2022年北京高考英语阅读D篇分析 讲义--2023届高考英语复习.pdf

2022年北京高考英语阅读D篇分析 讲义本篇文章涉及量子计算quantum computing沐口量子计算机（quantum computers）0为了便于更好地理解该文，我们先普及一点关于量子的知识。百度有言：量子假设的提出有力地冲击了经典物理学，促进物理学进入微观层面，奠基现代物理学。但直到现在，物理学家关于量子力学的一些假设仍然不能被充分地证明，仍有很多需要研究的地方。Since some hypotheses of quantum mechanics cant be fully proved and there is stillmuch to study,the controversy and uncertainty about quantum computers is reasonable,既然量子力学的一些假设仍然不能被充分证明，且有很多需要研究之处，那关于量子计算机的争议和不确定性便在情理之中。在资金追逐和媒体热捧下，量子计算能否达到研究者所做出的承诺？（原文）Quantum（量子）computers have been on my mind a lot lately.A friend hasbeen sending me articles on how quantum computers might help solve some of the biggestchallenges we face as humans.Ive also had exchanges with two quantum-computingexperts.One is computer scientist Chris Johnson who I see as someone who helps keep thefield honest.The other is physicist Philip Taylor.对于牵挂心头的quantum computers,作者通过两种方式加以了解：一是articles onhow quantum computers might help solve some of the biggest challenges we face ashumans,也即通过朋友所送的关于量子计算机如何可能帮助解决我们人类遇见的一些最大挑战的文章；再有 exchanges with two quantum-computing experts,也即,和两位量子计算专家进行交流。让我们看看两位专家的身份。Chris Johnson,a computer scientist,who helps keep the field honest,作为计算机科学家的Chris Johnson,有助于保持该领域的诚实。第二位量子计算专家也是物理学家,Philip Taylor,a physicisto（原文）For decades,quantum computing has been little more than a laboratorycuriosity.Now,big tech companies have invested in quantum computing,as have manysmaller ones.According to Business Weekly,quantum machines could help us“cure cancer,and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction.This is the sort ofhype（炒作）that annoys Johnson.He worries that researchers are making promises theycant keep.Whats new,“Johnson wrote,“is that millions of dollars are now potentiallyavailable to quantum computing researchers.,Based on the articles he has read，作者得出,量子计算为 little more than a laboratorycuriosity,也 即,量子计算只不过是实验室好奇而已。big tech companies and manysmaller ones have invested in it,当前，一些大的科技公司和很多小的公司已对该领域进行投资。商业周刊（Business Weekly）（干 lj文）言及 quantum machines could help us“curecancer,and even take steps to turn climate change in the opposite direction,量子机器可能会帮助我们治愈癌症，甚至可以采取措施将气候变化转向相反方向。商业周刊的说辞在Johnson看来只是让其恼火的炒作。His worry is that researchersare making promises they cant keep，他则担心（该领域）研究者正在做出他们不能信守的承诺。此处我们可以联系一下第一自然段关于Johnson的介绍信息。但 Johnson 不乏幽默地说到，Whats new is that millions of dollars are nowpotentially available to quantum computing researchers”,（该领域）新的东西是量子计算研究者现在有可能获得数百万美金。（原文）As quantum computing attracts more attention and funding,researchers maymislead investors,journalists,the public and,worst of all,themselves about their work9spotential.If researchers cant keep their promises,excitement might give way to doubt,disappointment and anger,Johnson warns.Lots of other technologies have gone throughstages of excitement.But something about quantum computing makes it especially prone tohype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because“quantum stands fbr something cool youshouldnt be able to understand.9,And that brings me back to Taylor,who suggested that Iread his book Q for Quantum.从 big tech companies and many smaller ones 的关于量子计算的 funding 或investment z 到 Business Weekly 等媒体对之报道的推波助澜,researchers may misleadinvestors,journalists,the public and,worst of all,themselves about their works potential,研究者可能误导了投资者，记者。大众，甚至他们自身关于他们工作的潜能。故此 Johnson 警告，if researchers cant keep their promises,excitement might giveway to doubt,disappointment and anger,如果研究者不能信守承诺，随着激动褪去,将代之以怀疑，失望和愤怒。Lots of other technologies have gone through stages of excitement,如果说很多其他科技都曾经历兴奋阶段，但在 Johnson 看来,perhaps because 666quantum9 stands forsomething cool you shouldnt be able to understand，something about quantum computingmakes it especially prone to hype,或许正是因为量子代表着我们可能难以理解的事物,所以量子计算的某些方面极易受到炒作。Johnson给出量子计算易受热炒的原因。一句 And that brings me back to Taylor,who suggested that I read his book Q forQuantum,很自然地把读者引向物理学家也是量子计算专家的Taylor和其论著Q forQuantum。