高考英语听力的命题规律和测试重点.pdf
高考英语听力的命题规律和测试重点 1 对话 对话部分考查的重点有：1）地点 根据对话内容判断对话发生的地点或对话中所提事件发生的地点是高考英语听力测试中常见的也是比较重要的一个题型。地点题一般有以下几种：(1)根据信息词设题 W:Dear,I feel hungry now.How about you?M:So do I.Let me call room service.Hello,room service.Please send a menu to 320 right away.Q:Where are the two speakers?A.In a hotel.B.At a dinner table.C.In the street.D.At the mans house.该题通过 hungry 和 menu 来迷惑同学们，引导大家选择 B，其实，本题所借助的信息词是 room service 和 320 这个房间号，答案是 A。M:Can you stay for dinner?W:Id love to.But I have to go and send some registered mail before picking up the children from school.Q:Where will the woman go first?A.To the school B.To a friends house.C.To the post office.D.Home 本题借助 registered mail设题，答案是 C。但这里同样也有地点的辨析问题，要求同学们能听出是首先到地方。M:Excuse me,Im looking for the emergency room.I thought that it was on the first floor.W:It is.This is the basement.Take the elevator one flight up and turn left.Q:Where did the conversation most probably take place?A.In a library B.In a hotel.C.In a hospital.D.In an elevator 本题设题所依据的信息词是 emergency room，只要考生了解其语域就可判断答案为 C。(2)借助对话中提到的多个地点设题 有时对话中提到的地点不只一个，这时，一般是将所有的地点都包括在选项之中。这种情况下，同学们不必考虑信息词问题，只要能将地点与其相关事件联系起来就可确定答案。如：M:I did not see our boss yesterday.Has he come back?W:He was just back from France besides visiting Britain，Germany，and Spain.Q:Which country did the woman visit first?A.France B.Britain C.Germany D.Spain 四个地点都是访问过的地点，要求同学们能够分清先后。答案为 B。M:Will Mr.Smith come to the party at the weekend?W:Hell be supposed to，but he wont be back from his trip until the next week.Q:Where will Mr.Smith be on Saturday?A.At the party B.At home C.Still on his trip D.Back from his trip.本题是将地点与时间连在一起，要求同学们在听的同时注意区别每个事件所发生的时间，答案为 C。2）职业、身份 根据说话内容判断说话者的身份和职业是高考听力测试中又一常见题型。该题型的题项设计有两种：(1)说话者自身的身份或职业 根据谈话内容判断说话者一方的职业或身份：W:Good evening,Professor David.My name is Susan Gray.Im with the local newspaper.Do you mind if I ask you a few questions?M:Not at all.Go ahead,please.Q:What is Susan Gray.A.A writer.B.A teacher.C.A reporter.D.A student.由 local newspaper 可以判断说话者是位记者，在采访。M:How about the food I ordered?Ive been waiting for 20 minutes already.W:Im very sorry,sir.Ill be back with your order in a minute.Q:Who is the man most probably speaking to?A.A shop assistant.B.A telephone operator C.A waitress.D.A clerk.与 order有关的自然是 waitress，答案为 A。(2)说话双方之间的关系 该题型是上一题型的延伸，要求同学们能判断说话者双方的身份，问题经常是 Whats the relationship between the two speakers?W:How long will it take you to fix my watch?M:Ill call you when its ready.But it shouldnt take longer than a week.Q:What is the probable relationship between the speakers?A.Librarian and student.B.Operator and caller.C.Boss and secretary.D.Customer and repairman.既然女士让男的 fix my watch，说明对方是 repairman，而自己是customer。M:Sorry to trouble you.But is there any possibility of borrowing a blanket?I feel cold.W:I think weve got one.Could you wait until after take-off please?Q:What is the probable relationship between the two speakers?A.A guest and a receptionist.B.A passenger and an air hostess.C.A customer and a shop assistant.D.A guest and a waitress.take-off 一词的使用说明女的是空姐，答案自然是 B。可以看出，职业、身份以及说话双方关系的选择所依据的同样是信息词。当然，要判断双方的关系，还可以从说话的方式入手。如：M:Make thirty copies for me and twenty copies for Mr.Brown.W:Certainly sir.As soon as I make the final corrections on the original.Q:Whats the relationship between the two speakers?A.Boss and secretary.B.Lawyer and client.C Teacher and student.D.Nurse and patient.两人间说话的语气和方式表明是老板与秘书的关系 3）计算题 计算题在高考英语听力中属于比较难的题型，要求同学们不仅能分辨不同的时间、金钱等数量概念，还应能将听到的各个数量联系起来进行加减运算。如：M:Your son seems to have made much progress in playing the piano.Does he attend any piano classes?W:Yes,he takes lessons twice a week,but from next week on,he will go to the class on Saturday evenings,too.Q:How often will the womans son have piano lessons from next week on?A.Once a week.B.Twice a week.C.Three times a week.D.Four times a week.