英语专四冲刺班语法词汇专向练习.pdf

2007年专四冲刺班语法词汇专项练习(内部资料)英语外事管理系英语专业四级考试历年各语法考点的分布表考Q 占/、数目比例(%)总比例(%)非谓语动词不定式短语178.923.0分词短语126.3动名词短语105.2独立主格结构52.6并列句和复合句状语从句2714.126.2定语从句168.4名词性从句73.7虚拟语气2211.511.5形容词和副词178.98.9情态动词126.36.3倒装105.25.2省略105.25.2时态94.74.7反意疑问句52.62.6代词42.12.1强调句21.11.1主谓一致21.11.1其他（插入语,冠词,数词，系动词）105.25.2历年试题中出现的重点词汇2006年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Superstition,discrimination,misfortune,Cathedral,executive,splendor,rainforest,renovate,drastically,accommodation,distinction,squeeze,trickle,conspicuous,Stock Exchange,implication,squander,stereotype,inferiority,tendency,conflict,jealousy,counterbalance,initiation,irritation,stimulate,attachment,intimacy,subtle,reveal,affectionate,excursion重点词组Plunge in,accommodation officer,at the junction of,on the run,text message,intrude on,be inclined to do,feel ashamed of,beoccupied with,take my word(for it)2005年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Deficiency,weakness,insufficiency,drain,proceed,enhance,issue,concern,concern with,habitually,consequently,rarely,tolerant,hostile,indifferent,good-tempered,consensus,compromise,humid,enthusiasm,hesitation,caution,equivalent,similarity,imaginative,ingenious,impractical,theoretical,minority,scarcity,rarity,minimum,finance,budge,concentrated,extensive,exclude,deny,availability,convenience,sparsely重点词组G et over,get in,get back,get along,go about,go over,nothingbut,anything but,so as to,such as to,on occasion,on purpose,on condition that,take no notice of,move on,move off,go in for,go though,call in,call over,call upon,call out,object to sth/doing sth,move out,move along,carry into effect,take effect,put into effect,pull back,pull up,pull through,pull out2004年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Jurisdiction,withdrawal,chaos,regime,dramatically,urban,aggression,militant,intelligence,reject,cycle,reversed,former,regular,temporary,tendency,preference,disclose,grudge,bear agrudge/grudges,worthless,invaluable,priceless,restore,revive,renew,drain,spill,shiver,spin,stagger,empathic,eloquent,emotional,vibrant,energetic,thereof,thereby,thereabouts,mortality重点词组Call for,react to,in a word,no soonerthan，catch up(on),clearup,make up,pick up,to the exclusion of2003年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Intermediate,book,medium,mid,afford,fragrance,perfume,flavor,massively,plentifully,adequately,identical,alike,acquire,brand,stuff,commodity,nevertheless,extraordinary,unique,rare,acknowledge,switch to,divert from/to,modify,alter,ensure,enrich,scale,strip,peel,slice,stiff重点词组Show off,show up,show around,answer for,answer to,answer back,allow for,stem from,tend to,shift to,account for2002年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇重点词汇Promising,pleasing,obliging,vacant,deserted,fragment,extract,preset,late,misguided,narrowly,award,compensation,prize,reward重点词组Rather than,concentrate on,get over,get away,get off,get across,refer to sth as sth,apply to,make a bid for,on no account,putforward,be committed to,start out2001年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Characteristic,obliging,vacant,extract,preset,late,cyclical,staggering,descent,declined,application,use,utility,quality,feature,frustrate,discourage,assign,tackle,usage重点词组G et over,refer to sth as sth,amount to,come to,make a bid for,on no account,in proportion t,by/in comparison with,disapprovalof,distaste for,dissatisfaction with,dismay at,do away with,inorder,in(good/bad)form,in good(working)order,reduce to,asregards,in that,what s more,as well,for one thing*,for another,in addition,be restricted to doing,rather than,be confronted with,require sth of sb,be faced with,lack of,a nodding acquaintance,familiarity with,acquaintance with,on one s own2000年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Rudimentary,swerve,uninformative,startling,eclipse,pedestrian,mystique,stifling,exploited,controversial,sensible,infect,primitive,adequate,ambitious,scarf,considerate,checkup重点词组G