解析：辽宁省锦州市2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题(解析版).docx

2022-2023学年度第一学期期末考试高二英语注意事项:1.本试卷考试时间为120分钟，满分150分。2 .答题前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。3 .答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡对应题目的答案标号涂黑，如需改 动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其它答题标号：答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上相应区域 内，超出答题区域或写在本试卷上无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。第一节（共5小题：每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅 读一遍。1 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】What will the speakers do next?A. Buy raincoats.B. Go back home.C. Get their umbrellas.【答案】A【解析】【原文】 W: Bad luck! I'm afraid it's going to rain. We forgot to take umbrellas from home. Lefs go and buy two.M: Since we're hiking, it's better to get a raincoat for each of us.W: You're right.2 .【此处可播放相关音频，请去附件查看】When was the Temple of Heaven first built?A. In Yuan Dynasty.B. In Ming Dynasty.C. In Qing Dynasty.【答案】B【解析】原文】W: Tom, was the Temple of Heaven in Beijing first built in Qing Dynasty?M: No. It was first built in 1420, in Ming Dynasty.推理判断题。根据最后一段中 “Jim and I moved through life side by side as a couple, but we，d learned to accept each other's individuality and boundaries as well.（吉姆和我作为夫妻并肩生活，但我们也学会了接受彼此的个 性和界限。）”可知，作者认为在家庭生活中，彼此之间互相接受彼此的个性和界限，这才是重要的。故选BoCArt is a powerful tool for telling a scientific story. Many scientific fields deal with the strangest of the animal kingdom - like creatures with a handful of eyes and bodies so different from our own. Art can help us experience these hard-to-imagine parts of the natural world and shed light on new scientific discoveries.Alia Payne, an interactive arts professor came to the National Museum of Natural History to work with the live jellyfish collections. She always got the same question from visitors, "How do jellyfish stings work?” She had the scientific answer fbr them but found it difficult to explain without a clear visual. Thafs when a lightbulb went off in Payne's mind. She built a 3D model of one of the stinging cells that visitors could touch and interact with. "I've always loved art fbr education/9 said Payne. "We learn more easily when we have something to play and interact with?9While art helps society experience, it also helps scientists understand the natural world. Dr. Karen Osborn, a zoologist at the museum, specializes in the striking creatures of the ocean's largest habitatthe midwater. Midwater creatures are equipped with all sorts of unique features to get them through life in their extreme habitat, and Osborn's research helps us understand how these animals came to be. "So I started learning photography,“ Osborn explained. “It was really important because these animals don't look so great when they're preserved in ajar in the museum's collections.Artistic creativity provides an opportunity to show off the bright colors, attractive body plans and cool adaptations of these creatures to the museum's scientists, visitors and the world. In turn, art connects scientists to their own creativity and aids in their scientific process and the communication of their discoveries. By weaving together science with imagination and storytelling, art helps highlight the beauty of the ocean's creatures even those fit for horror movies and connects people to their innate curiosity for the strangeness of the animal kingdom.28. What can we know about art according to Paragraph 1?A. It is a powerful tool with a scientific story.B. It can help us get close to the natural world.C. It can provide a new view for exploring science.D. It has different eyes and bodies to experience nature.29. What is Payne's purpose of building a 3D model?A. To show off.B. To get a job.C To persuade visitors to buy jellyfish.D. To explain science in a simple way.30. Why does Osborn start learning photography?A. Because he is full of imagination.B. Because he wants to improve his work.C. Because he is attracted by the natural world.D. Because he wants to help scientists understand nature. 