2021年贵州省高考英语总复习：阅读理解.pdf

2021年贵州省高考英语总复习：阅读理解1.Whats your opinion on spicy food?Some people cannot handle even the smallest amount ofchili peppers in their dinner while others can*t get enough of them.Scientists have long been puzzled by why some people love the chili while others loalheit Plenty of research has been done on the subject,dating as far back as the1970s.Previous results showed that a love of chilies is related to childhood experiences,andthat cultural influences affect our taste too.But the latest study has found that a persons loveof spicy food may be linked to his or her personality more than anything else,CBC Newsreported.“We have always assumed that liking drives intake-we eat what we like and we likewhat we eat.But no one has actually directly bothered to connect personality with intake ofchili peppers,said Professor John E.Hayes from Pennsylvania State University,who ledthe study.But before you look at the study,you should first know that spicy is not a taste,unlike sour,sweet,bitter and salty taste.It is,in fact,a burning feeling that you feelon the surface of your tongue.This got scientists thinking that maybe a love of spicy food isbrought about by peoples longing for thrill,something they usually get from watching actionmovies or riding a roller coaster.In the study,97 participants,both male and female,were asked to fill outquestionnaires about their personality,for example,whether they like new experiences ortend to avoid risks.They were then given a glass of water with capsaicin（辣椒素），theplant chemical that makes a chili burn,mixed into it.By comparing the answers to the questionnaire and what participants said they felt aboutthe spicy water,researchers found that those who tended to enjoy action movies or take riskswere about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.Interestingly,we used to believe that the reason why some people can withstand（耐受）spicy food is that their tongues have become less sensitive to it.However,this latest studyhas found otherwise.Its not that it doesnt burn as badly,but that you actually learn to likethe burning feeling,Hayes explained.第1页 共4 6页(1)Whats the meaning of the underlined word loathe in the second paragraph?AA.Dislike.B.Fear.C.Put up with.D.Adapt to.(2)What did Professor John E.Hayes and his team discover from their study?CA.What we eat actually helps to develop our personality.B.Males are more likely to enjoy spicy food than females.C.Those trying to avoid risks tend to be less interested in spicy food.D.People are wrong to treat spicy as a kind of taste rather than a feeling.(3)Why do some people like spicy food according to the recent study?BA.Because their taste has become less sensitive.B.Because they love the burning feeling.C.Because they want to challenge themselves.D.Because the more they try spicy food,the less it burns.(4)Whats the main idea of the passage?BA.What one likes to eat mainly depends on ones personality.B.Whether one enjoys spicy food depends largely on ones personality.C.Ones personal experiences have nothing to do with their taste.D.Different people have different taste.【解答】(1)A.词义猜测题。根据文中第二段，Scientists have long been puzzled by why somepeople love chili and others loathe it.科学家们一直困惑于为什么有些人喜欢辣椒而有些人讨厌它。可知，划线单词意为：讨厌，A.Dislike讨厌；B.Fear害怕；C.Put up with忍受；D.Adapt to适应，结合选项，故选A.(2)C.细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段，Researchers found that those who most tended toenjoy action movies or take risks were about six times more likely to enjoy the spicy water.在研究中，那些倾向于看动作片和冒险的人有更大的可能性喜欢这种辣味的水。可知，那些试图规避风险的人往往对辛辣食物不感兴趣。故选C.(3)B.细节理解题。根据文章第四段，It is,in fact,a burning sensation that you feel on the第2页 共4 6页surface of your tongue.辣味的食物会带给舌头燃烧的感觉；最后一段，It*s not that it doesntburn as badly,its that you actually learn to like the burn,Hayes explained.