高考非谓语动词课件 英语.pdf

非谓语 动 词考 点归 纳动 谓语动 词词实意动 词/行为动 词(vt./vi)厂 run sing learn say write连系动 词am is are was wereY look sound seem get turn助动 词do does did have has will不 定式(to do)l 非谓语动 词1|动名 词（V ing）分 词(V-ing I V-ed)非谓语动 词使 用 条件一个句 子 当中，已 经 存在一个主句（谓语动 词）.又 没有 连词 的 情况下,还 有别 的动 词出 现 时。She got off the bus,leaving her handbag on her seat.She got off the bus,but left her handbag on her seat.、不 定式（一）,不 定式 的语 法形式动 词不 定式无人 称和 数 的变化，但 有时态和 语 态 的变化.时态 语 态 主动 语 态 被动 语 态一 般 式 to write to be writen进行 式 to be writing完成式 to have writtento have been written完成 进行 式to have been writing（二）.不 定式 的句 法功 能具 有名 词、形容 词和副 词的特 征，可充 当成分:主 语,宾 语,宾 语补足语,表语,定 语,状语.1.作主 语侧 重于动作 的具体 性和 将来性To talk with you is a great pleasure.To mid the building took him a lot of time.但为使句 子平 衡，常 用it代 它作主 语,把它 移到句 子后 部去.It is a great pleasure to talk with you.It took him a lot of time to find the building.2.作 宾 语 A.跟不 定式作 宾 语的 常 见动 词：(1)hope,want,expect,wish,desire 等表 希望，想要的动词(2)like,love,dislike,hate 等表 好恶 的动 词(3)plan,intend,mean,prepare 等表 计 戈ll,打 算的动 词(4)decide,determine 等表决 定 的动 词(5)其他动 词 afford,fail,manage,try arrange dare,help,promise refuse learn offer、agree forget,bother I want to do it myself.Our teacher promised to see the film with us.B.常 跟疑问词+不 定式作 宾 语的动 词：tell,advise,show,teach,find out,decide,discuss,learn,explain.He taught us how to use the tool.No one could tell me where to get the book.I hope youll advise me what to do.C.常 跟 形式宾 语的动 词 有些及 物动 词需要后 接”宾 语+宾 补”意思才 完整.作 宾 语的动 词不 定式 还 带有 自 己 的补足 语，常 用it 替代，而将其移到补足语后.Consider,feel,make find,believe,know,regard.We think it important to obey the law.I know it impossible to finish so much homework in a day.3.作 表语 A.表示 按 计划和 安排发 生的事 情 He is to marry Rose.B.表示主 语的内 容，但侧 重于 目的 性 Her wishes was to become an artist.c.表示 情态意义（应 该,必 须）The form is to be filled in and returned within a week.She is to blame.4,不 定式作 定 语 A.表即将发生的 情况 Charles Lindbergh is the first man to fly the Atlantic alone.（主 谓关 系）She has a good chance to go to colleges（同位 关 系）He has got lots of questions to ask（动 宾关 系）注意:1.如不 定式与 它所修 饰的词 有动 宾关 系,而这个不 定式又 是不及 物动 词,它后 面 应有 必要的介词.There is nothing to worry about 2,不 定式所修 饰的名 词 是不 定式 的动作 所发 生的 地点或所使 用的 工具 时,它后 面要 带上 必要的介词.I need a pen to write with.He is looking for a room to live in B.常跟不定式作定语的名词 need,time,way,chance,opportunity,courage,reason,decision,wish.Is that the best way to solve the problem?They had no chance to go to school in those years.Our decision to wait was wise.5.不 定式作 宾 语补足语 跟不 定式作 宾 语补足语的动 词 A.let,have,make,get 等表使 役 的动 词 They made us go with them.(比 较：They made a lot of paper flowers to decorate the room.)注意：Let/have/make sb.do;get sb.to do They got us to go with them.B.ask,tell,request,order 等表要 求，命令 的动 词 The chairman requested the members to be silentMy teacher asked me to go there on time.C.allow,permit,forbid 等表许可 或 禁 止 的动 词 The guard forbade me to enter.D.wish,want,expect,intend 等表 希望 的动 词（hope 无此 用 法）Many parents expect their children to study abroad.E.see watch notice look at find observe hear listen to、feel 等表 感官 的动 词（六 看二听一 感 觉）I noticed tears come into his eyes.We often hear her sing the song at home.