英语期末复习.pdf

考试题型I Listening Comprehension（20%）A Short Coversation（10%,1 分 1 题）提 前 浏 览，有备而听 分 析 选 项，预测内容 边 听 边 选，不要走神 注重听第2个人的话，答案往往在第2个人的话里B Passages（10%,1 分 1 题）同做对话听力题一样，必须注意浏览选项来预测所考内容。注意主题句和关联词。注意辨判细节。（数字、时间、人名、地名、组织机构名称等）注意听清问题。II Vocabulary（15%,0.5 分 1 题）Unit 1-6课文A:最接近划线词组III Reading Coprehension（20%,1 分 1 题）四篇文章 时间分配问题：40分 钟；22+18：T+4+5”阅读速度太 慢：分清主次关系。下面几点是重点要注意的方面，a段落首末b转折性语言c因果关系 d比较关系太 快：边看边做标记IV Translation(30%)A英 译 中:(5段 话，4分1段)内容选自Unit1-6课文AB中译英：(5个 句 子，2分1句)每句中含有一个Unit1-6课文A中的短语或生词V Writing(15%)阅 读1篇 文 章：A加小标题(5%)关键词重复出现找主题句 不 用 句 子，而用短语B Summarize the main idea(5%)找每段的主题句，加关联词连起来，最后加一个总结C Give your own opinion on the topic不偏题UnitlIWords and expressions1 scramble=struggle=compete 竞争2 company=firm=business=venture=corporate 公 司，企业3 一年半载 the next six months to a year4 come from=stem from=derive from 源于5 complacency=statisfaction 满 足，安逸 complancent=statisfied6 瞬息万变 a rapidly changing7 work=useful=function 彳 亍 得 通8 未 必，不一定 not necessarily9 tear apart=throw away=discard 抛弃10 lull:calm ones fear esp.by deception 哄骗be lulled to do sth被忽悠做(?)be lulled into sth 被.欺骗 eg.be lulled into a false sense ofsecurity11 capitalize on=take advantage of 利用12 gourmet=delicious=tasty 美 味 的;美食家13 at premium price=above the normal price 高于一般价格14 obsolete=out-of-date 过时的15精于算计的人bean counter16 implement=put into effect=carry out 贯 彻;执行17 be stuck in a rut/trench/routine of be obsessed with satisfaction 沉溺于满足become a fixed way of thinking陷入某种思维定式18 make ones sales pitch=sell ones products19 beat one to the punch=act before other people 先发制人20 想出 come up with21 in a row=one after another=successively 连续不断地22 come out of woodwork 纷纷登场(esp.sth not very pleasant)23 discredit=distrust 不信任24 ridicule=mock=laugh at 嘲讽25 be little=look down upon 轻视26 instant coverage=quick reporting 快报27 viewership=audience 观众28 从众思维 herdbrain thinking29 innovation=creative thinking 仓惭Unit 2IWords and expressions1 manure=fertilizer 月 巴 料2 停车场 parking lots3使某人大吃一惊take sb by surprise4冒着的 危 险run the risk of5 blandness=tasteless 淡而无味的6 at the outset=at the beginning7装着高贵的，假 斯 文 的genteel8 密切关注 take a closer look at9 uneasy=worried10 clear=past 通过11 review=examination 审核1 2生 物 科 技biotech13 繁荣时期 boom times booms and slumps/recessions繁荣和萧条14 produce shelves=agricultural products 农产品1 5对质 疑question1 6难免犯错的fallible17 摆 弄，捣 舌L go mucking about/around with.18 wind up=end in以告 终;定居在19 欧盟 European Union20 tweak from=rebellion against 对.的反抗21 intimidate=frighten/threaten 威胁22 economic might=economic power/strength 经济实力23 address=deal with 致 力 于,着手做.24 portend=warn 给.