海耶斯解释说：”这并不是说它没有那么严重，而是你实际上学会了喜欢燃烧。可知，人们喜欢是辣食是因为人们喜欢燃烧的感觉，结合选项，故选B.(4)B.主旨大意题。根据文章内容，通读全文可知文章讲述了通过研究表明人们喜欢吃辣食与一个人的个性有关，是因为喜欢刺激和舌头燃烧的感觉，结合选项，故选B.2.In 1941,science fiction writer Isaac Asimov stated the Three Laws of Robotics.These lawscome from the world of science fiction,but the real world is catching up.A law firm gavePittsburghs Carnegie Mellon University$10 million to explore artificial intelligence.PeterKalis,chairman of the law firm,K&L Gates,said the development of technology had ledto questions that were never taken seriously before.What will happen when you make robotsthat are smart,independent thinkers and then try to limit their freedom?Researcher Kalis said,One expert said well be at a point when we give an instruction toour robot to go to work in the morning and it turns around and says,Td rather go to thebeach.He said that one day we would want laws to keep our free-thinking robots fromrunning wild.With the law firms gift,the university will be able to explore problems now appearingwithin automated industries.Take driverless cars for example,“Kalis said.nIf theres anaccident concerned with a driverless car,what policies do we have in place?What kind ofinsurance policies do they have?”In fact,people can take a ride in a driverless car inPittsburg where an American online transportation network company uses the city as a testingground for the company,s driverless cars.The problems go beyond self-driving cars and robots.Think about the next generationof smart phones,those chips fixed in televisions,computers,fridges,etc,and the ever-expanding collection of personal data being stored in the cloud”.So can Asimoys Threelaws of Robotics be used in reality?Is it necessary to have a moral guideline that everyonecan understand?Whatever it is,doing no harm should be the very first one.(1)What can we learn from the first paragraph?BA.Robot should have more freedom.第3页 共4 6页B.Technology is running ahead of laws.C.The Three Laws of Robotics are practical.D.Peter wants to explore artificial intelligence.(2)What makes humans worry about robots?AA.Robots may be out of control.B Robots can do something illegal.C.Robots can become angry easily.D.Robots may have many requests.(3)What is the third paragraph intended to tell us?BA.Its hard for robots to obey rules.B.A law on robotics is really a must.C.Driverless cars can cause accidents.D.Driverless cars are being tested out now.(4)What should the basic law on robotics be according to the text?DA.Robots should be cautiously used in life.B.Robots should obey Asimoys Three Laws.C.Robots should be easy for people to operate.D.Robots should be safe to human beings.【解答】(1)B.理解推断题.根据文章第二段，one day we would want laws tokeep our free-thinking robots from running w ild,总有一天，我们会希望法律阻止我们自由思考的机器人失控。可知，是先发展的科技再有法律约束，结合选项，故选B.(2)A.推理判断题.根据文章第三段，If theres an accident concerned with a driverlesscar,what policies do we have in place?What kind of insurance policies do they have?n Infact,people can take a ride in a driverless car in Pittsburg where an American onlinetransportation network company uses the city as a testing ground for the companys driverlesscars.”如果发生与无人驾驶汽车有关的事故，我们有什么样的政策？他们有什么样的保险单？”事实上，人们可以在匹兹堡乘坐无人驾驶汽车，美国在线交通网络公司将匹兹堡市作为该公司无人驾驶汽车的试验场。可知，用无人驾驶的汽车及机器人为例来说明我们制造了聪明的独立行为的机器人时，如果失控可能出现的问题.因此，我们使用机器第4页 共4 6页人做事时，可能会出现的这种不可控制性，为此很担忧.结合选项，故选A.(3)B.推理判断题.根据文章第三段，Take driverless cars for example,u Kalis said.Iftheres an accident concerned with a driverless car,what policies do we have in place?Whatkind of insurance policies do they have?In fact,people can take a ride in a driverless car inPittsburg where an American online transportation network company uses the city as a testingground for the company*s driverless c a rs.以无人驾驶汽车为例，卡利斯说，如果发生与无人驾驶汽车有关的事故，我们有什么样的保险单？