注：这些 词后 的不 定式 均不 带to F-think,consider,find,believe,suppose,know,understand,take 后 常跟不 定式作 宾 补(常 用to be 结 构)I consider him(to be)one of the best singers in the country.He proved himself(to be)a good teacher.She is believed to have gone to the USA.G.其他动 词 advise,help,persuade,encourage,warn,cause,force,remind Please remind me to take the raincoat.He advised me to read English as often as possible.6.不 定式作 状语1)不 定式作 目的状语Tim sat near the fire to get warm.The athletes practised hard to win the match.为强调作作 目的状语的不定式,常用in order(not)to,so as(not)to 短语前 者可 放在句 首，也 可 放在句中;后 者只 能 放在句中 2,不 定式作 结 果 状语作结果状语的不定式常 用于一些 固定搭 配中如:too to,enough to,only to,never to,so+形容 词/副 词+as to,such+名 词+as to do 弓|导。I lifted a stone,only to fall down my feet.I tried the door,only to find it locked inside.（强 调 意外 结 果）He is brave enough to go out alone at night It is too heavy to carry.3).不 定式作原 因 状语常放在 表示 心 理 感 觉的 形容 词后，说 明产 生这 种 情 绪的原 因I am happy to see you.She was sad to hear the bad news.Im anxious/eager to know the result常 用的 形容 词 有able,content,willing,free,happy,glad Jucky,sorry,angry,sad,rude,foolish,clever（三）,不 定式 的省略现象 1）不 定式在感官动 词see,hear,feel,watch,notice,look at,listen to,overhear,observe 和使 役动 词have,make,let后作 宾 语补足 语时，不 定式 省略to。例 I watched him disappear in the distance.但 这种句 子如果变为 被动 结 构，有to They were made to work day and night.Someone was heard to come up the stairs.2）介 词but,except,besides后 接不 定式作 宾 语 时，介 词前 有 行为动 词do,不 定式 要 省去to。例 We did nothing but/except wait then.反之，则不 能省略 Ive no choice but to stay here.3）不 定式在 系动 词后作 表语 时,当主 语部 分 有 行为动 词do,作 表语的不 定式to可 省 略。例:What I want to do now is find some books to read.4）有两个以上 的不 定式并列 在一 起 时，第二 个不 定式 的to可以 省略 I promise to finish my homework and hand it on time.5）当作 宾 语的不 定式 重 复时,只保 留to Do you want to have a rest?一Yes,I want to,but I cant.但 当to后 面的动 词 是be 或have 时，票保 留不 定式后 的be 或have 一Are you a sailor?一 No,but I used to be(a sailor).一 Does she have much money?一 No,but she used to have.6）在固定 词组和句 型中 省略to A-had better do/had better not do Youd better not see him.B.would rather do sth.than do sth.They would rather try and fail than give up the plan C-cannot but do sth.cannot choose but do sth.cannot help but do sth.“不 得不 As the last bus had gone,I could not but walk there.He cannot help but admit that he was wrong.D.why not do sth?表 建 议 why do sth?表责 备 Why not do it right now?E.prefer to do sth,rather than do sth.We preferred to put the meeting off rather than hold it without adequate preparation.（四）,不 定式 的 时态 不 定式 的 时态形式一 般包 括四 种:一 般 式，完 成式,进行 式和 完成 进行 式 1）不 定式 的一 般 式（to do）一 般 式 表示的动作（状 态）和 谓语动作同 时（或几乎同 时）发 生,或在其后发 生 They decided to hold another meeting to discuss the problem.Do you have anything to do this afternoon?2)不 定式 的进行 式(to be doing)表示不 定式 的动作和主句 的动作同 时发 生 He is said to be playing a part in the film.They seem to be getting along quite well.3)不 定式 的 完成式(to have done)A.表示不 定式中 谓语动 词动作发 生 在主句 的谓语 动作之前。