以警告25 by no means=not at all 决不26 dream up=design 设计27 make a hit=be popular/successful 获得成功28 tweeze out=pick out 提取29 knit into=plant into 植入30 souped-up=strengthened=cement 增强的31 yield=output=production 产量32 so much so that=to such an extent that 到如此程度33 churn out=produce in large quantity 大量地粗制滥造34 trigger allergies=cause allergies 弓I起过敏35 scrap the product=discard the product 抛弃36 some strains of=some types/kinds of37 jumpy=nervous=worried 神 精 质，不安38 fussy=become too careful about 过分注重细节39 effectively=in fact 实际上40 outlawed=illegal=banned=contraband 不合法的41 moratorium=ban 禁止42 in the midst of=in the middle of 在中43 catfight=dispute=disagreement 争论44 be high on the agenda(议事日程)=be important45 首席执行官 chief executive officer(CEO)46 gamble on=invest in 投资47 sweet on=fond of 喜欢48 perch=settle/rest 停 靠;栖息49 mire in=in difficulty 陷入困境50 wade in=intervene 干预51 lobby=persuade 游说52 有最终决定权 have the final word/sayII Translation1 Around the world people are taking a closer look at the geneticmake-up of what theyre eating-and growing uneasy with what they see.Over the past decade,genetically modified(GM)food has become anincreasingly common phenomenon as scientists have re wo ven thegenes of countless fruits and vegetables,turning everyday crops intouber-crops(able to resist frost,withstand herbicides and even producetheir own pesticides.)In all,more than 4 500 GM plants have been tested,and at least 40-including 13 varieties of corn,11 varieties of tomatoesand four varieties of soybeans-have cleared government reviews.复合句先翻译从句再翻译主句全世界的人民都在密切地注视他们食品中的基因构成-并越发地为他们所看到的一切感到不安。在过去的十年里，随着科学家们将无数的水果和蔬菜的基因重组，使平常的农作物变成了能抵抗霜冻、经得起除草剂甚至能生产自己的杀虫剂的超级作物，基因改良食品已日益成为普遍现象。就总数而言，超过4,5 0 0 的基因改良植物已经过测试，其中至少有40种一包括13种 玉 米，11种西红柿和4种大豆已经通过了政府的审核。2 But one countrys moratorium is another countrys protectionism,and the U.S.is suspicious of Europes action.Tension between the U.S.and the E.U.was already running high recently after Europe decided tocontinue a ban on hormone-raised U.S.beef and the U.S.hit back witha100%tariff on some E.U.food exports.Coming in the midst of such acatfight,the GM ban looks like vengeance as much as prudence.Whatsmore,if Europe is so worried about GM products,why is it growing them?France produces its own small crop of GM corn and uses more of thestuff than any other country in Europe.但 是，一个国家的禁令对另一国家而言就是一种贸易保护主义，美国已在怀疑欧洲的举动。自从欧洲决定继续禁止进口荷尔蒙饲养的美国牛肉(含有荷尔蒙的牛肉；使用荷尔蒙添加剂饲养的牛肉)，而美国又通过对欧洲出口的食品征收100%的关税作为反击，欧美之间的关系近来变得越发紧张。在这种激烈的争斗中,转基因禁令与其说是 审 慎，不如说是报复。此外，假如欧洲如此担忧转基因食品的话，为什么还要生产它们呢？法国生产了自己的小型转基因玉米，而且使用得比其它欧洲国家更多。Unit 3IWords and expressions1 代沟 generation gap2古 怪 老 头geezer3 万事通 know-it-all4 tear your hair out=make you feel uncomfortable5 diffuse=lessen=reduce6职业道德work ethic7 职场 workplace8 live within limited means(money)=spend as much as that is earned 收支平衡live beyond limited means=not make ends meet 收支不平衡9 status quo=current situation 现状10 all but=almost/nearly 几乎11 figure=believe=think 认为12 demonstrated=obvious 明显的13 get ahead=make progress 进步14 adept in/at=skilled in/at 熟练的15 minefield=landmine 雷区16 savvy=well informed有 见识的=shrewd精明老练的savvy=practical understanding 实际才能二 shrewdness 精明1 7引 领；开 创usher in18 resourceful=smart and skillful足智多谋的，善于随机应变的19 self-esteem=self-respect 