2023年初中英语语法不定式句法功能详解及典型考题分析.docx

2023年初中英语语法不定式句法功能详解及典型考题分析.不定式做主语(1)不定式的逻辑主语由引导词来引导，这类引导词最常见的是 for和of o这一类相应的搭配有以下：absurd, bold, brave, courageous, careful, careless, clever, wise, foolish, silly, stupid, good, nice, kind, thoughtful, considerate, greedy, generous, honest, modest, polite, rude, cruel, selfish, lazy, wicked, wrongo如：Doctors say that walking is one of the best methods for human beings to keep fit。医生说，走路几乎是保持健康最好的方 法。It' s so considerate of to arrange the accommodation for USo都帮我们安排了食宿，您真是考虑的太周到了。.(2)不定式做主语补足语：掌握常用不定式做主语补足语的句型。注意不定式表示的动作发 生的时间，并采用相应形式。如：be said / reported / thought / believed / known / supposed + to do sth.例如：You were warned not to read in the strong light, cause it will hurt your eyesighto不要在强光下看书，会伤害你的眼睛。1 .不定式做宾语掌握要求接不定式做宾语的动词：afford, arrange, attempt, claim, desire, determine, expect, fail, guarantee, endeavor, intend, pledge, pretend, resolve, 候，孩子们都转过头来看她。11.【解析】Co考查不定式用作目的状语，to help reduce unemployment pressures的意思是“为了减轻失业压力”。全句意 为：为了减轻失业压力，中国的学校今年有望聘用50,000大学毕业 生作为短期教师，差不多是去年聘用学生人数的三倍。request, swear, tend, ventureo如：I can' t afford to buy a house of my own now.我现在还买 不起自己的房子。3.不定式做定语(1)被修饰的名词前有序数词、形容词最高级或next, last, only, not a, the, very等限定词时，该名词用不定式做定语。如：He is the last human being to see a live dinosaur 他是最 后一个看到活恐龙的人(哈哈，小编插一句，这也太传奇了)(2)如果其动词要求不定式做宾语，相应的名词一般用不定式做 定语。如：decision to dodecide to doHe made decision to do the housework=he decided to do the housework.(他决定做家务了)不定式五大考点解析动词不定式的构成形式为"to+动词原形"，to为动词不定式的符 号，本身无意义。一、动词不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时，可以直接放在谓 语动词前面的主语位置，也可以用先行词it作形式主语，而将真正 的主语(不定式)置于后面。常见的句式有：(1) It is + 形容词(of sb) to do sth.(2) It is +名词(for sb) to do sth.(3)It takes sb some time to do sth.(4) It is +形容词(for sb) to do sth.句式（1）中常用 nice, kind, clever, good, right, wrong, foolish, careless等形容词，与介词of搭配，这些形容词常表述 不定式逻辑主语的属性或性质；句式（4）中常用 hard, difficult, easy, important 等形容 词，与介词for搭配，表示不定式表示的动作、行为的性质。1. It's our dutythe room every day. A. to cleanB. cleaned C. clean D. cleans （甘肃省）It's hard for us English well. A. learn B.learns C. to learn D. learning（江西省）2. 建造这座立交桥将花费工人们一年多的时间。It will the workers over a year theflyover.（北京市海淀区）Itr s very nice you to get me two ticketsthe World Cup. A. for, of B. of, for C. to, for D. of, to（安徽省）Keys： 1. A 2. C 3. take, to, build 4. B二、动词不定式作宾语在 want, like, agree, hope, wish, learn, begin, start, seem, decide, hate, choose, forget, remember等动词后面，可以接不定式作宾语。如果其后接形容词补 足语时，则可以用it作形式宾语，而把作真正宾语的不定式放到后 面。1. He wantssome vegetables. A. buy B. buying C. Lo buyD. buys （山西省）Don't forget your homework with you when you cometo school. A. to bring B. bringing C. to take D. taking （福建省）2. He found it very difficult. A. sleeping B. sleeps C. slept D. to fall asleep （湖南省）Keys： 1. C 2. A 3. D三、动词不定式作宾语补足语不定式可以用作宾语补足语。后 面可以接不定式作宾语补足语的动词有：ask, teach, expect, tell, allow 等。1. Robert often asks us his Chinese, so his Chineseis much better than before. A. help him B. to help him with C. to help with D. helps him with （江苏省）Mr Li often teaches his Japanese friends Chinesefood. A. cook B. cooks C. to cook D. cooked （甘肃省）Key： 1. B 2. C四、动词不定式作状语 go, come, try, do / try one's best 等动词或短语动词作谓语时，其后常常可以接不定式作目的状语。1. She went her teacher. A. to see B. looks C. saw D. seeing （江西省）2. Meimei likes English very much. She does her best English well. A. learn B. learning C. to learn D. learns （四 川省）Key： 1. A 2. C"be +形容词+ to do sth"结构中的不定式作状语，常表示原因 或方式Im sorrythat. A. hears B. hearing C. hear D.to hear （河北省）Im sorry you. A. trouble B. to trouble C.troubling D. troubled （吉林省）My mother was very glad her old friend. A. to meetB. meet C. met D. meets （甘肃省）Keys： 3. D 4. B 5. A在上述"too +形容词/副词（for sb） to do在太而不能和"enough （for sb） to do"（足以、足够做）结构中，不定式作结果状语。