高中英语北师大版必修一知识点总结2（分单元编排）.doc

高中英语必修一知识点Unit 1Friendshipbe goodto 对.友好addup 合计anothertime 改时间get sthdone 使被做calmdown 镇定下来have gotto 不得不beconcerned about 关心；挂念walk thedog 遛狗make alist of 列出share sthwith sb 和某人分享某物gothrough 经历；仔细检查hideaway 躲藏；隐藏setdown 放下；记下a seriesof 一系列；一套be crazyabout 对着迷onpurpose 故意in orderto/ so as to 为了face toface 面对面地accordingto 按照；根据所说get alongwith 与相处packup 收拾，打理行装havetrouble with sb/sth 同某人闹意见；做有困难fall inlove 相爱throwaway the friendship 放弃/终止友谊tryout 试验；试用joinin 参加（活动）communicatewith sb 和交际far andwide 到处look tosth 注意，留心某事cheat sb(out) of sth 骗取某人某物havethe/a habit of doing sth 有做的习惯 beignorant of 无知的1.Iwonder if 我想知道是否.2.Itsbecause 这是因为. 此从句中because不能用since或as代替3.Whatdo you think a good friend should be like? 你认为一个好朋友应该是什么样的呢？4.Whilewalking the dog, you were careless and it got loose and was hit by a car. =While you were walking the dog, 在遛狗时，你不小心让狗挣脱了绳子，结果狗被车撞了。（当while, when, before, after 等引导的时间状语从句中的主语与主句的主语一致时，可将从句中的主语和be动词省去。）5.Do youwant a friend whom you could tell everything to, like your deepest feelings andthoughts? 你想有一位无话不谈、能推心置腹的朋友吗？6.Ihavent been able to be outdoors for so long that Ive grown so crazy abouteverything to do with nature.我已经很久不能去户外，所以我变得对自然界的所有东西都很感兴趣。7.I canwell remember that there was a time when a deep blue sky, the song of birds,moonlight and flowers could never have kept me spellbound. 我记得非常清楚，曾有一段时间，湛蓝的天空、鸟儿的歌唱、月光和鲜花，从未使我心醉神迷过。8.It wasthe first time in a year and a half that Id seen the night face to face. 这是我一年半以来第一次目睹夜晚。9.Iwould be grateful if you could give me some advice. 如果您给我提些建议，我会非常感谢的。 （Iwould be grateful if 委婉客气提出请求）10.Itsa good habit for you to keep a diary. 记日记对你来说是个好习惯。11.Shefound it difficult to settle and12.Thisseries of readers is very interesting.13.Afriend in need is a friend indeed.14.People are told that their actions should be as gentle as the wind that blowsfrom the sea.Unit2English around the worldinways 在方面 bedifferent from 与不同play arole/ part (in) 在中担任角色；在中起作用;扮演一个角色；参与play animportant role/ part 在中起重要作用 because of 因为；由于such as 例如believeit or not 信不信由你come up(vi) 走进；上来；发生；被讨论come upwith 提出come upto a place 参观某地everbefore 从前at theend of 在末期even if/though 即使be basedon 在.基础上close to 距离近make(good/ full) use of （好好/充分）利用changeinto把变成in theearly days 在早期from oneplace to another 从一处到另一处takewith随身携带thesameas 与相同的atpresent 目前as a rule通常；照例bepresent at 在席；出席carry outa rule 执行规则be absentfrom 缺席be anative of 是人presentsth to sb / present sb with sthbe nativeto 是的土产动物/植物at sbsrequest 应某人的要求have a commandof掌握make arequest 请求givecommands 命令requestthat (should)+v原形in onedirection 朝一个方向aninternational language 一门国际语言 an international organization 一个国际组织in the 1600s = in the 1600sas weknow 正如我们所知1.However, they may not be able to understand everything.（然而，他们可能不是什么都懂。）2.Thisis because Britain ruled India from 1765 to 1947.(这是因为英国于1765年到1947年统治过印度。)3.Alllanguages change when cultures communicate with one another.(当不同文化互相沟通时，所有的语言都会发生变化。)4.Whatthe British call “petrol” the Americans call “gas”.(美国人把被英国人称作“petrol”的东西称作“gas”。 此处what引导宾语从句)5.Actually, it was based more on German than present day English.