自尊20 消除代沟 bridge the generation gap21 一心多用 multitask22 at odds with=quarrel with 与不 和;争吵23 turn off=dislike 不 喜 欢,厌恶24 inception=beginning 开 始，开端25 transpire=happen=occur 发生2 6某事使某人痛苦不堪sth rankle with sb27 信步走入 breeze in28 流彳亍词汇 buzzword=a fashionable and popular word29 尽义务 dues paying30 lighten up=relax=cheer up 放轻松31 set in your ways=fixed in your ways 固执的，死板的32 matter=count=be important 重要33 benefit both parties=go both ways 双方都受益34 instantaneously=as soon as possible=immediatly 立即35 likewise=in the same way 同样36 co-worker=counterpart=colleague 同事37 affinity:strong liking for 强烈的爱好 have an affinity for a close relationship 密切关系 have an affinity withstrong attraction吸引力，亲和力II Translation1 传统派 Traditionalists 婴儿潮世代 Baby boomersX 世代 Genneration Xers 千禧世代 Millennials2 Generation Xers-Born 1965 to 1980 Generation Xers aretechnologically savvy,having ushered in the era of video games andpersonal computers during their formative years.But witnessingskyrocketing divorce rates,their patents,being laid off after years ofdedicated service and challenges to the presidency,organized religionand big corporations,instilled a sense of skepticism and distrust ofinstitutions.Because they dont expect employer loyalty,they see noproblem changing jobs to advance professionally.X 世代 出生于1965年至1980年。在成长时期，他们进入了电子游戏和个人电脑的时代，因此他们技术上有实际经验。但由于亲眼目睹了急剧增长的离婚率，以及自己多年兢兢业业奋战在工作岗位上、服务于宗教组织或大公司，到头来还是下岗，他们的父母灌输给他们的是对制度的怀疑和不信任。因为X 世代不期望忠实于雇主，所以，为谋求专业上的发展而跳槽在他们看来不成问题。Unit 4IWords and expressions1 set aside for=use specifically for 专门用于2 manual=guide book 手册3 casual reader=common/ordinary reader 普通读者4 leaft through=turn the pages through 翻书5 extraordinary=exotic foreign 外来的 unusual 不同寻常的6 trivially=unimportantly 不重要的7 catch the blight=suffer the blight 得了 枯萎病8 in spots=in some places 有些地方9 dead=gone=passed over=departed 去世10 amiable=friendly=good-tempered 友好的，和蔼可亲的11 spectacle=scene 场 景，景象12 behold=see 看见13 wince=draw back 退 缩，萎缩1 4 令人厌恶的人或事abomination15 plausible=seemingly reasonable 看似有理的16 at the instance of=instantly=immediately 立刻17 药理学的 pharmacological pharmacology=the study of medicinebiology18 property=quality=characteristic 性 质，特点19 摇晃 dangle2 0无精打采的；迟 缓 的languid21 administer=put into=give an injection to 注 身 寸 =manage 管理2 2基于直觉的想法hunch23 close call=narrow escape 幸免于难；死里逃生24 throw up=vomit 呕吐25 languid=tired 疲倦的26 feeble=weak 虚弱的27 mingle with=mix with28 mortally=deadly=fatal 致 命 地；致命的29 live off=live on 靠生活30 indispensable=essential=necessary 必不可少的II Translation1 It seemed to me that my life was hanging only by the tip of my lips.Iclosed my eyes in order,it seemed to me,to help push it out,and tookpleasure in growing languid and letting myself go.It was an idea(thatwas only floating on the surface of my soul),as delicate and feeble as allthe rest,but in truth not only free from distress but mingled with that sweetfeeling(that people have who have let themselves slide into sleep).Ibelieve that this is the same state in which people find themselves(whom we see fainting in the agony of death),and I maintain that wepity them without cause.In order to get used to the idea of death,l findthere is nothing like coming close to it.