高中英语阅读理解精读荟萃(高级篇)2.pdf

Passage One The Present Is the Most ImportantShams and delusions are esteemed for soundest truths,while reality is fabulous.If men wouldsteadily observe realities only,and not allow themselves to be deluded,life,to compare it with suchthings as we know,would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian Nights Entertainments.If werespected only what is inevitable and has a right to be,music and poetry would resound along thestreets.When we are unhurried and wise,we perceive that only great and worthy things have anypermanent and absolute existence,-that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality.This is always exhilarating and sublime.By closing the eyes and slumbering,by consenting to bedeceived by shows,men establish and confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere,which still is built on purely illusory foundation.Children,who play life,discern its true law andrelations more clearly than men,who fail to live worthily,but who think that they are wiser byexperience,that is,by failure.I have read in a Hindoo book,that“there was a kings son,who,beingexpelled in infancy from his native city,was brought up by a forester,and,growing up to maturity inthat state,imagined himself to belong to the barbarous race with which be lived.One of his fathersministers having discovered him,revealed to him what he was,and the misconception of hischaracter was removed,and he knew himself to be a prince.So soul,from the circumstances inwhich it is placed,mistakes its own character,until the truth is revealed to it by some holy teacher,and then it knows itself to be Brahme.We think that that is which appears to be.If a man shouldgive us an account of the realities he beheld,we should not recognize the place in his description.Look at a meeting-house,or a court-house,or a jail,or a shop.Or a dwelling-house,and say whatthat thing really is before a true gaze,and they would all go to pieces in your account of them.Menesteem truth remote,in the outskirts of the system,behind the farthest star,before Adam and afterthe last man.In eternity there is indeed something true and sublime.But all these times and placesand occasions are now and here.God himself culminates in the present moment,and will never bemore divine in the lapse of all ages.And we are enabled to apprehend at all what is sublime andnoble only by the perpetual instilling and drenching of the reality that surrounds us.The universeconstantly and obediently answers to our conceptions;whether we travel fast or slow,the track islaid for us.Let us spend our lives in conceiving then.The poet or the artist never yet had as fair andnoble a design but some of his posterity at least could accomplish it.1.The writers attitude toward the arts is one ofA.admiration.B.indifference.C.suspicion.D.repulsion2.The author believes that a child.A.should practice what the Hindoos preach.B.frequently faces vital problems better than grownups do.C.hardly ever knows his true origin.D.is incapable of appreciating the arts.3.The author is primarily concerned with urging the reader toA.look to the future for enlightenment.B.appraise the present for its true value.C.honor the wisdom of the past ages.D.spend more time in leisure activities.4.The passage is primarily concerned with problem ofA.history and economics.B.society and population.C.biology and physics.D.theology and philosophy.Vocabulary1.sham 虚伪2.delusion 欺骗3.fabulous荒诞无稽的，不存在的4.exhilarating令人高兴的5.sublime崇高的6.slumber 睡眠7.Hindoo 印度8.Brahma婆 罗 门（贵族）e,fall,go to pieces 崩溃，垮台10.culminate达到顶点H.lapse时间的推移/消逝12.apprehend 领悟,理解13.instill（慢慢地）滴注，灌输14.drench浸泡，使湿透15.posterity子孙后代16.look t o 指望,注意难句译注1.If men would steadily observe realities only,and not allow themselves to be deluded,life,tocompare it with such things as we know,would be like a fairy tale and the Arabian NightsEntertainments.