2023北京东城高三（上）期末英语试卷含答案.pdf

2023北京东城高三（上）期末英 语本试卷共12页，共 100分。考试时长90分钟。考生务必将答案答在答题卡上，在试卷上作答无效。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节 完形填空（共 10小题；每小题L 5 分，共 15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Jennifer finds Cecelia reading a newspaper alone in the room.uHi Cecelia,do you 1 me?Jennifer.The91-year-old resident at Newburgh elder care center says a friendly hello,but doesnt seem to recognize Jennifertoday.Ifs one nice spring afternoon.Jennifer invites Cecelia to go down to the 2 She helps Cecelia head tothe elevator.Cecelia wheels herself forward,as Jennifer 3 guides her from behind.The two have been getting to know each other over the past few months since Jennifer,the recent BostonUniversity graduate,began to volunteer in the center.4 residents with Alzheimers disease（阿尔茨海默症）.Down in the courtyard,Cecelia begins reading a poem,slowly and lyrically（抒情地）.Jennifer listensattentively,and then asks if Cecelia knows who wrote the poem,to help her with a 5 stretch.Together,they reflect on the poems meaning.Cecelias deep understanding of the poem suggests that she is sucha 6 lady.Jennifer tells Cecelia,Youre the one who makes me 7 coming here every week.I lovelearning from you.Youre like my teache匚“You give the old people a 8 to think and to know they get good care,Cecelia replies.Jennifers relationship with Cecelia has played an important role in 9 her passion for looking after oldergenerations.fc4We should take time to listen to them.Just listening is an act of 10 Jennifer says.1.A.hearB.understandC.trustD.remember2.A.courtyardB.centerC.elevatorD.room3.A.bravelyB.lightlyC.gratefullyD.immediately4.A.relying onB.looking intoC.appealing toD.caring for5.A.handB.legC.brainD.back6.A.frankB.wiseC.modestD.humorous7.A.look forward toB.pay attention toC.give in toD.object to8.A.dreamB.methodC.chanceD.plan9.A.rediscoveringB.exchangingC.consumingD.shaping10.A.friendshipB.kindnessC.loyaltyD.courage第二节 语法填空(共10小题；每小题1.5分，共 15分)A阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Sharon Brown 11(win)a Women in Innovation award in 2021 for her work in developing a blood testthat can help to identify cancer quicker and more accurately.The award was given by anorganisation 12(call)Innovate UK for International Womens Day celebrations.Sharon is one of 38women from the UK to have received the award.The award aims to support brilliant women to 13(full)achieve their visions and change the world in future.B阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Language Days at the United Nations seek 14(celebrate)cultural diversity and promote equal usageof the official languages.There are six days for each of the six official languages.The Chinese language is one of the six official languages chosen by the United Nations,and UN ChineseLanguage Day 15(hold)on April 20 every year.The date was selected from Guyu,16 is the 6th of24 solar terms in the traditional Chinese calendar.C阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1个适当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。Self-discipline is essential for every person,regardless of 17(he)age,class or profession.It shows apersons character and helps him build relationships with those around him.It also helps in making good use of theavailable time.And this 18(result)in increased productivity and enhanced efficiency.People who practiceself-discipline are always respected 19 society.It is proved 20 small changes in routine life such as sleeping and waking up at the same time eachday,eating healthy food,exercising and setting goals can help in achieving self-discipline.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第一节(共14小题；每小题2分，共28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡.上将该项涂黑。ATHE A RCHAEOLOGY(考古学)OF ENVIRONMENTAL CHANGESpring 2023Instructor:Dr.Jean SmithOffice:No,280Tel:170-735-6511E-mail:jean-smith un.eduOffice Hours:Tuesday 9-11 am.If you prefer,I am happy to set up a meeting online.If you have questions,please email me.I check my emails at least once a day,5 days per week and will respond to all questions within 24hours,except on weekends and holidays.(Environmental change has become one of the most debated topics of our time.But is environmental changea new phenomenon?Or have humans been faced with climate change and been active agents of environmentalchange over longer periods of time?You will find answers in this course.Learning OutcomesIn this course,students will analyze a range of issues related to human-environment interactions.Forexample,students will analyze how different human economic motivations have affected their environmentsthrough time.Students will examine how human actions can affect the environment,and how global environmental changecan affect human societies and cultural heritage resources locally in different ways.Students will compare and contrast modem responses to climate change with those of past societies.By the end of the term,students should be able to demonstrate a basic understanding of the approaches toenvironmental reconstruction