他们有什么样的保险单？”事实上，在匹兹堡，人们可以乘坐无人驾驶汽车，美国一家在线交通网络公司将匹兹堡作为测试对象公司无人驾驶汽车的场地。可知，在第三段主要讲述了大学能探索到自动化产业目前出现的问题.其中以无人驾驶的汽车发生事故，我们如何应对为例，来说明有关的法律迫在眉睫.结合选项，故选B.（4）D.推理判断题.根据最后一段最后一So can Asimovs Three Laws of Robotics beused in reality?Is it necessary to have a moral guideline that everyone can understand?Whatever it is,doing no harm should be the very first one.”阿西莫夫的三条机器人定律能在现实中使用吗？是否有必要有一个人人都能理解的道德准则？无论它是什么，对无害应该是首要考虑的因素。分析四个选项，D 项（机器人应对人们的生活及工作有帮助），是符合无害的，可知D 是正确，B 项（机器人应遵循阿西莫夫的三大定律）是不对的.A项（机器人在生活中应该谨慎使用）和 C 项（机器人应该便于人们操作）没有提及.结合选项，故选D。3.Heads up!Across the country,sports injuries are a safety concern for young athletes.Now,the American Medical Association（AMA）has a new set of guidelines aimed at protectingplayers from the danger of concussions-serious injuries caused by a blow to the head.By raising awareness of the serious risks associated with concussions and ensuring thatthe appropriate guidelines are in place,we can reduce the number of young athletes who mayreturn to the game too soon,which can put their health at further risk,“said AMA BoardMember Jack Resneck Jr M.D.in a statement.The policy recommends that young athletes who may have a concussion be taken off thefield as soon as possible.Then,they are only to return to their sport with a doctors writtenapproval.The policy also sets age-specific rules for health care professionals and athleticorganizations in evaluating and caring for concussions.第5页 共4 6页According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention(CDC)，a concussion is atype of traumatic(仓”%)brain injury caused by a bump,blow,or jolt to the head or hit tothe body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back and forth.This type ofmovement can cause the brain to bounce around or twist inside the skull(颅骨).It candamage brain cells and create chemical changes in the brain.The CDC says that between 1.6 million and 3.8 million traumatic brain injuries caused bysports and recreation-related activities occur in the U.S.every year.A study from theCenter tor Injury Research and Policy showed that as many as 40%of high school athletesreturn to playing before they should.The AMAs new guidelines should help to bring thosenumbers down.(1)Why does the AMA set the new guidelines?BA.To raise safety standards of sports.B.To protect athletes from concussions.C.To set rules for health care evaluation.D.To help players return to the game quickly.(2)What should young athletes who may have a concussion do?CA.Avoid using the head.B.Leave the field forever.C.Get treatment in time.D.Switch to another sport.(3)What is paragraph 4 mainly about?AA.What a concussion is.B.What causes damage to brain cells.C.How the CDC works.D.How a concussion can be prevented.(4)Which of the following is the best title for the text?BA.Rules for Safer PlayB.Sports Injuries in the USC.Advice to Athletes第6页 共4 6页D.New Policies for Doctors【解答】L B.细节理解题.根据第一段 Now,the American Medical Association（AMA）has a new set of guidelines aimed at protecting players from the danger of concussions-serious injuries caused by a blow to the h ead.现在，美国医学协会（AMA）制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受因头部撞击而造成的脑震荡严重伤害的危险.可知，AMA制定新的指导方针是为了保护运动员免受脑震荡.故选B.2.C.细节理解题.根据第三段 The policy recommends that young athletes who may have aconcussion be taken off the field as soon as possible.该政策建议，可能有脑震荡的年轻运动员应尽快被带出赛场.可知，有脑震荡的年轻运动员应该及时得到治疗.故选C.3.A.细节理解题.根据第四段 According to the Center for Disease Control and Prevention（CDC）,a concussion is a type of traumatic（）brain injury caused by a bump,blow,or jolt to the head or hit to the body that causes the head and brain to move rapidly back andf o r th.根据疾病预防控制中心（CDC）的说法，脑震荡是由头部撞击，撞击或颠簸或撞击身体而导致头部和大脑移动而引起的一种创伤性（受伤）脑损伤迅速来回.可知，第 4段主要讲述了脑震荡是什么.故选A.4.B.主旨大意题.阅读全文，根据文章内容可知，本文主要讲述了在全国范围内，运动伤害是年轻运动员的安全隐患.现在，美国医学协会（AMA）制定了一套新的指导方针，旨在保护运动员免受因头部撞击而造成的脑震荡严重伤害的危险.