(实际上，当时的英语更多地是以德语为基础的，而现代英语不是。)6.thosewho reported the news were expected to speak excellent English.7.The USis a large country in which many different dialects are spoken.(inwhich= where, 其引导定语从句。 美国是一个大国，国内说着许许多多的方言。)8.thereis more than one kind of English in the world.(morethan one+单数可数名词，作主语时，谓语用单数)9.It isnot easy for a Chinese person to speak English as well as a native Englishspeaker.(对于一个中国人来说把英语说得跟以英语为母语的人一样好是不容易的。)句型：It is + adj/n+ for sb to do sth 对于某人来说做某事是扩充：It is + adj+ of /for sb to do sth当句式中形容词修饰to do sth 时用for; 若形容词修饰sb，则用of.eg: Itskind of you to help me carry the box.附：1. eitheror和neithernor连接两个名词作主语，谓语动词采取就近原则。2.bedifferent in强调在某方面的不同bedifferent from 强调在各方面的不同3. in the end 最后，最终 后无of结构三个表示最后最终的用法：finally:按照顺序的最后，常与first, secondly 等连用at last:经过长时间等待直到最后in theend: 经过长期曲折斗争努力，终于 如：战争等4.与人交谈，常会有听不清楚或听不懂的情形，遇到这种情况该如何开口呢？Pardon?I begyour pardon? I dont understand./ Sorry, I cant follow you.对不起，我没听懂，请再说一遍好吗？Couldyou say that again, please? / Could you repeat that, please? 请再说一遍好吗？Couldyou speak more slowly, please? 请你说得慢一点好吗？5.include including; includedidentity identifyactually actual (adj); rapidly rapid (v)government(n) govern(v)wide(adj) widen (v); broad (adj) broaden (v)foreign foreigner;solve (v) solution (n)6. petrol-gas ;lift-elevator;flat-apartmentfilm-movie; sweets-candy;post-mail Unit3Travel Journalone-wayfare 单程票 round-tripfare 往返票dream of/about doing sth 梦想做某事 graduatefrom 从毕业go forlong bike rides 做长途自行车旅行persuadesb to do sth= persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某事persuadesb not to do sth= persuade sb out of doing sth 说服某人不做某事get sbinterested in 使某人对 感兴趣insist on(ones) sth/ doing sth 一定要；坚持要the bestway of doing sth/ the best way to do sth 干某事的最好办法at an altitudeof 在海拔上 attitudeto/ toward(s) 对态度careabout 忧虑，关心 care for喜欢，照顾 care todo愿意/同意做某事changeones mind 改变主意 to mymind = in my opinionmake upones mind to do 决心干某事determineto do sth ( 动作) / be determined to do sth （心理） 决心干某事give in(to) 投降；屈服；让步 give in(vt) 上交give up 放弃 give updoing/sthas usual 像往常一样 atmidnight 午夜make camp野营，宿营 put upones tents 搭起帐篷sth befamiliar to sb某事为某人所熟悉 sb befamiliar with sth某人熟悉某事cantwait/ can hardly wait to do sth 迫不及待想干某事for onething for another （用来引出某事的理由）一则 二则takeones breath away 使某人大吃一惊1.It wasmy sister who first had the idea to cycle along the Mekong River.强调句基本句型：it is/ was.that.其中指人时可用who(主)，whom(宾)。2.Although she didnt know the best way of getting to places, she insisted thatwe (should) find the source of the river.insistthat.(should)+ v原形 坚持要；坚持要求insistthat.陈述语气 坚持说；坚持认为3.Haveyou ever seen snowmen ride bicycles? (metaphor)4.Toclimb the mountain road was hard work but to go down the hills was great fun.5.Goodluck on your journey.6.Thelake shone like glass in the moonlight.