The novel was said to have been published.I regret to have been with you for so many years.He seemed to have finished his work.不 定式 的 完成式常 用 在be said、be believed be reported,be considered5 be thought、be known be supposed 或seem、appear hope,pretend 等 动 词之后止匕 夕卜，glad、happy satisfied sorry surprised disappointed,后也 接完成式时，但 要 注意与一 般 时 的区别。Im sorry to keep you waiting for a minute.对不 起，请稍等。（说话 时 还 未 等）Pm sorry to have kept you waiting.对不 起，让你久等了。（说话 时已 等了很久）B）表原本打 算做，但 未 能 实 现的事 I meant to have invited you to my house yesterday.They planned to have been married in May but had to put it off till June.I would like to have gone to the party,but I was too busy.常 用于 这一句 型 的动 词还 有 hoped/promised/wanted/wished/expected/planned.+to have done sth.C）用于 某些 情态动 词的后 面表示 对 过去事 情 的 推断或 虚 拟假 设.如：You must have met him yesterday.She cant have gone to Beijing,has she?They should/ought to have come here yesterday.4)不 定式 的 完成 进行 式(to have been doing)如果所 说的动作发 生于 谓语动作之前，且一 直 在 继续，则 要用 完成 进行 式They seemed to have been talking about the problem all the afternoon.（五）,不 定式 的语 态 当一个不 定式 逻辑上 的主 语 是不 定式动作 的 承受 者,这个不 定式一 般要用被动 形式 You are to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow,He asked to be sent to work there.不 定式 的被动 形式在句中可作主 语，宾 语,表语,补足语，定 语，状语.1）用作句 子 的真 正主 语。如：It is an honour for me to be asked to speak here.It is necessary for us to be constantly reminded of our shortcomings.2）用作 某些动 词的 宾 语。如：He asked to be sent to work in Tibet.He hated to be flattered 3）用作 表语。如：What I want is to be left alone.The question is what is to be done next.4）用作 宾 语补足语。如：He wanted the letter to be typed at once.They didnt expect the book to be so well received.5）用作主 语补足语。如：The books are not allowed to be taken out of the reading-room The date is expected to be announced before long,o 6）用作名 词的后 置 定 语。如：Are you going to the banquet to be given at the embassy?It will be the first such project to be designed by Chinese engineers.7）用作 状语。如：The actor is going onto the stage to be awarded.She was not old enough to be given such heavy work.It was a good thing for him to have been criticized.（表示 已 经发 生的被动动 作）有关不 定式 被动 结 构 的特 殊情况 不 定式有时 用主动 语 态 表示被动含义 1）在there be句 型中 There is no time to lose.There is something to pay attention to.2）当不 定式修 饰want,have 等动 词的 宾 语，而句 子 的主 语 是不 定式 的逻辑主 语 时 用主动 语 态 表示被动含义 We have no homework to do.Mary has three children to look after.3）当不 定式修 饰buy,get,give 等动 词的 宾 语，而间 接宾 语 是不 定式 的逻辑主 语 时 用主 动 语 态 表示被动含义 Please buy me some newspapers to read.PH give you some novels to read on the journey.4)当不 定式和其 逻辑主 语 是 被动关 系，但不 定式前 有形容 词 时，不 定式 用主动 语 态 表示 被动含义(常见的：easy,hard,difficult,fit,heavy,comfortable,.)This job is hard to do.He is not easy to convince.他不 容易 被说 服(六),不 定式 的其他 常 见句 型 1)It is+adj+for/of sb.to do sth.It is important for us to express our opinious.It is clever of him to work out the problem.2)It is a pleasure/pity/an honor.to do sth It is an honor to have a talk with you.3)It takes/took sb.some time to do sth.It takes me an hour to finish the book.4)too+adj./adv.for sb.to do sth.The book is too hard for the boy to read.