在我看来，生命似乎就像眠在两片嘴唇之间。我闭上眼睛，好像就要把它挤出去了。我感觉自己越来越疲倦，在慢慢地逝去，但我却感觉到了快乐。这只是在我心中浮现的一种念头，与其它东西一样，脆弱无力。但实 际 上，这种念头不仅能解除人们心头的悲伤，而且还夹杂着一种人在进入梦乡时才有的那种甜蜜的感觉。我相信这与我们见过的那些因临死时的痛苦而昏厥的人所处的状态是一样的。我认为我们同情他们是毫无理由的。为了习惯死亡的概念，我觉得没有什么能比临近死亡更有用了。2 Pain is useful for avoidance,for getting away when theres time toget away,but when it is end game,and no way back,pain is likely to beturned off,and the mechanisms for this are wonderfully precise andquick.lf I had to design an ecosystem in which creatures had to live offeach other and in which dying was an indispensable part of living,!couldnot think of a better way to manage.痛苦可以让人避免许多东西，也可以让人在有时间逃脱的时候逃脱。但如果是到了最后的关头，没有回头路可走了，痛苦很可能就像闸门一样被 关 掉，它的运行机制是如此的精准和迅速，让人惊叹。如果让我来设计这样一个生态系统，生物在其中相互依赖着生存，死亡是其不可或缺的部分，那我是想不到一个比此更好的管理方法了。Unit5IWords and expressions1 name of the game=essence of the game 游戏的实质2 guidelines=methods=ways 指导方针3 recruiter=human resources(HR)人力资源4 thumbs-down=no 不同意5 appropriately=suitably 适当地6 overdress=dress too formally 过分打扮7 prospective=expected 预期的二probable 可能的8 quitting=break/rest 休息9 grooming=appearance 打 扮，外表10 sloppy=careless11 poised=balanced/calm/still 平稳的 poised to do=ready to do 准备做1 2无精打采地立、坐 或 行 动slouch13 be favorably impressed=have a good impression of14 promptly=quickly 敏捷地15 briskly=energetically 充满活力地16 small talk=chat1 7做事拖拖拉拉drag out18 get down to business=start working 开始做正事19 disjointed=broken=illogical破 碎 的，不连贯的,没逻辑的20 come across as=appear as=make an impression 看起来.21 discern=recognize 辨认出2 2诽 谤 某 人badmouth sb23justified=reasonable=acceptable 有 正 当 理 由 的，事出有因的24 give voice to=express 表达25 whiner=complainer 抱怨者26 be dying to=be eager to 渴望27 cover those questions=deal with/disscuss those questions 涉及/讨论那些问题28 courteous=polite 彬彬有礼的29 tip the scales=tip the situation 扭转局面30 No amount of preparation is going to无 论 再 怎 么 准 备，也不可能II Translation1 The job-interview game may not be much fun,but it is a game youcan win if you play it right.The name of the game is standing out of thecrowd-in a positive way.lf you go to the interview in a Boze theClown suit,youll stand out the crowd,all right,but not in a way that islikely to get you hired.求职面试的“游戏”可 能 并 不 太 好 玩，但是如果你玩得得法的话你还是能够获胜的。面试这个游戏的要点就是要“与众不同”以一种积极的方式。如果你 穿 着 一身扮小丑的“傻瓜”服 装 参 加 面 试 的 话，你 将 与众不同”；但是毫无 疑 问，那种 与众不同”的 方 式 不 能 帮 助 你 面 试 成 功，得到这份工作。2 In talking about your strong points,mention traits(that will serve youwell in this particular job).If you are well-organized,a creativeproblem-solver,a good team member,or a quick learner.be ready todescribe specific ways those strengths have served you in the past.Dontmake the mistake of saying.I dont have any real weakness.Youllcome across as more believable if you admit a flaw-but make it onethat an employer might actually like.For instance,admit that you are aworkaholic or a perfectionist.