and archaeological analysis.Course PlanThis is a Web Course delivered completely online,which means you work on the materials and turnassignments in on or before the due date.You will access online video lectures,readings,films,assignments,quizzes,and resources.Accordingly,you must have access to a functional computer and a reliable Internetconnection.Required ReadingsBecause of the vastness of the topic matter for this class,there is no required textbook.Instead,readingassignments will come from research articles.You may purchase or borrow books from the library after you get thebook list.Note:This document is a course plan,not a legal contract.If you have questions,talk to me during my officehour.21.What do we know about Dr.Smiths work schedule?A.She replies to students,emails every day.B.She arranges online meetings on weekends.C.She is available in her office two hours a week.D.She meets students face to face five days a week.22.One of the learning focuses of the course is.A.how cultural heritage has affected local societyB.how humans have adjusted to historical changesC.how human actions have influenced the environmentD.how present climate is different from that in the past23.What should students do before the course?A.Prepare devices.B.Buy textbooks.C.Pick a book list.D.Do some research.Ever since I was a young boy,Ive had a taste for adventure,but I never imagined this would lead to mychosen career.My work as an expedition doctor has taken me all over the world,from mosquito-infested wet land in Africa tothe untouched wilderness of Antarctica.However,my favourite trips,and the ones in which I now specialize,arethose involving mountains.Never do I feel more inspired by nature than when I look up at their towering peaks andbegin to prepare myself mentally for the challenges ahead.I trained as a doctor in the UK,but there was little in that training to prepare me to deal with a broken legduring a storm on the side of a mountain!In fact,Td say that medical skills come some way down the list of jobrequirements,after stamina（耐力）,problem-solving and communication.This kind of medicine million miles away from the controlled,clean environment of a hospital,and yourmedical kit basically consists of whatever you can carry,so you sometimes have to use whatever is available.Forexample,Tve learned that some drugs can be used fbr several conditions,and Fve even had to cut branches off asmall tree to make a piece of wood to support a broken arm.Now I do most of my work for adventure holiday companies,travelling to remote places.When I started out,these holidays were quite rare,but they have become much more mainstream now that weve all seen celebritiesclimbing Kilimanjaro or watched reality shows about people exploring jungles.I do have mixed feelings about all these people with large amounts of income coming to poor areas just fortheir own enjoyment,so I try to make sure that the companies I work for have high moral standards and bringadvantages to the local communities.And of course,tourism provides employment,and also opens the eyes ofvisitors to the hardship that many people are forced to go through.24.What made the author choose his career?A.His love of nature.B.His desire for adventure.C.His talent for medicine.D.His sense of responsibility.25.What is the biggest challenge for the author during the trips?A.Reducing potential risks.B.Surviving in the wild.C.Adapting to local customs.D.Dealing with emergencies.26.According to the author,the companies he now works for s h o u l d.A.satisfy tourists and make profitsB.offer tourists challenges and securityC.benefit local people as well as touristsD.build tourists?mental and physical well-beingCEvery robot is trained in some way to do a task.By seeing what to do,robots can copy the way of doing thetask.But they do so unthinkingly,perhaps relying on sensors to try to reduce collision（碰撞）risks,rather thanhaving any understanding of why they are performing the task or where they are within physical space.It meansthey will often make mistakeshitting the object in their way,fbr instance.Hod Lipson and his colleagues are trying to face the challenge.They placed a robot arm in a laboratory whereit was surrounded by four cameras at ground level and one camera above it.These fed video images back to a deepneural（神经的）network,a form of AI,connected to the robot that monitored its movement within the space.For 3hours,the robot arm moved randomly and the neural network was fed information about the arm*s mechanicalinputs and watched how it responded by seeing where it moved to in the space.This generated nearly 8,000 datapointsand the team generated an additional 10,000 through a simulation（模拟）of the robot in a virtual version ofits environment.To test how well the AI had worked,a cloud-like diagram was generated to show where the neural network“thought“the arm should be found as it moved.It was accurate to within 1 percent,meaning if the workspace was 1metre wide,the system correctly estimated its position to within 1 centimetre.If the neural network is considered tobe part of the robot itself,this suggests the robot has the ability to visualise where it physically is at any givenmoment.