注:有时too 在 结 构中 表very Im too glad to see you.5)be about to do 表要发 生的事，它比be going to 的 时 间 更 短 更快.He was about to start.（七）,不 定式 的独立 成分 To tell the truth,to be frank（with you）（坦 白 对 你 说/老 实 说），to make matter worse值 糟的 是），to be sure（不可否 认）,to be exact（确 切加 说），to be honest（馈 实 话）,to put it another way（换 言之）,to be brief（间言一）To be frank,you are lying.To make matter worse,it began to turn dark.To tell the truth,I don9t think the film is good.不 定式在九个 感官动 词see,hear,feel,watch,find,notice,listen to,look at,observe,三 个使 役动 词let,have,make 等后作 宾 补 时,to 要 省略不 定式 运用口 诀本 领 最多不 定式,样样成分 都能 干,大家千万 要 当心,作主 宾时 用“让”,九个 感官三使 役,疑问词后 接上 它,逻辑主 语不 定式,to前not 是否 定,主 表 宾 补 定和 状。只 有 谓语 它不 敢。有时它把句 型改,自 己在后 把 身藏。宾 补要 把to 甩 开;宾 语从句可充 当;不 定式前for sb;各 种用 法区别 开。:、动名 词（一）,动名 词的语 法形式 动名 词 无人 称和 数 的变化，但 有时态和 语 态 的变化.时态 语 态 主动 语 态 被动 语 态一 般 式 doing being done完成式 having done having been done（二卜动名 词的句 法功 能具有名词的特 征,可充 当成分：主 语 宾 语表语 定 语1.动名 词作主 语 Seeing is believing.Playing chess is fun Its no use waiting here.动名 词作主 语，也可 用it作 形式主 语.但只 限于下 面句 型：1）动名 词 在“It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure 等名 词+doing”结 构中作主 语，it为 形式主 语。例 如：It is no good writing to him;he never answers letters.It is no use talking too much.2）动名 词 在“It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile 等 形容 词+doing”结 构中作主 语。例 如：It is nice playing chess after supper.It is useless sending him there.3）动名 词 在 uThere is（was）no+doing”结 构中作主 语。例 如：There is no denying（不可否 认）that she is very efficient.2.动名 词作 表语 动名 词作表语起名词作用，表示主 语的内 容,这 时动 名 词和主 语的位 置 是可以交 换 的。The nurses job is looking after the patients.=Looking after the patients is the nurses job Four skills of English learning are listening,speaking,reading and writing.=listening,speaking,reading and writing are four skills of English learning.注：动名 词和不 定式 都可以作主 语 或 表语,没有太大区别.在 表示经 常习 惯性动作 多 用 动名 词；在 表示具体 某次动作,特别 是将来 的动作 时,多 用不 定式.Their job is building houses.Our task now is to increase food production.3.动名 词作 定 语.魏咽 解 富 晾 鳌雷 耀饰的 词 没有 a racing car=a car that is used to race a swimming pool=a pool that is used to swim in a swimming boy=a boy who is swimming 单个 现 在分 词作 定 语，放在 被修 饰的词语 普；现 在分 词短语作 定 语，放在 被修 饰的词语后；Do you know the person speaking to our boss?The boy sitting under the tree is reading.4.动名 词作 宾 语1）动名 词作动 词 宾 语下 动 词后只 能 接动名 词：建议完 成 练习 suggest,advise,finish9 practise,喜 欢 考虑 感激 enjoy,consider,appreciate 想 象原 谅错过imagine,pardon,excuse,forgive,miss,允 许介 意 逃避allow,permit,mind,escape,avoid,delay,keep,risk,recommend,admit 0 I cant imagine marrying a girl of that sort I recommend buying the dictionary.Will you admit having broken the window?有些动 词短语后也 要 求 跟动名 词作 宾 语。常 这 样 用的动 词短语 有：leave off（停 止）,put off,give up,look forward to,feel like5 have trouble/difficulty（in）doing sth.devote to,get used to,pay attention to,be fond o%stick to,be worth,cant stand（不 能 忍受）,cant help.He put off making a decision till he had more information.Do you feel like taking a walk?2）动名 词作介 词 宾 语 注意：介 词后 如果 需要非谓语动 词作 宾 语，只 能 是动名 词，不可 用不 定式.Are you good at playing football?其他介 词不 易 错，重 点是介 词t。.