referenced(spatial)informationGPS/GIS applications408 Location-Based Mobile Commerce 2 Location-Based Advertising 3 Emergency Response Cell Phone Calls wireless 911(e-911)In the United States,emergency response system that processes calls from cellular phones automatic crash notification(ACN)Device that automatically sends the police the location of a vehicle that has been involved in a crash418 Location-Based Mobile Commerce 4 telematicsThe integration of computers and wireless communications to improve information flow using the principles of telemetry 5 Other Applications of Location-Based Systems428 Location-Based Mobile Commerce 6 Barriers to Location-Based M-CommerceAccuracy of devicesThe cost-benefit justificationLimited network bandwidthInvasion of privacy439 Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce 1 M-Commerce Security IssuesMalicious codesTransaction securityWireless communicationPhysical security of mobile devicesEase of use and poor securitySecurity measures449 Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce 2 Technological Barriers to M-CommerceMany Web sites are not designed for viewing by mobile devicesCurrent devices have limited usability,particularly with respect to pocketsize screens or data input devicesQuick and easy navigation of sites is necessary but not always available in the mobile environment459 Security and Other Implementation Issues in M-Commerce 3 Ethical,Legal,and Health Issues in M-Commerce 4 Barriers for Enterprise Mobile Computing 5 Project Failures in M-Commerce4610 Pervasive Computing pervasive computingInvisible,everywhere computing that is embedded in the objects around usInvisible computingPrinciples of pervasive computing Decentralization Diversification Connectivity Simplicity4710 Pervasive Computing 1 contextual computingThe enhancement of a users interactions by understanding the user,the context,and the applications and information required 2 radio frequency identification(RFID)Technology that uses radio waves to identify items4810 Pervasive Computing4910 Pervasive ComputingRFID Applications Track moving vehicles Track people Track individual items Protect secure areas Record transactionsElectronic Product Code(EPC)An RFID code that identifies the manufacturer,producer,version,and serial number of individual consumer products5010 Pervasive Computing 3 Smart Applications:Homes,Cars,and MoreSmart homes Lighting Energy management Water control Home security and communications Home entertainment5110 Pervasive ComputingSmart carssensor networkA series of interconnected sensors that monitor the environment in which they are placed 4 Barriers to Pervasive ComputingA number of technological,legal,and ethical issues still need to be fully explored and resolved if the promises of pervasive computing are to be realized52Managerial Issues1.Whats our timetable?2.Which applications first?3.Is it real or just a buzzword?4.Which system to use?5.Is an all-in-one device a winner?6.Which will win the wireless race:WiMax,Wi-Fi,or 3G?53