故选B.4.Some parents will buy any high-tech toy if they think it will help their child,but researcherssaid puzzles help children with math-related skills.Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert on mathematics development in young children atthe University of Chicago,found children who play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 laterdevelop better spatial skills.Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor of cognition（认知）after controlling for differences in parents*income,education and the amount of parenttalk,Levine said.The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53 child-parent pairs during everydayactivities at home and found children who play with puzzles between 26 and 46 months of agehave better spatial skills when assessed at 54 months of age.The children who played with puzzles performed better than those who did not,on tasksthat assessed their ability to rotate（旋转）and translate shapes,Levine said in a statement.第7页 共4 6页The parents were asked to interact with their children as they normally would,and abouthalf of the children in the study played with puzzles at one time.Higher-income parentstended to have children play with puzzles more frequently,and both boys and girls who playedwith puzzles had better spatial skills.However,boys tended to play with more complex puzzlesthan girls,and the parents of boys provided more spatial language and were more active duringpuzzle play than the parents of girls.The findings were published in the journal Developmental Science.(1)In which aspect do children benefit from puzzle play?BA.Building confidence.B.Developing spatial skills.C-Learning self-control.D.Gaining high-tech knowledge.(2)What did Levine take into consideration when designing her experiment?CA.Parents age.B.Childrens imagination.C.Parents education.D.Child-parent relationship.(3)How do boys differ from girls in puzzle play?DA-They play with puzzles more often.B.They tend to talk less during the game.C.They prefer to use more spatial language.D.They are likely to play with tougher puzzles.(4)What is the text mainly about?BA.A mathematical method.B.A scientific study.C.A woman psychologist.D.A teaching program.【解答】(1)B.细节理解题.根据第二段的Psychologist Susan Levine,an expert onmathematics development in young children at the University of Chicago,found children who第8页 共4 6页play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develop better spatial sk ills.芝加哥大学幼儿数学发展专家、心理学家苏珊莱文(Susan Levine)发现，在 2 岁至4 岁之间玩拼图游戏的儿童后来会发展出更好的空间技能.可知，拼图游戏对儿童发展空间技能有益.故选B.(2)C.细节理解题.根据第二段的 Puzzle play was found to be a significant predictor ofcognition(认 知)after controlling for differences in parents1 income,education and theamount of parent talk,Levine sa id.莱文说，在控制了父母收入、教育程度和家长谈话量的差异后，拼图游戏被发现是认知能力的一个显著预测因子.可知，莱文在设计她实验时考虑到了父母的教育.故选C.(3)D.细节理解题.根据第五段的 However,boys tended to play with more complexpuzzles ihan girls然而，男孩往往比女孩玩更复杂的拼图，可知，男孩和女孩的不同在于他们可能会玩更难的拼图.故选D.(4)B.主旨大意题.根据全文和第三段的 The researchers analyzed video recordings of 53child-parent pairs during everyday activities at home and found children who play withpuzzles between 26 and 46 months of age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 monthsof a g e.研究人员分析了 53对儿童家长在家中日常活动的视频记录，发现在26至 46个月大之间玩拼图游戏的儿童在54个月大时的空间技能更好,可知，文章是关于一个关于拼图对孩子益处的科学研究.A.A mathematical method数学方法；B.A scientific study科学研究;C.A woman psychologist女心理学家;D.A teaching program教学课程.故选 B.5.With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation(孤独)，morefamilies are choosing to live together.The doorway to peace and quiet,for Nick Bright at least,leads straight to his mother-in-law：she lives on the ground floor,while he lives upstairs with his wife and their twodaughters.Four years ago they all moved into a three-storey Victorian house