两次加一次自然是三次，答案是 C。W:Professor Clark said that the mid-term exam would cover the first 15 lessons.M:Really?I thought it only included the first 12 lessons.Then I must spend the weekend to go over the rest of the lessons.Q:How many lessons must the man review over the weekend?A.Five lessons.B.Three lessons.C.Twelve lessons D.Fifteen lessons.这是最简单的计算题，只要同学们不将答案误认为是 C 或 D，就不会出错。W:Heres a 10-dollar bill.Give me two tickets for tonights show please.M:Sure.Two tickets and here is$1,40 change.Q:How much does one ticket cost?A.$1.40.B.$4.30.C.$6.40.D.$8.60 10 美元，两张票，找零 1.40美元，说明每张票为 4.30美元。从以上例子可以看出，含有数量概念的题，对话中提到的数量一般不可能为正确答案，总要同学们进行一些简单的加减运算。4）言外之意、弦外之音 推测说话者话中之话是听力中必考的题型。从试题的设计特点来看，大体有一下几种：(1)对虚拟语气的考查 包含虚拟语气的听力考题中一般都有是不非相对的选项，这就要求同学们了解虚拟语气的表意功能，根据虚拟语气判断正确选项。如：W:Im thinking of going to Austin for a visit.Do you think its worth seeing?M:Well,I wish I had been there.Q:What do we learn from the conversation?A.The man is planning a trip to Austin.B.The man has not been to Austin before.C.The man doesnt like Austin.D.The man has been to Austin before.I wish I had been there.说明说话人没有去过。W:If it hadnt been snowing so hard,I might have been home by 9 oclock.M:Its too bad you didnt make it.Jane was here and she wanted to see you.Q:What happened to the woman?A.She got home before 9 oclock.B.She had a bad cold.C.She had a car accident.D.She was delayed.If it hadnt been snowing so hard,I might have been home by 9 oclock.说明因为雪太大，说话者未能在 9 点前到家。也就是说 she was delayed。(2)对建议的考查 建议题要求同学们掌握建议的各种表达方式，根据建议选择正确选项。如：W:The movie starts in 5 minutes and theres bound to be a long time.M:Why dont we come back for the next show?Im sure it would be less crowded.Q:What is the man suggesting?A.Coming back for a later show.B.Waiting in a queue.C.Coming back in five minutes.D.Not going to the movie today.Why dont?上一种建议表达方式，根据该句所表达的内容可以判断答案是 A。W:We do need another bookshelf in this room.But the problem is the space for it.M:How about moving the old dining table to the kitchen？Q:What does the man suggest they should do?A.Finding a larger room.B.Sell the old table.C.Buy two bookshelves.D.Rearrange some furniture.根据 moving the dining table to the kitchen来判断答案为 D。建议的表达方式还有：Why not?What do you think of?If I were you/If I were in your shoes,I would Shall we?I suggest.Youd better/You ought to.(3)对话题的考查 话题指会话双方所谈论的话题，要求同学们具有概括能力。如：W:Do you want a day course or an evening course?M:Well,it would have to be an evening course since I work during the day.Q:What are they talking about?A.The choice of courses.B.A day course.C.An evening course.D.Their work.两个人谈论的是选白天的课还是晚上的课，由此可以判断答案应该是A。M:I was terribly embarrassed when some of the audience got up and left in the middle of the performance.W:Well,some people just cant seem to appreciate the real-life drama.Q:What are they talking about?A.A movie.B.A lecture.C.A play.D.A speech.从对话中的audience,performance与其说 drama可以判断他们所谈论的是 a play。(4)同义表达方式的考查 高考听力测试中对隐含意思的考查很大程度上依赖于同义表达方式，也就是同学们对具体句式、短语、词组甚至单词的理解。如：M:What do you think of Professor Browns lecture?W:The topic was interesting,but the lecture was much more difficult to follow than I had expected.Q:What does the woman say about the lecture?A.It was a long lecture,but easy to understand.B.It was not as easy as she had expected.C.It was as difficult as she had expected.D.It was interesting and easy to follow.与 much more difficult to follow than I had expected同义的应该是 B。M:Nancy,why were you late today?W:I overslept and missed the bus.Q:Why was Nancy late?A.She got up later than usual.B.The bus was late.C.She forgot she had class.D.Her clock was slow.overslept 也就是 got up later than usual。