大学英语六级阅读训练.pdf
大 学 英 语 六 级 阅 读 训 练 Every day 25 mi I ion U.S.chi Idren r ide school buses.The safety record for thesebuses is much better than for passenger cars;but nevertheless,about 10 chi Idrenare killed each year riding on Iarge schooI buses,and near Iy four t imes thatnumber are killed outside buses in the Ioading zones.By and Iarge,however,the nations school ch iIdren are transported to and from school safe Iy.Even though the number of school bus casualties（死 亡 人 数）i s not I arge,thesafety of ch iIdren i s always of intense pub Ii c concern.While everyone wantsto see ch i Idren transported safe Iy,peopIe are d i v i ded about what needs to bedoneparticular ly whether seat belts shouId be mandatory（强 制 性 的）.Supporters of seat belts on school buses argue that seat belts are necessarynot on I y to reduce death and i njury,but a I so to teach chi Idren lessons aboutthe importance of us i ng them routinely i n any mov i ng veh i cIe.A s ide benefit,they point out,i s that seat belts he I p keep ch i I dren i n the i r seats,away fromthe bus dr i ver.Opponents of seat belt i nsta I I at i on suggest that chi Idren are a I ready we I Iprotected by the school buses that fol low the National Highway Traffic SafetyAdministrations（NHTSA）safety requirement set i n 1977.They a I so be I i eve thatmany chi Idren wont wear seat belts anyway,and that they may damage the beltsor use them as weapons to hurt other ch iIdren.A new Research Counci I report on school bus safety suggests that there arealternate safety devices and procedures that may be more effective and lessexpens i ve.For examp Ie,the study committee suggested that raising seat backsfour inches may have the same safety effectiveness as seat belts.The report sponsored by the Department of Transportation at the request ofCongress,reviews seat belts extensiveIy while taking a broader Iook at safetyin and around school buses.1.Each year,chi Idren killed outs i de buses in the Ioad i ng zones area b o u t.A.10 B.40C.30 D.502.Which of these words i s nearest i n mean i ng to the words“are divided”i n ParagraphA.d i sagree B.separateC.arrange D.concern3.Accord i ng to the passage,who has the greatest degree of contro I of theschool buses safety”?A.A New Research Counc i I.B.The Department of Transportat ion.C.The Medical Organizations.D.National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.4.It may be i nferred from thi s passage t h a t.A.many of the opponents of seat belt instal I at ion are parents and off i c i a I sof the Department of TransportationB.proposaI of seat belts on school buses wouId be ser iousIy consideredC.an alternate safety device(rai s ing seat backs four inches)may be takeni ntoconsiderationD.The Department of Transportation may either take the idea of seat beltsor other measures when i t reviews the whole s ituat ion5.The best title which expresses the idea of the passage i s.A.Making School Buses Even Safer for Chi IdrenB.Seat Belts Needed on Schoo I BusesC.Alternate Safety Devices and ProceduresD.Safety in and around Schoo I Buses答 案 1.B 2.A 3.D 4.D 5.AAccording to the I atest research in the United States of Amer ica,men and womentalk such different Ianguages that it is I ike people from two different culturestrying to communicate.Professor Deborah Tannen of Georgetown University,hasnoticed the difference i n the sty Ie of boys and gi r T s conversations from anear ly age.She says that I i tt Ie girls1 conversation i s less definite than boys*and expresses more doubts.Little boys use conversat i on to estab I i sh status withthe i r I i steners.These d i fferences continue into adult Ii fe,she says.I n pub I icconversations,men taIk most and i nterrupt other speakers more.In pr i vateconversations,men and women speak in equaI amounts一 although they say thingsin a different style.Professor Tannen be I ieves that,for woman,pr i vate talkingi s a way to estab I i sh and test i nt imacy.For men,pr i vate talking i s a way toexplore the power structure of a relationship.Teaching is one jobof talking show.When ato show that he has morea woman teaches anotherwhere the d i fferences between mens and women*s waysman teaches a woman,says Professor Tannen,he wantsknowledge,and hence more power i n conversation.Whenwoman,however,she i s more I ikely to take a shar i ngapproach and to encourage her student to join in.But Professor Tannen does not be I ieve that women are naturaI Iy more helpful.She says women fee I they ach i eve power by being abIe to he Ip others.Althoughthe research suggests men taIk and interrupt people more than women,ProfessorTannen says,women actuaI Iy encourage this to happen because they be I i eve itwiI I Iead to more i nt imacy and he Ip to estab I i sh a relationship.Some sci ent i sts who are study i ng speech th i nk that the bra i n i spre-iprogrammed for Ianguage.As we are usua I I y taught to speak by women,it seemsI ikeIy that the brain must have a sexuaI bias（倾 向 性）in its programming,otherwise male speech patterns