31. How does art affect scientists?A. It promotes their creativity.B. It focuses on the scientific process.C. It helps scientists experience society.D. It provides an opportunity for the scientists.【答案】28.C29. D 30. B 31. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要讲述艺术是讲述科学故事的有力工具。【28题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段中 “Art can help us experience these hard-to-imagine parts of the natural world and shed light on new scientific discoveries.（艺术可以帮助我们体验自然界中这些难以想象的部分，并揭示新的科 学发现）”可知，艺术可以为探索科学提供一个新的视角。故选C。【29题详解】推理判断题。根据第二段中 “She had the scientific answer for them but found it difficult to explain without a clear visual.（她对这些问题有科学的答案，但发现如果没有清晰的图像，很难解释清楚）"及"We learn more easily when we have something to play and interact with.（当我们有东西玩和互动时，我们更容易学习）”可 知，Payne建立一个3D模型是为了用一种简单的方式解释科学。故选D。【30题详解】推理判 断题。根据第三段中 Mid water creatures are equipped with all sorts of unique features to get them through life in their extreme habitat, and Osborn's research helps us understand how these animals came to be.（中 水生物具有各种独特的特征，以使它们在极端的栖息地中生存，Osborn的研究帮助我们了解这些动物是如 何形成的）” 以及 “It was really important because these animals don't look so great when they're preserved in a jar in the museum's collections.（这真的很重要，因为这些动物被保存在博物馆收藏的罐子里时,看起来不太 好）”可知，Osborn专门研究具有各种独特的特征的中水生物，但这些生物被保存在博物馆收藏的罐子里 时，看起来不太好，所以他开始学习摄影，这对他的工作有重要意义，由此可推知他学习摄影师为了提高自己的工作。故选B。【31题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段中 “In turn, art connects scientists to their own creativity and aids in their scientific process and the communication of their discoveries.（反过来，艺术将科学家与他们自己的创造力联系起来，并 有助于他们的科学过程和他们的发现的交流）”可知，艺术提高科学家的创造力。故选A。DAs climate change becomes severe summer after summer, millions of people are finding themselves covered in wildfire smoke, including those in North America just this past month. It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing, but we don't talk about that as much.We often use the terms "atmosphere" or climate to refer to the mood of a situation. We use metaphors （比喻） to describe affective states, such as "feeling under the weather" or "on cloud nine”. Such language suggests that we understand that human emotions are intimately related to the atmospheric phenomena. Yet rarely do we pay attention to the ways we feel climate change.But wildfire smoke shows how affective climate change can be. For example, wildfire smoke is often referred to using emotional phrases such as “air of dread”. Through living with the smoke and the panic it generates, we can think more carefully about the ways we experience climate change, and crucially, why and how we need to respond to it.We often think of climate change impacts as far away, separate from our bodies, because science typically uses global representations and statistical information. But wildfire smoke spreads and pollutes our bodies, and indeed, crosses many other boundaries; it drifts from rural areas into big cities; and it crosses state and national borders with ease. Of course, some borders are more permeable （渗透的），and some bodies more sensitive to the smoke.Through its ability to pass through and become part of our very being, wildfire smoke is closer in nature to the air pollution we normally think of as one of the causes of climate change. Wildfire smoke is both an impact and a cause of climate change. It explains the nature of climate change impacts and the self-reinforcing （自我强化） feedback circles that can, and may, lead to the planet warming itself independent of human actions.32. What can we learn about people's reaction to climate change?A. They are curious about it.B. They take it very seriously.C. They feel powerless about it.D. They pay little attention to it.33. What does the underlined word “intimately" in paragraph 2 mean?B. Naturally.D. Unexpectedly.A. Closely.C. Certainly.34. What does the author think of wildfire smoke?A. It allows people to sense climate change.B. It does great harm to people's health.C. It influences people's mood.D. It attracts scientists9 deep concerns worldwide.