解析：黑龙江省哈尔滨师范大学附属中学2021-2022学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题(解析版).docx

哈师大附中2020级高二上期末考试英语试题本试卷分为第I卷（选择题）和第II卷（非选择题）两部分。满分150分。考试时间为120分钟。第一部分:第一节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. Whafs wrong with the man's mother?A. She has a poor diet.B. She has high blood pressure.C. She has high blood sugar.2. Why did the woman call her friends?A. To wake them up.B. To get help from them.C. To inform them of a meeting.3. When did the woman get home last night?A. At 10:00B. At 10:30.C. At 11:00.4. What did the man forget to buy?A. Milk.B. Fish.C Eggs.5. Where does the conversation take place?A. At a hotel.B. At a restaurant.C. At an airport.第二节（共5小题；每小题1分，满分5分）听下面几段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题,每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第67题。6. Why did the speaker start a running club for women?A. To train women runners for the race.B. To make money to have her back cured.C. To help them discover the fun of running.7. Why did the women join the running club?A. To lose weight.B. To kill the time.C. To become confident.world's third largest dam at Belo Monte, China which recently completed the largest dam at Three Gorges, and Ethiopia which is planning dams along the Omo, insist that these dams are essential for national economic development."（其他国家，如正在规划在贝洛蒙特建立世界第三大水坝的巴西、最近在三峡建成最大水坝 的中国和正在规划奥莫河沿岸水坝的埃塞俄比亚，坚持认为这些水坝对国家经济发展至关重要。）可知，有 些国家认为水坝对国家经济发展至关重要，由此可推断出，第二段中给出的例子是用来说明大坝给这些国 家带来了巨大的经济利益。故选C项。【20题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段关键句 u Yet for all the environmental damage to its downstream river system, its very difficult for you to find an Egyptian that is in favor of its removal. The dam has been an outstanding economic success, bringing improved harvests from better irrigation despite drought conditions, hydropower and flood protection worth billions of dollars."（然而，尽管下游河流系统受到了环境破坏，但你很难找到一个赞成将其清除的埃及人。 这座大坝在经济上取得了巨大成功，尽管干旱，水力发电和洪水保护价值数十亿美元，但通过更好的灌溉带 来了更好的收成。）可知，很难找到一个赞成将大坝清除的埃及人，因为这座大坝在经济上取得了巨大成功， 通过更好的灌溉带来了更好的收成，由此可知，埃及人反对拆除阿斯旺大坝，因为他们从大坝中获得的利益 超过了预期。故选D项。21题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段关键句"Jamie Skinner, who was senior advisor to the World Commission on Dams, and now heads the Water division at the International Institute for Environment and Development, suggests the answer might be to issue dam builders with limited-length licenses. "In America, the licenses are only fbr 30 or 50 years, after which there is a review. The reason why many dams are being removed there now is that their licenses have expired （至期）and the dams would no longer pass the stricter environmental planning regulations.he says. ”（Jamie Skinner是世界水坝委员会的高级顾问，现在是国际环境与发展研究所水资源部门的负责人。他建 议，答案可能是向水坝建造商发放有限长度的许可证。“在美国，许可证的有效期只有30年或50年，之后 将进行审查。许多水坝现在被拆除的原因是它们的许可证已经到期，大坝将不再通过更严格的环境规划条 例”他说。）可知，Jamie Skinner建议制定更严格的环境规划规则，通过向水坝建造商发放有限长度的许可 证来限制大坝造成的破坏，由此可知，JamieSkinner认为限制大坝破坏的关键方法是制定更严格的环境规划 规则。故选D项。DWhen you don't have a car and need to get around, are you more likely to call for an Uber or Lyft, or a cab? Last Friday, Lyftthe ride-sharing company, went public as its stocks （股票）started trading on the market. Lyft has become the first big initial public offering of the “gig economy age. While the company is not making profits yet, it is changing the meaning of work. What is gig economy and what makes it so appealing?Gig works are independent contracts or part-time jobs such as Uber. In the gig economy, companies hire independent contractors instead of full-time employees. This is different from traditional companies where full-time workers hold a lifetime