【结构简析】虚拟条件句，主句中to compare it with know是插入语，也有假设之意。【参考译文】如果人们坚持只观察现实，不让自己被蒙蔽，那么生活，把它和我们知道的事情相比较，就象神话，象一千零一-夜中描述的一切。2.When we are unhurried and wise,we perceive that only great and worthy things have anypermanent and absolute existence,-that petty fears and petty pleasure are but the shadow of reality.【结构简析】主句中两个that.第一个是perceive的宾语从句。破折号的第二个that从句是说明，对比前一个th at句。【参考译文】在我们冷静和明智时，我们会感到只有伟大的和有价值的东西才能永恒绝对地存在，而那些微不足道的恐惧和欢乐仅仅是现实的阴影而已。3.By closing the eyes and slumbering,by consenting to be deceived by shows,men establishand confirm their daily life of routine and habit everywhere,which still is built on purely illusoryfoundation.【参考译文】闭上眼睛，昏昏欲睡、允许自己被表面现象所蒙蔽，人们通过这些手段来建立和确定他们的生活日程和各种习惯。这仍然是建立在幻（觉）想基础上的东西。4.So soul,from the circumstances in which it is placed,mistakes its own character,until thetruth is revealed to it by some holy teacher,and then it knows itself to be Brahme.”【结构简析】from the circumstances in which.,介词短语+定从，实际上都是修饰mistake【参考译文】从它所处的环境中出发，灵魂把自己的身份搞错了。直到某个神圣的先生揭示的事实，那时它才知道自己是个贵族。5.We think that that is which appears to be.【结构简析】第 个 th at是引导think的宾语从句的连接词，第二个th at是代词，作宾从中的主语，指上述“灵魂”整个句子。【参考译文】我们想那就是看起来那个样子（情况似乎就是那样）。写作方法与文章大意这是-篇从哲学角度探讨人应重视现实的论说文。采用以对比，具体实例说明的写作手法。先用虚伪和欺骗被尊为至高无上的真理一事，跟正视现实，尊重必然的东西对比，引出后者是美好生活的来源。再以大人和孩子对比，孩子更能分辨生活的规律。最后从过去，未来和现在对比，人们对过去认为就是这么一回事，崇拜遥远的一切。作者提醒人们此时此地的现实是最重要的。答案详解I.A.钦佩。本文第三句“如果我们只尊重必然的东西，尊重有权威为必然的东西，那么音乐和诗歌会重新在街上唱诵。本文最后一句“虽然诗人或艺术从来没有如此美好和崇高的设想，但他们有些后代至少会达到这一步的。”还有难句译注1。这些都说明作者对艺术视为崇高和美好，不是被蒙蔽的东西。B.漠不关心。C.怀疑的。D.排斥。多不对。2.B.孩子们常常比成人更好地棉队各种问题。本文第七句“孩子们游戏生活（整天只知道玩儿），却比难以很好的生活的成人们更清楚的分辨出显示生活的真正规律和种种关系。”A.孩子应当实践印度布道宣传的东西。C.几乎对其真实出身一无所知。这是讲王子的事情，不是一般孩子。D.难以欣赏艺术。并未提及。3.B.珍视目前的真正价值。这在文章倒数第五句“永恒中，确实有真实和崇高的东西存在。但是所有这一切时间，地点，机遇都是在此时此地。上帝本身在现时达到了顶峰。在今后流逝的岁月中，它绝不会更加神圣崇高。我们只有长期不断地灌输和浸润在周围现实之中，才能理解什么是崇高和神圣的东西。不论我们的步伐快还是慢，路线已为我铺定。那就让我们的生命在体会感受中度过。”作者强调现实才是人们应该抓住的。A.指望未来给予启迪。C.尊重过去的智慧。D,在悠闲的活动中花更多的时间。4.D.神学和哲学。整篇文章都传递了这两个内容，特别是哲学推理论说。A.历史和经济学。B.社会和人口。C.生物和物理。Passage Two Forecasting of StatisticsNearly two thousand years have passed since a census decreed by Caesar Augustus become partof the greatest story ever told.Many things have changed in the intervening years.The hotel industryworries more about overbuilding than overcrowding,and if they had to meet an unexpected influx,few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests.Now it is the census taker thatdoes the traveling in the fond hope that a highly mobile population will stay long enough to get agood sampling.Methods of gathering,recording,and evaluating information have presumably beenimproved a great deal.And where then it was the modest purpose of Rome to obtain a simple headcount as an adequate basis for levying taxes,now batteries of complicated statistical series furnishedby governmental agencies and private organizations are eagerly scanned and inteipreted by sagesand seers to get a clue to future events.The Bible does not tell us how the Roman census takersmade out,and as regards our more immediate concern,the reliability of present day economicforecasting,there are considerable differences of opinion.They were aired at the celebration of the125th anniversary of the American Statistical Association.There was the thought that businessforecasting might well be on its way from an art to a science,and some speakers talked aboutnewfangled computers and high-falulin mathematical system in terms of excitement and endearmentwhich we,at least in our younger years when these things mattered,would have associated morereadily with the description of a fair maiden.But others pointed to the deplorable record of highlyesteemed forecasts and forecasters with a batting average below that