“To me,this is the first time in the history of robotics that a robot has been able to create a mental model ofitself,says Lipson.Its a small step,but its a sign of things to come.Learning about the research,Andrew Hundt at the Georgia Institute of Technology says,There is potential forfurther research to lead to useful applications based on this method,but not self-perception.The computer simplymatches shape and motion patterns that happen to be in the shape of a robot arm that moves.David Cameron at theUniversity of Sheffield,UK,also says that following a specified path to complete a goal is easily achieved byexisting robots.27.Hod Lipsons work focuses on r o b o t s.A.flexibility B.self-awarenessC.deep-learning ability D.error correction28.What is the function of the neural network in the experiment?A.To process and transform neural information.B.To study and simulate Als virtual environment.C.To analyse and predict the arms position changes.D.To record and output the video images of the robot.29.As for the result of the experiment,Andrew Hundt is.A.sympathetic B.contentC.uncertain D.disapproving30.What is the main purpose of the passage?A.To discuss a scientific concept.B.To assess a scientific finding.C.To introduce a science application.D.To present a science research.DHardly a day goes by without a company telling us in its beautifully crafted advertising how much itcontributes to the environment on our behalf.Flowers grow out of power-station chimneys;SUVs are presented innatural habitats;oil companies use sunny,friendly logos and promise cleaner technologies-although,in fact,theyfail to make enough investment in renewable or alternative energy sources.Statistics are made up,and the tiniestecological improvements are overstated in multi-million-dollar advertising campaigns,while in the meantime thegreedy side of the business continues.This is known as greenwashing,which means making things that are not green look green”.The phenomenonhas long existed since the first Earth Day in 1970,when companies spent$300 million advertising themselves asgreen companiesmany times more than the money they actually spent on research into pollution reduction itself.And the trend continued over the following decades when some of the planefs worst polluters tried to passthemselves off as eco-friendly.As the publics environmental awareness grew,so too did the experience ofcorporate public relations strategies,and advertisers found ever-more-creative ways to use a green curtain to hidedark motives.Of course,some businesses are genuinely committed to making the world a better,greener place.But when acompany spends more time and money claiming to be“green than actually adopting business practices thatminimize environmental impact,it is clear that,for them,environmentalism is little more than a convenientslogan（口 号）.Their message is“buy our products and you will end global warming,improve air quality and savethe oceans”.At best,such greenwashing pushes the fact to its limits;at worst,it helps conceal deception.And what about today s consumers?Few of them are truly well-equipped to make informed decisions aboutwhat is true.Greenwashing is only possible because consumers often believe what they are being told-why elsewould companies do it?More infbnnation and greater awareness are essential.Analysing the tricks used byadvertisers should be part of every school curriculum.Non-governmental organisations can spread the word.Consumer groups can punish the greenwashing companies.But it is not enough.Legally enforceable systems mustbe put in place.So what is already being done about planned attempts to pull the wool over consumers5 eyes?In the UnitedStates,the Federal Trade Commission is taking action against misleading advertising claims.France has publishedGreen Claims Guidance,stressing that t4an advertisement must avoid conveying a message contrary to the acceptedprinciples of sustainable development”.All of these surely are the heart of the matter:the true impact of advertisingis the promotion of unsustainable lifestyles.And therein lies the real danger to our planet,a danger which cannot beignored any longer.31.What can we learn about greenwashing?A.It is an ecological concept.B.It is a marketing technique.C.It is an awareness campaign.D.It is an advertising innovation.32.What does the underlined phrase conceal deception,in Paragraph 3 mean?A.Hide the tnith.B.Raise the risk.C.Expose the weakness.D.Break the limit.33.What can be inferred about most consumers?A.They are lacking in knowledge.B.They have encouraged greenwashing.C.They may question consumer groups.D.They tend to make sensible decisions.34.What is the last paragraph mainly about?A.Actions to fight false advertising.B.Ways to protect customers9 interest.C.Attempts to solve environmental problems.D.Proposals to ensure sustainable