et about,get on,get in,set through,put by,be allergic to,withoutfail,without hesitation,take a back seat to,on one s behalf,makea clear distinction,put off,put up,put by,by no means,get ridof,have trouble with,call off1999年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Traumatic,jeopardize,instant,urgent,prompt,hasty,exceedingly,excessively,extensively,peculiar,specific重点词组Hand down,hand in,agree upon,agree in,agree with,not,any morethan，no more than,no less than,much more than1998年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Ample,authentically,spontaneous,eternal,simultaneous,synthetic,dispel,disqualify,infinite,ceaseless,everlasting,cultivation,upbringing,innocently,genuinely,substantial,subsequently,successively,preliminarily,halt,surrender,abandon重点词组Be available to sb,cope with,1997年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Renovate,engagement,gleam,prohibit重点词组For all,draw upon,be concerned with,reaction to,restrain sb fromdoing sth,be relevant to,adapt oneself to,conform oneself to1996年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Considerate,considerable,profound,respectful,respecting,respectable,vacate,dweller,tenant,primitive,initial,original,elementary,spoilt,deliberate,compulsory,spontaneous,voluntary重点词组At the heart of,discourage sb from doing sth,be involved in,haveno way of doing sth,come to,come around,come on,come up with,look up,look up to,pay up,keep up,stand up to,carry off,carryaway,carry on,for lack of,other than1995年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Repel,sovereign,resent,proprietor,nuisance,annoyance,refresh,restore,pedigree,hectic,autograph,potential,coexist,honorary,honorific,splash,scatter,insistent,persistent,consistent,resistant,mute,illusion,vision,client,landlord,tenant,proprietor,massacre,bid,auction,embarrassment,distress重点词组Uphold the sentence,pull through,acquaint sb with sth,throw off,throw down,throw over,acquaint sb with sth,over a cup of coffee/tea,get over,success in doing sth,influence on1994年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Volume,pitch,reclaim,deprive,punch,whip,unsurpassed,inadvertently,fascinating,scatter,dignity,sensible,faint,pale,bleach,fade,withhold,scarcity,proficiency,capacity,excursion,attendant,subsequently,affection,disassemble重点词组Shut sb up,close up,stop up,in the first place,appeal to,be intenton,be absorbed in,be engrossed in,be involved in,bring forward,bring about,bring on,withholdfrom,deprive of,obtain sth from,benefit from,dispose of,later on1993年专四出现的考试词汇重点词汇Imaginable,imaginative,imaginary,playful,obscurity,ignorance,misgiving,squeezed,eyestrain,exemption,amateur,certificate,elegance,leisure,miserly,disgusted,discard,dispel,discharge,worthless,invaluable,priceless,unworthy,hint,clue,neglectful,negligible,neglected,negligent,proficient,outstanding,prominent,stale,misty,incident,marvelous,recipe,ingredient重点词组Be lacking in,catch on,draw up,draw on,draw out,draw back,commenton sth,dispose of,in half,regret to do sth,regret doing sth,preside over,mow that,on the road,on the march,on the move,comeupon,come on语法点一.主谓一致1.在一般现在时中，若主语显 单数第三人称，谓语动词则要加-s 或-es,具体变化同名词的单数变复数。如：一，He goes to school at 8 every morning.不说：He go.1）单数第三人称作主语的词包括：单数人祢代词：he,she,it不定代词：each,everyone人名：John,Bill G ates 等。普通单数名词：my brother,English等。2）单数动词佰变也有:beis;have h a s;其他动词在词尾加-s或-es,具体变化|司名词的单数变复数，work-works,study-studieso若主语是单数第一、第二人称或复数，则谓语动词永原形，不需要加-s或-es.常见的这样的主1 吾有：单数人称代词：I,y o u复数人称代词：we,you,they 复数名词：students,books 等。2.在助动词或情态动词后面，直接接动词原型。a.She can sing in English.b.He goes to school early.Hedoesn,t go to school early.3.There b e 句型的主谓一致。研究下列句子：There is a book on the desk.There are two books on the desk.There b e句型是一倒装结构，因此谓语动词的单复数要与b e动词后面的名词一致。4.“数量词+名词”结构的主谓一致在上述数量词中，有些还可以接o f短于连用。具体用法如下:只与可数名词连用只 接 单数的OneEacheveryOne boyEach boyEvery boy单数谓语Every boy issmart.Every boy has agift.Every boy studieshard.