of the Mets,and thePresident-elect of the Association cautioned that“high powered statistical methods are usually inorder where the facts are crude and inadequate,the exact contrary of what crude and inadequatestatisticians assume.We left his birthday party somewhere between hope and despair and with theconviction,not really newly acquired,that proper statistical methods applied to ascertainable factshave their merits in economic forecasting as long as neither forecaster nor public is deluded intomistaking the delineation of probabilities and trends for a prediction of certainties of mathematicalexactitude.1.Taxation in Roman days apparently was based onA.wealth.B.mobility.C.population.D.census takers.2.The American Statistical AssociationA.is converting statistical study from an art to a science.B.has an excellent record in business forecasting.C.is neither hopeful nor pessimistic.D.speaks with mathematical exactitude.3.The message the author wishes the reader to get isA.statisticians have not advanced since the days of the Roman.B.statistics is not as yet a science.C.statisticians love their machine.D.computer is hopeful.4.The“greatest story ever told“referred to in the passage is the story ofA.Christmas.B.The Mets.C.Moses.D.Roman Census Takers.Vocabulary1.census人口调查2.decreed分布法令3.influx汇集，流 入（人口或物）4.census taker 人口调查员5.in the intervening years 在这期间6.sampling取 样（调查）7.presumable可能的，可推测的8.batteries-连串，系列9.sage圣人；聪 明 的（人一）10.seer 先知11.newfangled新 型 的（贬义）12.high-falutin夸大的，夸张的13.deplorable悲惨的，杂乱的14.batting average平均成功率（原指击球平均得分数）15.ascertainable可以确定的/确切的16.delineation 描述17.exactitude 精确难句译注1.The hotel industry worries more about overbuilding than overcrowding,and if they had tomeet an unexpected influx,few inns would have a manager to accommodate the weary guests.【结构简析】复合句。And后为虚拟条件句。【参考译文】旅饵业就忧虑旅馆建的太多，不愁人太多。但是如果他们不得不碰到意想不到大批旅客，没有什么旅馆会有一位经理去安排疲惫不堪的客人的食宿。写作方法与文章大意文章论及“统计数字预测经济”。采用对比论证手法，还带点讽刺口吻，但气势宏伟。从两千年前恺撒奥古斯都下令进行的人口调查说起，讲到现在的统计数字预测经济情况。得出应当正确对待预测数字的结论。答案详解I.C.人口。答案在第六句，“那时罗马计算人头作为征税的适当基础，目的很简单。”A.财富。B,流动性。C.人口调查员。2.A.正把统计研究从文科转变成理科。这是从第六句开始讲的一种观点。“现在，政府机构和私人组织的一系列复杂的统计数字，由智者和先知人物殷切地浏览和解释以取得预先外未来事件的线索。圣经并没有告诉我们罗马的人口调查员是怎么调查统计的。至于我们当前更加关心的问题：目前经济预测的可靠性，意见分歧很大。美国统计协会125周年庆祝活动上，人们在大肆宣扬这些不同观点。有一种说法是经济预测可能正从文科转向科学（理科）发展。有些人兴高采烈大谈新型计算机和非常高级数学系统。“作者虽然没有明说，明眼人一看便知，艺术向科学转变正是美国统计协会在把统计学从文科转向理科。所以A.对。B.在商业预测方面具有杰出的记录。不对。实际上“平均成功率还低于the Mets”C.既没有希望也不乐观。文内没有提及。只提作者他们半喜半忧离开协会。D.以数学的精确性来说话。见下道题解释。协会部分人却有此看法“数学精确性。”3.B.统 计 学（到现在为止）还不是一门科学（理科）。文章最后几句话。“连统计协会的主席也告戒说高能统计法在实际材料原始和不允许的地方一般发挥正常。这跟低级的，不合适的统计员所假定的正好相反。我们怀着忧“希”掺半的心情离开周年庆祝宴会，怀着确实不是新近才有的信念，相信应用于确切材料上恰当的统计法在经济预测中有它的贡献，只要预测人员和公众不受蒙蔽，误呆板所述概率和趋势当作数学精确无比的预测就行。”A.统计员从罗马时代起就没向前进步过。C.统计员爱计算机。这两项文内没有提到。D.计算机前程远大。文内只讲了有些人怀着兴高采烈的心情大讲新型计算机和非常高级数学”系统”，暗示了计算机大有希望。但不是所有人都这样认为的。最重要的计算机的应用并不能改变这个事实：统计学不是立刻，而是文科。所以B.对。4.A.基督，圣诞节，指基督的诞生。圣经中的一个故事。B.the M ets.圣经中率领希伯莱人出埃及的领袖，也作放债的犹太人讲。C.摩西。D 罗马人口调查员。Passage Three Wakefield Masters RealismMoreover,insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six playsattributed to him,the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp contemporaryobservation.He was,formally,perhaps clerically educated,as his Latin and music,his Biblical andpatristic lore indicate.He is,still,celebrated mainly for his quick sympathy for the oppressed andforgotten man,his sharp eye for character,a ready ear for colloquial vernacular turns of speech and ahumor alternately rude and boisterous,coarse and happy.Hence despite his conscious artistry asmanifest in his feeling for intricate metrical and stanza forms,he is looked upon as a kind ofmedieval Steinbeck,indignantly angry at,uncompromisingly and even brutally realistic inpresenting the plight of the agricultural poor.Thus taking the play and the author together,it is mow fairly