（原文）After I read the book,Taylor patiently answered my questions about it.Healso answered my questions about PyQuantum,the firm he co-founded in 2016.Taylorshares Johnsons concerns about hype,but he says those concerns do not apply toPyQuantum.Taylors book Q for Quantum answered my questions about it and my questions aboutPyQuantum,the firm he co-founded in 2016 z Taylor 的书既解疑了我对量子计算的问题,同时也回答了我的关于此前他与他人共创的PyQuantum公司的一些问题。关于 Johnsons concerns about hype,在 Taylor 看来,不适应于他的 PyQuantum 公司。（原文）The company,he says,is closer than any other firm“by a very large margin（幅度）“to building a useful”quantum computer,one that solves an impactful problemthat we would not have been able to solve otherwise.,9 He adds,People will naturallydiscount my opinions,but I have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparing what we aredoing with others.关于 PyQuantum 及其研发的 a ctusefuP,quantum computer,Taylor 认为前者 is closerthan any other firm“by a very large margin,to building a“useful“quantum computer,也即 PyQuantum”以明显优势”要比任何其他公司更接近于建造一台“有用的“量子计算机。The quantum computer solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able tosolve otherwise,该量子计算机可以解决一个我们不能解决且影响深远的问题。通过该段,我们可以看出Taylor对于合办公司PyQuantum及其待开发的quantumcomputer的前景所持的乐观态度。再看其接下来的话语/People will naturally discount my opinions,but I have spent alot of time quantitatively comparing what we are doing with others”,人们自然会又寸其观点不屑一顾，但他则花了大量时间对比他人和自己所做的（产品）。（原文）Could PyQuantum really be leading all the competition“by a wide margin”,as Taylor claims?I dont know.Im certainly not going to advise my friend or anyone elseto invest in quantum computers.But I trust Taylor,just as I trust Johnson.针对 Taylor 所说的 leading all the competition by a wide margin”，也即 PyQuantun是否大幅领先于（该领域）所有竞争，作者的答案则是I dont know0从 Vm certainly notgoing to advise my friend or anyone else to invest in quantum computers,我们可知，作者一定不会建议朋友或任何他人投资量子计算机。就两位专家所言，作者给出了 I trust Taylor,just as I trust Johnson,也即，两者皆信。答案解析：31.Regarding Johnsons concerns,the author f e e l s.A.sympatheticB.unconcernedC.doubtfulD,excited解 析：此题信息源自第二自然段和第三自然段。Johnsons concerns在于researchersare making promises they cant keep,也即关于量子计算的hype（炒作）的担忧。从作者论述当中可以排除答案B（不关心），D（兴奋），和 C（怀疑）。正确答案A（同情的；赞同的；支持的），此处应理解为赞同的，支持的。此题仍有难度，主要在于sympathy和 sympathetic在以往记忆中的语义单一化。32.What leads to Taylors optimism about quantum computing?A,His dominance in physics.B.The competition in the field.C.His confidence in PyQuantum.D.The investment of tech companies.解 析：此题信息源自第五自然段。从 The company,hesays,is closer than any otherfirm by a very large margin（幅度）to building a“useful quantum computer 和“Peoplewill naturally discount my opinions,but 1 have spent a lot of time quantitatively comparingwhat we are doing with others.”可以推出答案选Co也即他对合办公司PyQuantum的信心。33.What does the underlined word“prone“in Paragraph 3 most probably mean?A.Open.B.Cool.C-Useful.D.Resistant.解 析：此题答案选Ao做题方法为,先对该词所在句But something about quantumcomputing makes it especially prone to hype,Johnson suggests,perhaps because“quantum stands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand.”加以分析推理,再把四个答案带入其中。再有，其他答案更不合理。此处open to应理解为“易受二34.Which would be the best title for the passage?A.Is Johnson More Competent Than Taylor?B.Is Quantum Computing Redefining Technology?C.Will Quantum Computers Ever Come into Being?D.Will Quantum Computing Ever Live Up to Its Hype?解 析：该题正确答案为Do首先排除答案A,因为Johnson和 Taylor作为quantumcomputing的专家，在本文中是平行出现，不分孰是孰非，孰优孰劣。答 案 B 中的redefining为重新定义。故答案B 可以理解为量子计算是否重新定义科技，本文没有涉及此话题。答案C 的 come into being,语义为产生；诞生。故答案C 理解为量子计算机会否出现。该话题只在 Taylor 的话语 The company,he says,is closer than any otherfirm“by a very large margin（巾 曷 度）“to building a“useful“quantum computer,one that“solves an impactful problem that we would not have been able to solve otherwise.”中有所涉及。最后再看答案Do live up to为不辜负；符合；遵守；达到。故答案D可以理解为量子计算是否符合或达到它的炒作。hype 一词在Johnson和 Taylor的话语当中皆有表述。Johnson对此呈现担心态度,而 Taylor则持乐观态度。综合分析 今年北京高考D篇涉及quantum computing正如Johnson所说“，quantumstands for something cool you shouldnt be able to understand”,故量子计算对于普通读者相对陌生。但文章分别呈现两位专家的观点和作者本人的看法，使得该文结构清晰明了，所以理解起来难度不算太大。但在答案设置中，有些词（如 sympathetic）和词组（如 open to）的语义多样化，增加了思维难度。这都需要我们在广泛阅读中去激活。