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Why Smoke from Wildfires Harms UsB How We Can Observe Climate ChangeC. What Smoke from Wildfires Can Teach UsWhat We Can Do to Avoid Smoke from Wildfires【答案】32. D 33. A 34. A 35. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的 认识。【详解】1.推理判断题。根据第一段的 It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing, but we don,t talk about that as much.（它对我们的健康有害。这也很令人不安，但我们很少谈论这个）”和第二段最后一句“Yet rarely do we pay attention to the ways we feel climate change.（然而，我们很少会关注我们对气候变化的 感受）”可知，虽然气候变化会造成野火，且其产生的烟雾会对人们的健康造成损害，但人们很少谈论它， 也很少关注对于气候变化的感受。故选D。2 .词句猜测题。根据第二段的“We often use the terms 'atmosphere9 or 'climate9 to refer to the mood of a situation. We use metaphors （比口俞）to describe affective states, such as "feeling under the weather9 or 'on cloud nine（我们经常使用术语“气氛”或“气候”来指一种情况的气氛。我们用隐喻来描述情感状态，诸如“感觉不舒服”或“飘飘然”）”可知，人们经常使用“空气”或“气候”之类的词汇来指代某种情况下的 情绪；经常用比喻来描述情感状态，如feeling under the weather （感觉不舒服）和on cloud nine （在九霄云 上； 狂喜）。再结合划线词所在句 “Such language suggests that we understand that human emotions are intimately related to the atmospheric phenomena.（这种语言表明，我们可以理解，人类的情感与大气现象intimately相关）”可知，这些语言表明我们人类的情绪与大气现象有着非常密切的关系。由此可知，划线词intimately与closely “密切的”意思相近。故选A。3 .推理判断题。根据第四段的"We often think of climate change impacts as far away, separate from our bodies, because science typically uses global representations and statistical information. But wildfire smoke spreads and pollutes our bodies, and indeed, crosses many other boundaries（我们经常认为气候变化的影响是遥远的，与我 们的身体无关，因为科学通常使用全球描述和统计信息。但是野火的烟雾会扩散并污染我们的身体，事实 上，还跨越了许多其他边界）”可推知，作者认为野火烟雾让人们确切地感受到了气候变化带来的影响。故 选Ao.主旨大意题。根据第段内容“As climate change becomes severe summer after summer, millions of people are finding themselves covered in wildfire smoke, including those in North America just this past month. It is bad for our health. It is also really disturbing, but we don't talk about that as much.（随着气候变化在一个又一个夏天 变得越来越严重，数百万人发现自己被野火烟雾覆盖，包括上个月在北美的那些人。它对我们的健康有 害。这也很令人不安，但我们很少谈论这个）”以及下文可知，文章主要介绍了气候变化导致野火不断，其 产生的烟雾加强了人们对气候变化的认识。由此可知，C项“野火产生的烟雾能教会我们什么"最适合作 为文章的标题。故选C。第二节（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。It can be hard to be enthusiastic about your job after you've been at it for a while. This doesn't necessarily mean you need a new job. There are so many different things you can try to help make your present job feel a little more exciting.Change your routine. 36 The first thing in the morning for you to do is to check your emails. Do you think you really need to do so? Is there a reason why teams always meet at a certain time? Start by questioning the way you've gotten used to doing things. 37Don't be serious with yourself. It's important to take your work seriously, but that doesn't mean you have to take yourself too seriously. Happiness matters. 38 So, allow yourself to have some laughs and some fun with friends at work from time to time.Take a vacation. Just because you feel bored at work, that doesn't mean you aren't also super busy and maybe even stressed. Routine tasks can be both dull and stressful. Stress and tension can affect feelings. 