在谈及你的长处时要特别指出对你目前申请的工作有帮助的个性特点。如果你行事井井有条，善于创造性地解决问题；如果你能很好地与人合作或是学习新事物特别快，请把过去你的这些长处具体发挥的情况描述一番。千万别说:“我没有什么弱点”，这样的错误不能犯。主动承认自己的某个缺点就会使你看上去更加可以信任但这个缺点应当是一个面试官很有可能喜欢的缺点。比 如，承认你是个工作狂或完美主义者。Unit6IWords and expressions1 deteriorate=worsen 变 坏,恶化2 nurture=nourish 滋养 Vt3 come up with=bring forth=put forward 提 出,想出4 not be anywhere close to being solved=far from being solved 远远没有达到被解决的境地5 protocol=treaty=agreement=accord=resolution 公 约，决议6 call for 号召:advocate 提 倡=require 要求7 逐步停止 phaseout:a gradual stopping8 finger=point out 指出9 assault=attack 袭击10 spur=boost=galvanize=stimulate 刺 激,激励11 temperate region=temperate zone 温带地区12 dip=decrease=go down=drop=decline 下降13 proceed on schedule=proceed as planned/arranged 准 时,按预定时间进行14 observe=comment=say15 recharge=refill重新充满,再填充16 comply with=comform to=obey 遵守17 recuperate=recover 复原18 critical=important 关键的19 ward off=prevent=keep away from=stop 阻 挡，排除20 wreck=destroy=damage=disrupt 毁坏21 shift=change=switch 改变22 减排 reduce emissions23 能效 energy efficiency24 exempt from=free from 免 除，豁免25 pilot project=experimental project 试点计戈U26 laggard=fall behind 落后27 wear thin=become ineffective 逐渐无效=cant hold water 站不住脚28 专家组 panel:a group of experts29 scenario=prospect=outlook 预 想，设想的前景30 可持续的 sustainable31 combat=fight against32 precedent=example=instance 先例33 mitigate=moderate 缓和34 conventional=traditional 传统的II Translation1 If good intentions and good ideas were all it took to save thedeteriorating atmosphere,the planets fragile layers of air would be asgood as fixed.The two great damagers threatening the blanket of gases(that natures and protects life on earth)global warming and the thinningozone layerhave been identified.Better yet,scientists and policymakershave come up with effective though expensive coutermeasures.如果仅靠良好的用心与正确的观念就能挽救逐步恶化中的大气层，那么地球上这一层脆弱的空气就能固若金汤了。人们已经确认了对滋养并保护着地球上生命的这一层大气造成威胁的两大危险：全球变暖和臭氧层变薄。更喜人的是，科学家和决策者已经提出了虽昂贵但切实有效的对策。2 The good news is that this gloomy scenario may galvanize thewords governments into taking serious action.The first line of actionshould be no regrets actionschanges that will be beneficial nomatter how much of a threat global warming turns out to be.Amongthem:promoting the use of energy-efficient appliances and cars.But theIPCC report makes it clear that nations must do more.Forexample,though its now more costly to generate electricity from solarcells than from gas or coal,using the suns clean energy could savemoney(that would otherwise have to be spent in the future combatingthe effects of global warming).好消息是，这幅令人担忧的景象也许能刺激各国政府认真地采取行动。首要的行动应该是“不会后悔”的行动也就是无论全球变暖会成为多么严重的威胁，采取行动后引发的变化都会是有益的。这些行动包括：提倡使用节能电器和节能汽车。但IPCC的报告明确表示各国该做的还远不止这些。比 如，虽然现在用太阳能电池发电比用汽油或煤炭发电昂贵，可是利用干净的太阳能来发电可以省钱。否则的话，这笔钱在以后将不得不花在对抗全球升温的恶果上。