只 接 复数的Two,three,etc.BothA couple ofA fewFewSeveralManyA number ofTwo boysBoth boysA couple ofboysA few boysFew boysSeveral boysMany boysA number ofboys复数谓语Many boys aresmart.Many boys have agift.Many boys studyhard.只与不可数名词连用A littleLittleMuchA greatdeal ofA largeamount ofA littlewaterLittle waterMuch waterA great dealof waterA largeamount ofwater单数谓语Much water isclean.Much water hasbacteria.数复不名用可词或数连可与名数可词均Not anySomeA lot ofLots ofPlenty ofMostallNot any boys,not any waterSome boys,some waterA lot of boys,a lot of waterLots of boys,lots of waterPlenty ofboys,plentyof waterMost boys,most waterAll boys,allwater接可数复数名词时用复数谓语；接不可数名词时用单数谓语。Some water isclean.Some boys aresmart.All/most/some/any of+特指限定词+复数可数或不可数名词Most of my/these/the/John7 s books areinteresting.Most of the information is useless.Many/a few/few/several/both/two/three/of+特指限定词+复数可数名词Many of these students are good at English.总的规则：接可数复数名词时用复数谓语；接不可数名词时用单数谓语。Much/a little/little of+特指限定词+不可数名词Much of the water is wastedOne ofEach of+特指限定词+复数可数名词+单数谓语Every one ofOne of my students is good at English.Every one of my students is good at English.5.单数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系一般来说,单数名词作主语,谓语动词用单数形式,这个符合英语中的语法上一致原则。但此种情况也有例外。现在详细归纳如下：1)Many a+名词单数，虽为复数概念，但谓语用单数。a.There is many an error that he has neglected.b.Many a man and(many a)woman has wished that he or she hadhad a better education.(Many men and women have.)2)More than one+可数与词单数，是复数概念，但谓语用单数。a.There is more than one answer to this question.b.More than one topic has been discussed at the meeting.写此类似的为一个结构：more+复数名词+than one,谓语用复薮。a.More topics than one have been discussed at the meeting.b.More persons than one were killed.3)a+单数名词+or two作主语，谓语用单数。One or two+复数名词，谓语用复数。a.A word or two is misused in the sentence.b.One or two words are misused in the sentence.4)对于集体名词，如：party,crowd,class,team,family,crew,government,committee,audience,public 等,则要视情况而定：a.若集体名词被看成一个整体，则用单数谓语。b.若集体名词被看成是有具体若干成员组成的，则用复数谓语。试比较：The public is the best judge.The public are requested to write down their names in this book.He has joined the football team who are all famous footballers.A football team which keeps on training hard is more likely towin.There was a large audience in the great hall.The audience were excited.彳旦集体名词：police,militia(民兵)，cattle,people等总是接复数动词，而mankind,humanity接单数动词。Police in G uangdong Province are investigating an organizedcheating operation in Dianbai Country of the province duringnational college entrance exams.5）定冠词the+adj.或过去分词（1）若表示抽象概念，谓语用单数。（见a,b,c句）（2）表示一类人，则为复数概念，谓语用复数。（见d,e句）（3）有时根据上下文来判断。（见f,g句）.a.The good in him overweight the b a d.（抽象概念）他身上的优点比缺点多。b.The best is yet to come.c.The beautiful is not always the same as the good.d.The blind are unfortunate.e.The oppressed are to rise one day1f.The deceased was his mother.（表示单个的人）g.The deceased were ten farmers.6.复数形式的名词作主语与谓语动词形式的关系这种情况下，谓语动词形式不能一概而论。不过一条原则是：（1）若复数形式的名词表示的是复数概念，则显然要接复数谓语；（2）若复数形式的名词表示的是单数的概念，或将其看成一个整体部分，则用单数谓语。这么说来，在这种情况下，我们主要采用意义一致的原则来判断主谓一致。1）常0的表示成对概念的复数名词，如：pants,trousers,scissors,scales（天平），glasses,binoculars（双筒望远镜），spectacles,bifocals（双光眼镜）。谓语动词用复数。Where are my glasses?2）形式上是复数（词尾加s）,但表示单数概念的词，谓语用单数。Works（工厂）、gallows（绞刑J架）、politics,statistics,measles,diabetesa.Politics is often a popular topic among people.b.Statistics is a science.单若politics,statistics不表示学科，而分别表示 政治观点，“统计数据”时，则需要复数。Statistics prove that.What are your politics?3）表示时间，重量，数额的复数名词作主语，我们通常将它们看成一个整体，故谓语用单数。a.The years is a moment in history.b.One hundred dollars is a large sum for the poor.c.Two tons is enough.d.The difference between America and England is,the Englishthink 100 miles is a long distance and Americans think 100 yearsis a long time.值得注意的是，若“数词”单用，表示人或物，谓语动词一般用复数。a.Ten were killed and five were missing and several were severelywounded in that accident.b.Few know the fact.4）复数的专有名词后面都接复数谓语动词：a.The G reat Lakes are a series of five lakes between the USA andCanada.