conventional to regard the formeras a kind of ultimate point in the secularization of the medieval drama.Hence much emphasis on itas depicting realistically humble manners and pastoral life in the bleak hills of the West Riding ofYorkshire on a typically cold bight of December 24th.After what are often regarded as almost“documentaries given in the three successive monologues of the three shepherds,critics go on toaffirm that the realism is then intensified into a burlesque mock-treatment of the Nativity.Finally asa sort of epilogue or after-thought in deference to the Biblical origins of the materials,the play slidesback into an atavistic mood of early innocent reverence.Actually,as we shall see,the final scene isnot only the culminating scene but perhaps the raison detre of introductory“realism.”There is much on the surface of the present play to support the conventional view of its mood ofsecular realism.All the same,the“realism“of the Wakefield Master is of a paradoxical turn.Hiswide knowledge of people,as well as books indicates no cloistered contemplative but one in closerelation to his times.Still,that life was after all a predominantly religious one,a time which neverneglected the belief that man was a rebellious and sinful creature in need of redemption,So deeply(one can hardly say naively“of so sophisticated a writer)and implicitly religious is the Master thathe is less able(or less willing)to present actual history realistically than is the author of the Brome“Abraham and Isaac”.His historical sense is even less realistic than that of Chaucer who just a fewyears before had done for his own time costume romances,such as The Knights Tale,Troilus andCressida,etc.Moreover Chaucer had the excuse of highly romantic materials for taking libertieswith history.1.Which of the following statements about the Wakefield Master is NOT True?A.He was Chaucer?s contemporary.B.He is remembered as the author of five or six realistic plays.C.He write like John Steinbeck.D.HE was an accomplished artist.2.By“patristic”,the author meansA.realistic.B.patrioticC.superstitious.C.pertaining to the Christian Fathers.3.The statement about the secularization of the medieval drama refers to theA.introduction of mundane matters in religious plays.B.presentation of enadite material.C.use of contemporary introduction of religious themes in the early days.4.In subsequent paragraphs,we may expect the writer of this passage toA.justify his comparison with Steinbeck.B.present a point of view which attack the thought of the second paragraph.C.point out the anachronisms in the play.D.discuss the works of Chaucer.Vocabulary1.clerically educated受过教会教育的2.lore 口头传说，口头文字3.patristic有关早期基督教领袖的4.vernacular 方言5.boisterous 喧闹的6.metrical 韵律的7.stanza 诗节8.medieval中世纪的9.plight悲惨的命运10.secularization世俗化，脱离教会11.pastoral 乡村的12.bleak荒凉的13.documentary记录文献的14.monologue 独白15.burlesque诙谐或游戏诗文的，讽刺或滑稽的16.Nativity基督的诞生17.epilogue 收场白18.deference 敬意，尊重19.atavistic返祖的,隔代遗传的20.slide back t o 滑回，这里指返回21.raison d etre存在的理由22.all the same 即便如此23.paradoxical tu rn 自相矛盾的说法24.cloistered 隐居的25.contemplative好冥想的人（如僧侣）26.the contemplative life宗教匕冥想的生涯27.redemption 赎罪28.mundane世俗的，现世的29.erudite博学的，饱学之士30.anachronism时代错误，与时代不合的事物难句译注1.Moreover,insofar as any interpretation of its author can be made from the five or six playsattributed to him,the Wake field Master is uniformly considered to be a man of sharp contemporaryobservation.【结构简析】insofar义：只能，在.范围，常和a s 连用。Attributed过去分词，这里指属于韦克菲尔德大师写的剧本。【参考译文】再则，就以五六本，被认为是韦克菲尔德 马斯脱所写的剧本为依据来分析说明这位作者，他是一位公认为对时代具有敏锐洞察力的戏剧作家。写作方法和文章大意这是一篇文学评论，评韦克菲尔德 马斯脱的戏剧。他是乔叟的同时代人，采用对比手法,作者对比了他和别的批评家对韦评价之差异来论证韦克菲尔德本人的观点，立场和作品的文体，语言，内容等各个方面。然后把他跟同时代人乔叟作比较，指出他的不足。答案详解l.c.他象斯坦贝克一样写。第一段作者说他是一位公认的对当时代具有敏锐洞察力的作家。现在仍然享有盛名。主要在于“他对被压迫和被遗忘的人民的同情，有