wouId not ar ise at all.1.A.B.C.D.2.A.In the opinion of the wr iter,women encourage men to taIk becausettttwi I I Ieadwi I I he Ipwi I I he Ipwi I I he Iptotototomore intimacy and help to estab Ii sh a relationshipestab Ii sh status with the i r Ii stenersexpress more clearlycommun i cate betterThere are in I ittIe girls conversation than in boys.fewer doubts B.more demandsC.more doubts D.fewer uncertainties3.Some scientists be Iieve that bra i n i s pre-programmed for Ianguage.Theword pre programmed m e a n s.A.programmed a I ready B.programmed before one i s bornC.programmed early D.programmed by women4.In pr i vate conversat i on,women speakA.the same th i ngs as men B.I ess than menC.more than men D.as much as men5.The theme of th i s article i s.A.women are naturally more helpfulB.men and women taIk different languagesC.men taIk most and i nterrupt other speakers moreD.little girls conversation i s I ess def i n ite答 案 1.A 2.C 3.B 4.D 5.BEvery day,the news of the wor Id i s re I ayed to peop I e by over 300 million cop i esof daily papers,over 400 million radio sets,and over 150 million televisionsets.Additional news i s shown by mot i on pictures,i n theatres and c i nemas a I Iover the wor Id.As more people I earn what the important events of the day are,fewer are still concerned excI us i veIy with the events of the i r own household.As the Engl i sh wr iter John Donne put it near Iy four hundred years ago,“no mani s an i s land.This idea is more appropriate today than it was when Donne I i ved.I n short,wherever he I i ves,a man be I ongs to some society;and we are becomingmore and more aware that whatever happens in one particular society affects,somehow,the I ife and dest i ny of a I I humanity.Newspapers have been pub I i shed i n the modern worId for about four hundredyears.Most of the newspapers pr i nted today are read i n Europe and North Amer ica.However,soon they may be read i n a I I parts of the worId,thanks to the newi nvent i ons that are changing the techn i ques of newspaper pub I i sh i ng.Electronics and automation have made it possible to produce pictures andtext far more quickly than before.Photographic reproduction eI iminates the needfor type and pr inting presses.And fewer spec i a I i sts,such as type-setters,areneeded to produce a paper or magaz i ne by the photo-offset（照 相 平 板 胶 印）method.Therefore,the pub I i sh i ng of newspapers and magaz ines becomes more economica I.Furthermore,photo-cop i es can be sent over great d i stances now by means oftelevision channe I s and sate I I i tes such as Tel star.Thus,p ictures can be broughtto the pub Iic more quickly than previous Iy.Machines that prepare pr inted texts for photo-copies are being used a greatdea I today.Thousands of letters and f igures of d ifferent s izes and thicknessescan now be arranged on a black glass d i sc that i s on I y eight i nches i n d i ameter,to be pr i nted i n negat i ve form（white on a bI ack background）.The d i sc on themach i ne turns constant I y at the rate of ten revolutions a second.A beam of I i ghtfrom a s I roboscop i c（频 闪 的）I amp sh i nes on the des i red I etters and figures forabout I wo-mi I Iionths of a second.Then the image of the Ietters and figuresthat were i I Iuminated is projected onto a f i Im through Ienses.The section offilm i s large enough to hold the equ i va I ent of a page of text.There i s a keyboardin front of the machine that is simi lar to the keyboard of a typewr iter,andthe mach i ne operator has on Iy to str i ke the proper keys for the image of thecorrespond i ng Ietters to be immed i ate Iy transferred to the f i Im.The negat i veimage on the film can quickly be transferred onto paper.This method makes itas easy to reproduce photographs and iI lustrations as it i s to reproduce thetext itself.Film,be i ng I i ght and sma I I,can be sent rapid ly to other p I aces and usedto pr i nt cop i es of the text where they are needed.FiIm images can a I so beprojected easi Iy on a movie or television screen.Television broadcasts areI imited to an area that is within sight of the sending station or its relay（中）.AI though television re I ays are often p I aced on h i I I s and mounta i ns so thatthey can cover a wider region,they still can not cover more I and than one couldsee from the same hi I I top on a clear day.However,the rays a I so go out i ntothe atmosphere,and if there i s a relay station on a sate I Iite that revolvesaround the earth,it can transmit the pictures to any point on the earth fromwh i ch the sate I I ite is visible.Three sate I I i tes permanent ly revol vi ng over theequator transmit any television program to any part of the earth.Th i s makesit poss i b I e for wor I d editions of newspapers to give the news in al I countr i esat the same time.Some day it may be possible for a subscr i ber to a televi sednewspaper to press a button and see a newspaper page on h i s television screen.He could a I so decide when he wants the page to turn,and,by d i a I I