39 Maybe you'd feel less bored at work after having a bit of time to relax yourself.40 A really effective way to add a little freshness to your life is to devote yourself to learning something new every day. It doesn't have to be something big, or something hard. You could just watch a Ted Talk video about a topic that interests you, fbr example. It doesn't even have to relate directly to your job. Just learning one new thing each day should help bring a little excitement to your routine.A. Then, change it up a bit.B. Learn something new every day.C. And, it's important to have fun at work.D. Make more friends while working hard.E. Maybe a vacation would do you some good.F. You don't have to quit your old job to learn something difficult.G. One of the first steps toward shaking things up is to look at your daily pattern.【答案】36. G37. A 38. C 39. E 40. B【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在工作一段时间后，人们很难再对工作充满热情。但是这并不 一定意味着需要一份新工作，作者介绍了很多不同的方法使我们对工作更有激情。【36题详解】根据段首句“Change your routine.（改变你的日常生活）”可知，本段主要内容围绕着每日日常生活。再根据 下文 “The first thing in the morning for you to do is to check your emails. Do you think you really need to do so? Is there a reason why teams always meet at a certain time? Start by questioning the way you've gotten used to doing things.（早晨你做的第一件事是检查你的电子邮件。你认为你真的需要这样做吗？团队总是在特定的 时间会面，这有什么原因吗？从质疑你习惯做事的方式开始）”可知，文章认为需要审视自己的每日日常。 选项 G "One of the first steps toward shaking things up is to look at your daily pattern.（改变现状的第一步就是 看看你的日常生活模式）”与上下文一致。故选G。【37题详解】根据段首句 uChange your routine.（改变你的日常生活）”以及空前 “ Start by questioning the way you've gotten used to doing things.（从质疑你习惯做事的方式开始）”可知，上文希望读者能够考虑之后稍作改变。选项 A “Then, change it up a bit.（那么，稍微改变一下）”符合文意。故选A。【38题详解】根据上文 “It's important to take your work seriously, but that doesn't mean you have to take yourself too seriously. Happiness matters.（认真对待你的工作是很重要的，但这并不意味着你要太认真对待自己。幸福很 重要）” 以及下文 “So, allow yourself to have some laughs and some fun with friends at work from time to time. （所以，允许自己在工作中时不时地和朋友们一起开怀大笑）”可知，作者认为享受乐趣也很重要。选项 C “And, irs important to have fun at work.（而且，在工作中享受乐趣很重要）”与上下文内容一致。故选C。【39题详解】根据段首句“Take a vacation.（去度个假）”可知，作者建议在工作之余去度假。空后“Maybe yoifd feel less bored at work after having a bit of time to relax yourself.（也许在有一点时间放松自己之后，你工作时就不会那 么无聊了）”推知，空处指出度假是一件让人放松的事情。选项E "Maybe a vacation would do you some good. （也许度假会对你有好处）”提议读者放个假，与下文内容一致。故选E。【40题详解】 空处为段首句，为本段中心句。根据下文 u A really effective way to add a little freshness to your life is to devote yourself to learning something new every day. It doesn't have to be something big, or something hard. You could just watch a Ted Talk video about a topic that interests you, for example. It doesn't even have to relate directly to your job. Just learning one new thing each day should help bring a little excitement to your routine.（给 你的生活增添一点新鲜感的一个真正有效的方法是每天致力于学习一些新东西。不一定是什么大事，也不 一定是什么难事。例如，你可以看一个关于你感兴趣的话题的Ted Talk视频。它甚至不必与你的工作直接相关。每天只学一件新东西就能给你的日常生活带来一点兴奋）”可知，本段主要内容为，每天学点新东 西。选项B uLearn something new every day.（每天学点新东西）”与下文内容一致。故选B。第三部分 语言运用（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。13-year-old Abraham was born with a rare blood disorder and needed a bone marrow （骨髓）transplant. Abouta year later, he 41 better news: His transplant was successful, and he 42 for Make-A-Wish, an organization that grants wishes to children with serious 43.Abraham wanted a long-lasting 44、and he shared with his mom the idea. "I remember we were cominghome from one of his doctor's 45 and he said, "Mom, I really want to 46 the homeless,'" Abraham's mom, Miriam, told CBS News. "I said, 'Are you sure Abraham? Are you sure you don't want a PlayStation? He was sure to provide food for the homeless. "So we weren't going to 47 an opportunity like that because we always tried to instill （灌输） 48 into our children/9 Miriam said.In September, 2021, Make-A-Wish helped Abraham organize a day to hand out 49 food in Jackson, Mississippi, with food and