不过特殊的有：the United Nations,the United States 均看作一个整体，故用单数谓语动词。7.并列主语与谓语动词形式的关系1)由 a n d 连接的多个成分，若表示一种事物或一种概念时，用单数动词；若表示的是多个不同的概念时，则用复数动词。a.The writer and translator is delivering a speech in our collegetonight,(writer 和 translator 是指同个人)b.The writer and the translator are delivering a speech in ourcollege tonight.(此处指连个人)、c.The tenth and last lesson is translated by him.(同一课)d.The tenth and the last lesson are translated by him.(两个不同的课)2)若 and连接两个并列主语，且 and后面的名词有相关的觑词(not,perhaps,particularly,even,too,likewise,as well 等)修 饰，则谓语动词形式与and前面的名词保持一致。因为此时句子的真正主语应是and前面的名词，此 时 a n d 与前面的名词之间常有逗号隔开。a.The horse and not the donkey is used in games of racing.b.Tom,and not Jim,has gone there.c.That the sun and not the earth is the center of our planetarysystem was a difficult concept to grasp in the Middle Ages.d.Jack,and perhaps Williams,has been there.e.Jack,and particularly his parents,is fond of this music.3)两个表示不同物质的名词，虽 由 and连接，但习惯上此两样东西常常被同时使用，这时我们将二者看作是一整体，故谓语动词仍用单数。常见的这样的名词有：a.Bread and butter is my favorite breakfast.b.Apple pie and ice cream is the favorite dessert of many people.c.The fork and knife is hard for me to use4)or连接的并列主语，动词形式与or最靠近的主语保持一致。a.He or I am to go.b.Her sisters or his brother has a hobby of collecting stamps.5)every and(every)each，and(each),any*and(any),noand(no)，many aand(many a)连接的并列主语，用单数谓语动词。a.Every hour and every minute is important.b.Every man,woman and child is an important being.c.Every boy and girl has to have his hair neatly combedd.Many a man and(many a)woman has wished he or she had had abetter education.6)eitheror，not onlybut also,neither.nor，谓语动词单复数与or,but(also),nor后面的词一致。a.Not only the students but also their teacher is required toattend the meeting.b.Not only their teacher but also the students are required toattend the meeting.7)与第六点形成对照的是，“主语+with,together with,along with,as well as,as much as,including,in addition to,added to,except,besides,rather than,accompanied by+另一主语”的结构中，谓语动词形式与第一个主语保持人称和数的一致。a.Mary,along with her sisters,attends the sessions regularly.b.The students as well as the teacher are required to attend themeeting.c.I,as well as they,am ready to help you.8.在。f结构中谓语动词的单复数这类情况较为复杂，且不总是那么具有规律性。基本可归纳如下：1)像 kind,type,sort,class,species,breed,variety,form,brand,make等表示类别的名词，总的规律是：句子谓语动词单复数与of前面的名词形式保持一致。a.What kind of rice is served in that restaurant?b.This kind of apple is sour.c.The kind of apples is sour.d.Apples of this kind are sour.e.What kinds of rice are served in that restaurant?2)A pair of+复数名词，看作整体，用单数谓语动词。a.A pair of gloves/glassed is on the table.但是：b.Five pairs of gloves are on sale.3+the+最高女+of+n.复数+单数谓语The most elaborate of all bird nests is the large,doomed communalstructure buiIt by social weaverbirds.4)A number of/An average of/A total of+名词复数，用复数动词，强调数量the number/average/total of+名词复数，用单数动词，强调整体.a.A total of ten thousand dollars were donated last month.b.An average of ten thousand dollars a day are sent by this postoffice.c.The total of dollars donated last month was 100,000 dollars.d.The total of 10 thousand dollars donated last month was sent tothe flood-stricken areas.5)A part of+单数名词-单数谓语、复教名词-一复数谓语、，与此类似的还有：the rest/remainder of,most of,plenty o f,分数(如two-thirds)+of,百分数+of等等。它们的谓语动词数依of后名词而定，名词是单数，则谓语动词为复数；名词若是复数，谓语动词亦为复数。a.A part of the apple is bad.b.A part of the apples are bad.c.Three-fourths of the surface of the earth is covered with water.d.A third of their composition has been corrected.e.A third of their compositions have been corrected.f.Three-fourth of the people are illiterate.9.从句中的主谓一致问题(名词从句，动名词短语或动词不定式短语作主语，用单数谓语动词)1)主语从句或短语作主语，主句谓语用单数。a.Children interfering in their parents right to remarry hasbecome a social problem.b.When I can complete it is still unclear.c.What I said and did is of no concern to you.2)定语从句中的主谓一致请认真比较下列例句a.One of those men like