i ng d i fferentnumbers such as those on a teI ephone dial,he could choose the Ianguage or theedition of the paper he wants to read.It seems strange to think that,even today,methods of the past are not ent i re Iy use I ess.For examp Ie,sometimes pressagencies that use radio and Tel star use carr ier pigeons to send messages betweenoff i ces i n large cities because the p i geons are not bothered by traff i c prob I ems.11 may be some t ime before television sets become common i n the average homesin Afr ica and Asia.However,radio i s a I ready rapidly becoming accessibIe tothousands of peopIe in these areas.And,now that good rad ios are bei ng madewith transi stors,and thei r pr ice i s graduaI Iy droppi ng because of massproduct i on,it may not be too long before rad ios become commonp I ace i n areaswhich have no newspapers.Transi stors make it possibIe for people to carry smaI Iradios wherever they go,without need of electr ic current.Even television setsare now operating on transistors,and the pocket TV may soon be as widespreadas the pocket radio.Now that scientific progress i s mak i ng it possible to send the news to a I Ithei nhabitants of the earth,it wi I I be important to consider what news is goingto be sent to them.No matter what cr iter ia are used in making the decision,a decision must be made,sinee no one would,have time to read or I isten to anaccount of everything there is going on in the worId!PeopIe who have time to read severaI papers can a I ready compare d i fferentreports of the same event.When an event has pol itical significance,each paperreports it from the point of v i ew of its own political be I i efs or preferences.IdeaI Iy,of course,the expression of editorial opinion shouId be I imited tothe ed i tor i a I page,and the news art i c I es shou I d be object i vete I I ing the factsas comp IeteIy as poss i bIe,without trying to give them a particularinterpretation,or without otherwise trying to influence the readers opinion.However,reporters and editors are on I y human,and i f they have strong pol i t ica Ibe I i efs it is al most i mposs i b I e for them to h i de them.If edi tors be I i eve the i rpoint of view is best for the readers of thei r paper,what*s to stop them fromus i ng the paper to try to i nfIuence pub I ic opinion?And if,some day,a worIdnewspaper becomes a reaI ity,wi I I it be the most powerfuI press agencies thatwiI I choose the news to be sent out to al I countr ies?1.The expression no man is an island means that no man I ives surroundedby water.2.Accord i ng to the author,it may not be I ong before people a I I over theworId have access to newspapers.3.The transferr ing of newspaper texts to f i Im is time-consuming and costly.4.Transistors are particular ly usefuI because they are used in smaI I radioand TV sets.5.Television re I ays are often pIaced on a hi I I top so that they can reacha sate I I ite.6.PeopIe are capable of knowing a I I the events going on i n every part ofthe worId.7.If a worId newspaper becomes a reaIityr it wi I I take more responsibi Iityfor informing al I the readers of the Iatest news in the worId.8.Newspapers have been pub I ished for a b o u t.9.Any television program could be transmitted to any part of the worIdb y.10.It is idea I that the news a r t i c l e s.答 案 1.N2.Y3.N4.Y5.N6.N7.NG8.400 years9.sate I Iites10.be object iveIn the Iast two hundred years there have been great changes i n the method ofproduct ion of goods.Thi s i s now a I so true of the bui Id ing i ndustry;formechanization has been introduced.System bui Iding can save both time and money.The principle of system buiIding i s that the bui Iding i s made from a set ofstandard units.These are either made at the bui Iding-site or at a factory.Somedesigners,in fact,are standardizing the dimensions of rooms.They are madein multiples of a single fixed length,usually ten centimeters.This is calleda modu I ar（标 准 件 的）system,and it means that manufactures can producestandardized fittings at a lower cost.The most important fact about systembui Id i ng i s its speed.A ten-storey flat,for examp I e,can be comp I eted i n fourmonths.There are several new methods of system bui Id ing.One i s the pane I method.I n th i s case,the construct i on company sometimes erects a factory on the site.The walls and f I oors of the bu i I d i ng,cal led pane I s,are cast i n a hor i zonta Ior vert i caI position.Conduits for electr ical wi res and sleeves for p i pes arecast i n the pane I s when they are be i ng made.The mou I ds for mak i ng these cast i ngsare situated a I I around the bu iId i ng.After the concrete pane I s are cast,they are a I I owed to set and harden fora week.Next they are I ifted by a tower crane on to any section of the bui Iding.There the pane Is are cemented together at the i r joints and the floor cover i ngi s laid.After the pane Is have been cemented together,the crane I i fts a case i ntothe area.It conta ins a I I the fi tt ings to be instaI led,such as wash-bas