M:Did you mind coming back by coach instead of by train?W:No,we didnt mind at all.It took a lot longer,but it was very comfortable and it was much cheaper.Q:How did the woman feel about the coming back by coach?A.She felt it was tiring.B.She felt it was very nice.C.She felt it took less time.D.She thought it was expensive.从 comfortable 和 much cheaper来看，女士的感觉应该是 very nice，答案应该是 B。5)上下义概念的考查 有些题尽管问题可能问的是含义之类，但其实考查的是同学们对上下义关系的掌握。如：M:Let me see.Ive printed my family name,first name,date of birth and address.Anything else?W:No,thats all right.Well fill in the rest of it if you just sign your name at the bottom.Q:What has the man been doing?A.Having an interview.B.Filling out a form.C.Talking with a friend.D.Asking for information.上义词为概括性词语，下义词所表示的则是具体的东西。本题中能够概括男士所做之事的应该是选项 B。M:What happened to you?You are so late.W:The bus I took broke down in front of the hospital and I had to walk from there.Q:Why was the woman so late?A.Something went wrong with the bus.B.She took somebody to hospital.C.Something prevented her from catching the bus.D.She came on foot instead of taking a bus.Something went wrong 是对 the bus break down的概括性表述。2短文 该部分共有短文二篇，设 10 个小题，重要考查两方面的内容：1）对主题的判断 (1)提问的方式 主题题通常以下列方式提问：What is the main idea/topic of this passage?What does the passage mainly discuss?What can we learn from the passage?What is the passage mainly about?(2)选项特点 主题题的四个选项一般都以短语的方式出现。如：A.Two types of only children.B.Parents responsibilities.C.The necessity of family planning.D.The relationship between parents and children.A.Environmental pollution and protection.B.Taxes and services for the public.C.Police efforts to protect people.D.Peoples attitude toward taxes.A.The difference between classical music and rock music.B.Why classical music is popular with math students.C.The effects of music on the results of math tests.D.How to improve your reasoning activity.(3)解题技巧 对于这类题，同学们在听的时候应特别注意文章的首句和尾句，首句一般开篇点名主题，而尾句则总结全文，根据这两句进行推断一般可以确定文章的主题。如上面题可根据文章最后一段的尾句解答，请看原文：We use all sort of services without thinking how we get them.But such services cost money.We pay for them through taxes.What would happen if everyone in a city stop paying taxes?The water supply would stop.The street might not be cleaned.There would be no police force to protect people and property.The chief duty of every government is to protect persons and proper-ty.More than three-fourths of the money spent by our government is used for this purpose.The next largest amount of public money goes to teach and train our citizens.Billions of dollars each year are spent on schools and libraries.Public money is used to pay the teachers and other public officials.Years ago the government made money from the sale of public lands.But most of the best public lands has now been sold.The money raised was used to help pay the cost of government.There are still some public lands that contain oil,coal,gas,and other natural products.They could be sold,but we want to save them for future years.So we all must pay our share for the services that make our lives comfortable.从尾句可以看出文章谈论的是人们为什么都应该交税以使我们的生活更加美好。再如题，同学们可以通过文章的开始几句，找到文章的主题。请看原文：Do you have a tough math test coming up?Then listen to some classical piano music just before the test.You might end up with a higher score.Researchers at a university in California conducted an experiment.They asked a group of college students to listen to some piano music by a famous 18th century composer before taking a math test.They were surprised to find that the students scores jumped 8 to 9 points.The music seems to excite nerve activities in the brain;similar to the activity that occurs when a person is figuring out a math problem.However,the scientists warn that before you get too excited about applying the method to your math test,you should remember that brain exciting effects last only 10 or 15 minutes.Would rock music work as well as the piano music did?No,the scientists say.In fact,the less complex music might even interfere with the brains reasoning ability.