因为不 定式 符号也 是t。，所以一 定 要记住 有关 的短语.look forward to,devote.to,get used to,pay attention to,stick to,on ones way to 这些 短语中 的to 都 是介 词.I am used to watching TV in the evening.Were so mush looking forward to seeing you again.动名 词与不 定式作 宾 语的区别 1）remember to do/doing 记 得去做/记 得做 过 Do remember to tell your mother.I remember telling my mother.2）regret to do 抱歉/表遗 憾地（说）+doing）表后 悔 I regret to say/tell I must leave tomorrow.I regret not having told her earlier.3)mean to do/doing 计划，打 算做/意味 着 Where do you mean to go in your vacation?Missing the train means waiting for another hour.4)try to do/doing 尽力做/试着做 The boy tries to learn English well.The man lost the key,so he tried opening the door with a new key.5)go on to do/doing 继续做一件与前 面内 容不同 的事/继续做一件与前 面内 容一 致的事 She waved to me and went on painting.The old man read a poem,then went on to tell a story.6)forget to do/doing 忘了 要做 某事/忘了做 过 某事 She forgot to bring the purse with her.She forgot bringing the purse with her.7)stop to do/doing 停下 来做另一件事/停 止做 某事 After riding a bike for an hour,I stopped to walk.They talked loudly.I told them to stop talking.8)like/love/hate to do/doing 做具体 的事 情/表习 惯 I like reading but I hate to read on Sunday.The boy hates getting up late,but he likes to get up late when he is free.（三）,动名 词的 复合 结 构 动名 词前可以加一个 物主代 词 或名 词 所有 格来 表示这个动名 词逻辑上 的主 语，构成 动名 词的 复合 结 构或动名 词短语 Do you mind my reading your paper?Their coming to help was a great encouragement to us.Roses going wont be of much help.如果动名 词的 复合 结 构不 是句 子主 语，这 个 结 构常 用名 词 普 通 格或人 称代 词 宾格 I dont mind Jack(him)going.She hates young people(them)smoking.（四）.动名 词的时态动名 词 有两 种 时态A.动名 词的一 般 式(doing)通 常 表示一 般 性 的动作 或与 谓语同 时发 生 I am used to watching TV in the evening.They are interested in climbing mountains.B动名 词的 完成式(having done)动名 词的动作 在 谓语动作之前发 生 常 用 动名 词的 完成式 She regret not having studied the computer hard.He didnt mention having met me.（五）,动名 词的语 态 当一个动名 词逻辑上 的主 语 是动名 词动作 的 承受 者,这个动名 词一 般要用被动 形式 1.用作句 子 的主 语。如：His being neglected by the host added to his uneasiness.主人 对他 的冷 漠使他 更 加不 舒 服。So being killed by sharks was a common occurrence.因止匕 被鲨鱼吃 掉是 经 常发 生的事。2.用作动 词 宾 语 或介 词 宾 语。如：He didnt mind being left at home.She couldnt bear being made fun of like that.We congratulated him on his being admitted to the Party.They insisted on their being treated as ordinary workers.注:如果 表示的动作 在 谓语表示的动作之 前发 生 有时 需要用动名 词的 完成 被动 式(having been done)I dont remember having ever been given a chance to try this method.但多数情况下避免使用动名词的完成 被动 式，以免句 子显得 累赘(六).动名 词句 型 1.It is no use/no good/fun/a waste of time/a good pleasure+doing(1)It is no use talking too much.(2)It is no good crying.2.It is useless/nice/good/interesting/worthwhile It is worthwhile discussing the question again.3.There is(was)no+doing There is no knowing(不可 能知道 说 清)what has happended.4.There is no need/use/good/harm/hurry+doing There is no harm pointing out his mistakes.5.sb.spend some time(in)doing sth.I spent three weeks reading the book.6.be worth doing sth.The book is well worth reading again.7.want/need/require+