(simile)Unit4 Earthquakeshave timeto do 有时间做某事 happen todo 碰巧做某事shakehands with sb 握手 burstinto tears/ laughter burst outcrying/laughing突然哭/笑起来 in ruins 成为废墟 cutacross 穿过、横穿blow away吹走、刮走 fall down倒塌rescueworkers 救援人员 bepleased to do 乐意做某事make/give a speech 发表演说 judging.from根据来判断tens ofthousands of 成千上万 dig out 挖掘a great/large number of =a great many/good 大量的betrapped in/ under 陷入/ 陷在下面the highschool speaking competition 高中演讲比赛have sbdo sth= make sb do sth= let sb do sth 让某人做某事come toan end (vi) = put/ bring sth to an end = put/ bring an end to sth 结束某事be proudof / take pride in 以而自豪invite sbto do sth 邀请某人做某事 thinklittle of 对评价低 invite sbfor/ to sth thinkhighly of 对评价高one-third1/3 two-thirds 2/3 seventy-fivepercent 75%agreewith sb give out 发出（气味等）；分发；耗尽agree tosth give off 发出（气味等）agree todo sth give away赠送；泄露agree onsth 达成一致意见 give back归还rightaway= right now= at once= immediately 立刻as youknow 正如你所知道的 be knownas 作为而知名as isknown to all 众所周知 be knownfor 因而出名as couldbe expected 正如可以预料到的 it isuseless doing sth 干某事是无用的happen=take place= come about= break out偶发 有计划 偶发 战争等爆发1.It isalways calm before a storm.2.Now,imagine there has been a big earthquake.此句为There be 句型3.Miceran out of the fields looking for places to hide. 现在分词表伴随4.Itseemed that the world was at an end.5.Water,food and electricity were hard to get.句型：主语+ be + adj + to do 其中todo 用主动形式表示被动含义6.Allhope was not lost. all 与not 连用 表示部分否定7.Itsnever too late to learn. 活到老，学到老。附：分词用法 之 作定语fallingleaves 正在落的叶子 boilingwater 正在沸腾的水fallenleaves 已经落在地上的叶子 boiled water 开水Unit5Nelson Mandela-a modern heroloseheart 丧失勇气worryabout 担心（动作）loseones heart to sb/sth 爱上，喜欢上beworried about 担心（状态）introuble 处于不幸中besentenced to 被判处be out ofwork = lose ones job 失业be equalto 相等的，平等的as amatter of fact = in fact = actually 事实上 beg for 乞讨blow up 充气，爆炸set up 建立，创立；设置，竖起send up 发射，使上涨set about着手做某事 (set about doing sth)go up 上升，增长；被兴建set off 出发，动身set up 设立，建立；设置，竖起set out 陈列，摆出；开始（set out to do sth）be activein = take an active part in 积极参与，在活跃keep sbfrom doing sth阻止某人做某事 die for 为而死stop sb(from) doing sthdie from 死于（外因）preventsb (from) doing sthdie of 死于（内因 如：饥饿，寒冷，疾病等）put sb inprison= throw sb into prison= send sb to prison 把投入监狱advise sbto do sth 建议某人做某事advice 不可数 apiece of adviceadvisedoing sthfight for为争取而斗争advise sbon sthfightagainst 为反对而斗争advisethat (should)+ v原fightwith 同并肩作战/同斗争haveproblems/ difficulty/ trouble with sthwork out 算出haveproblems/ difficulty/ trouble (in) doing sth have a go= have a trybewilling to do sth 乐于做某事realizeones dream of 实现 的梦想answerviolence with violence 以暴制暴break thelaw 违反法律come topower 当权，上台socialactivities 社会活动equal(adj)-equally (adv)-equality (n) violence (n)-violent (adj)cruelty(n)-cruel (adj)-cruelly (adv)educated(adj)-education (n)willing-unwilling不愿意的active-inactive不活跃的1.Onlythen did we decide to answer violence with violence.only 放在句首且后接状语时（作状语：副词；介词短语；状语从句），要使用部分倒装-才用一般疑问句语序。Only yesterdaydid his father tell him the truth.Only whenhis father came back did he go to bed.（从句无需倒装，主句要倒装）2.Hestrongly believed in the three principles: nationalism; peoples rights;peoples livelihood.他主张三民主义：民主、民权、民生。3.I feltbad the first time I talked to the group.the firsttime 用法相当于连词用法，用来引导从句链接：Its the first time that 现在完成时It wasthe first time that 过去完成时4.Hetaught us during the lunch breaks and the evenings when we should have beenasleep.shouldhave done 本应做而未做neednthave done 本不应做而做了canthave done 过去不可能做过7