6. The panda is so fat that it can't go through the hole.（改 为意思相同的句子）The holesuch afat panda to go through.（广 东省）7. The ice on the lake was so thin that people couldn11 skate on it.（改为意思相同的句子）The ice on the lake wasn't enough people.（广东省）Keys： 6. is, too, small, for 7. thick, for, to, skate, on五、动词不定式作定语不定式作定语时，常放在被修饰的词语 之后，与被修饰的词语为逻辑上的主谓关系或动宾关系；如果不定式的动词是不及物动词，其后要加上必要的介词或 副词，构成的短语动词相当于及物动词。8. Would you like something? A. drink B. drinking C. to drink D. drinks （湖北省）I have a lot of homework. A. do B. doing C. didD. to do （河南省）9. He is not an easy man . A. get on B. to get on C. get on with D. to get on with （山东省）Key： 1. C 2. D 3. D典型不定式考题分析1. All of them try to use the power of the workstation information in a more effective way.A. presentingB. presentedC. beingpresentedD. to present2. We are invited to a party in our club next Friday.A. tobeheldB. heldC. beingheldD. holding3. The play next month aims mainly to reflect thelocal culture.B. beingD. havingA. producedproducedC. to be producedbeen produced4. With the world changing fast, we have something new with all by ourselves every day.B. dA. dealealtealtealtC. todealD. dealingDavid threatened his neighbour to the policeif the damages were not paid.A. tobereportedB. reportingto reportD. havingreported6. Nowadays people sometimes separate their waste to makeit easier for it A. reusingB. reusedC. reusesC. to be reused, the pay isn' t attractive enough, though thejob itself is quite interesting.A. Generallyspeaking B. OnthecontraryC. In particular D. To be honest7. the project in time, the staff were working at weekends.A. CompetingB. Havingcompleted C. To have completed D. To complete, you need to give all you have and try yourbest.A. Being a winnerB. To be awinnerwinnerwinnerC.BewinnerD. Having been a winnerThe children all turned the famous actress asshe entered the classroom.A. looked atB. to lookatC. tolookingatD. look at8. Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, almost three times the number hired last year, reduce unemployment pressures.A. helpB. tohavehelpedC. tohelpD. having helped.【解析】D。此题考查use sth to do sth结构，意为“用做某事”，其中的不定式为宾语补足语。句意为：他们都试图用工作 站的力量来更有效地展示信息。又如：People use a knife to cut things. 人们用刀切东西。The boy used the box to keep his toys in.这男孩用这个箱子装他的玩具。1 .【解析】A。由于party与hold之间为被动关系，所以可以首 先排除选项D；再根据句中的next Friday可知，hold所表示的动词 尚未发生，所以要用不定式的被动式。又如：They were not very interested in the election to be held next month, 他们对下 月举行的选举不太有兴趣。2 .【解析】C。根据句中的next month可知，动作尚未发生，故 应填不定式的被动式。又如：Do you know anything about theconference to be held next week? 你对下星期召开的会议有什么 了解吗？3 .【解析】Co此题考查have sth to do句式,其意为“有要句意为：随着世界的快速变化，我们每天都要独自处理一 些新的事情。4 .【解析】C。表示威胁要做某事，threaten后习惯上接不定式， 不接动名词。 又如：My secretary has threatened to leave. 我 的秘书威胁说要辞职。The farmer threatened to set his dogs on us.那个农场主威胁着要让狗咬我们。5 .【解析】D。此题考查由介词for引出的不定式复合结构 for+ 宾语+不定式。类似的例子如：Can you arrange for the goods to be delivered on Monday? 你能不能安排在周一把货送到？6 .【解析】D。考查独立结构to be honest的用法，其意为“说 老实话""老实说"。又如：To be honest, I just don, t like him. 说 老实话，我就是不喜欢他。To be honest, I don' t think we have a chance of winning.说实话，我认为我们没有获胜的可能。7 .【解析】D。不定式用于句首表示目的（即用作目的状语）。 又如：To avoid any delay please phone your order direct. 为 免延误，请直接打电话预订。To gratify my curiosity, do tell me what it is.为满足我的好奇心，你一定得告诉我那是什么。8 .【解析】Bo不定式用于句首表示目的（即用作目的状语）。 句意为：要想获胜，你必面要倾其所有，全力以赴。9 .【解析】B。考查不定式用作目的状语的用法一一“转头”的 目的是“为了看”。句意为：当这位著名的女演员走进教室的时