显然，黑体部分表明了文章的主题，紧接着的实验为支撑细节，用于说明文章的主题。2）对具体事实的判断 (1)提问的方式 对细节的提问通常以 wh-question 的方式出现，主要针对文章的有关人物、事件、地点、时间、原因、目的、数据等。如上面两篇短文的其它几个问题的选项。Whats the chief duty of every government?A.To protect persons and property.B.To collect taxes.C.To teach and train citizens.D.To save natural resources for future use.How did the government raise money in the past?A.By selling services that make life comfortable.B.By selling land containing oil.C.By selling public lands.D.By selling coal and other natural products.Why can classical music play a positive role in problem solving?A.Because it stimulates your nerve activity.B.Because it keeps you calm.C.Because it strengthens your memory.D.Because it improves your problem solving ability.What is one of the findings of the research?A.Piano music could interfere with your reasoning ability.B.The effects of music do not last long?C.The more you listen to music,the higher your test scores will be.D.Music,whether classical or rock,helps improve your memory.(2)选项特点 这种细节判断题以辨认题居多。有可能几个选项在文章中都有所提及，但只要同学们仔细听，注意分别，就能从原文中找到出处。When I was at school,my ambition was to be a pilot in the Air Force.But my eyesight wasnt good enough.So I had to give up that idea.I went to university and studied physics.I wanted to stay on there and do research,but my father died at about that time.So I thought Id better get a job and earn my living.I started working in an engineering firm I expected to stay in that job for a long time.But then,they appointed a new managing director.I didnt get on with him,so I resigned and applied for a job with another engineering company.I would certainly have accepted the job if they had offered it to me,but on my way to the interview I met a friend who was working for a travel agency.He offered me a job in Spain.And Ive always liked Spain,so I took it.I worked in the travel agency for two years and then they wanted to send me to South America.But I had just got married.So I decided to stay here.Then we had a baby and I wasnt earning enough to support the family.So I started giving English lessons at school in the evenings.I liked the English teaching more than working for the travel agency,and then the owner of the school offered me a full-time job as a teacher.So I resigned from the agency.Two years later,the owner of the school wanted to retire,so he asked me to take over as the director.And here I am.14.Why did the man give up studying physics?15.Why did the man resign from the engineering firm?16.Why did the man take the job at the travel agency?17.Why did the man start to teach English part time?很显然本短文要求同学们了解文中的我工作变化的原因。但考试时同学们看不到问题，只能看到选项。在这种情况下，同学们应该做的是：注意问题的顺序与短文所讲故事发生的时间顺序是一致的。一边听，一边判断选项是否符合事实，在短文中是否提到。最后再听问题，这时只是验证一下自己的答案而已。(3)解题技巧 一篇文章，一个主题，内容上完整统一，所有的细节都是围绕主题展开，为主题服务。听力理解所要求的是对文章的整体把握，细节也应该是用于说明主题的主要细节。也就是说，每篇短文的几个题是相互关联的，相互说明的。选择细节理解题时应注意：注意抓主要细节；注意信息的直接辨认，从听力文章中找到信息句；注意各题之间的关联，保证相互说明，不能相互矛盾。高考英语听力的解题技巧 1对话 根据对话听力的设题特点，我认为在解答对话听力理解题时同学们应注意以下几点：1）提前阅读选项，判断问题所属，从而集中精力于有关信息。2）注意根据信息词汇判断地点和说话人的身份职业等。当同学们看到四个地点和职业名词时，大脑中就应该马上出现与这些地点或职业相关的一系列词语，在听的过程中注意提到了什么信息词语，这样就可轻松地判断谈话发生的地点，说话人的职业或身份，以及谈话双方的关系。为此，同学们有必要了解与各种职业和地点行业有关的信息词汇，如：饭店:menu,order,waitress,waiter,take order,go Dutch,Its my treat等；旅馆:check in/out,make a reservation,register,reception desk等；医院:physician,doctor,nurse,operation-room,emergency room,visiting hours,prescribe,pill等；银行：open an account,withdraw,deposit,saving,cash a check等；飞机/机场：flight,safety-belt,boarding card,captain,airhostess,airline,take off,land,crash等等。自己总结。3）注意加减运算，听到的不是答案 在涉及时间、距离、金钱等数量概念的听力中，一般都要求同学们进行加减方面的运算，很少是听到什么就是什么。有时，计算可能会麻烦些，同学们可以先将听到的时间等记下，等有时间再计算。在计算题中应特别注意以下数字的读音差别：13-30 14-40 15-50 16-60 17-70 1