career. In the past, only small companies hired contractors, while today, employers like Amazon and Google rely on temporary workforce. These companies save costs as they are not legally required to provide healthcare benefits, retirement savings or paid time off to gig workers.Gig work appeals to different people for different reasons. For some, it affords flexible timings and for others who are looking for full-time jobs, it provides a source of income to support themselves. Some people work a fulltimejob and supplement （补充）their salary with gig jobs such as driving for Uber or Lyft.Joining the gig economy may be simple, but maintaining a steady career is easier said than done. Gig work comes with unsteady pay and workloads. You're your own boss. It sounds fiin, but when you have no self-control and an unsteady job, you might splurge all your money the first week and live on bread pieces for the rest of the month! Besides a strong sense of responsibility, gig workers have to stay up to date to get companies to hire them.Despite the challenges gig workers face, nearly 60 million Americans are part of this workforce. As this number grows, we have to see how society and companies adapt to this new world of work!22. What can be learned about Lyft from the passage?A. It has built up a large fortune.B. It employs a fixed number of full-time workers.C. It appeals to people as a means of public transport.D. It marks the arrival of gig economy age.23. Who are most likely to become gig workers?A.People seeking for a steadyincome.B.People in need of flexible workinghours.C.Those desperate to getpaidvacations.D.Those concerned about retirementaccounts.24. What does the underlined word "splurge” in paragraph 4 mean?A.Spend money freely.B.Save money automatically.C.Earn money quickly.D.Assign money casually.25. What is the message mainly conveyed in the passage?A. Gig workers have to face some potential challenges.B. Gig workers have to possess some much-needed qualities.C. The appearance of gig companies will solve the job problems.D. People should adjust to new work trends with the rise of gig companies.【答案】22. D23. B 24. A 25. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了什么是“零工经济”，以及零工工作的优缺点。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段关键句 "Lyfit has become the first big initial public offering of the "gig economy age. While the company is not making profits yet, it is changing the meaning of work.” （Lyft 已成为“零工经济”时 代的第一家首次大规模公开募股的公司。虽然公司还没有盈利，但它正在改变工作的意义。）可知，Lyft是 “零工经济”时代的第一家首次大规模公开募股的公司，它正在改变工作的意义，由此可知，从这篇文章中我们可以得知Lyft标志着零工经济时代的到来。故选D项。【23题详解】推理判断题。根据第三段关键句 "Gig work appeals to different people for different reasons. For some, it affords flexible timings and for others who are looking for full-time jobs, it provides a source of income to support themselves."（由于不同的原因，零工工作吸引了不同的人。对于一些人来说，它提供了灵活的时间安排, 而对于另一些正在寻找全职工作的人来说，它提供了一个收入来源来养活自己。）可知，零工工作适合需要 灵活的工作时间的人，或者需要一个收入来源来养活自己的人，结合选项内容，“需要灵活工作时间的人” 最有可能成为零工经济的从业人员。故选B项。【24题详解】词义猜测题。根据画线单词上文“Gig work comes with unsteady pay and workloads.（临时工的工资和工作 量不稳定。）可知，临时工的工资和工作量不稳定；根据画线单词下文"live on bread pieces for the rest of the month”（这个月剩下的时间都靠面包片过活）可知，下文在针对临时工的工资和工作量不稳定进行解释， 由此可知，句中指第一周赚的多，你可能随便花钱，但接下来赚得少了，你就要靠面包片过活，“Spendmoney freely"意为"自由花钱”，能够代替画线单词在句中所要表达的意思。故选A项。25题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容 “Despite the challenges gig workers face, nearly 60 million Americans are part of this workforce. As this number grows, we have to see how society and companies adapt to this new world of work!”（尽管临时工面临挑战，但仍有近6000万美国人加入了这一劳动力大军。随着这个数字的增长，我 们必须看到社会和公司如何适应这个新的工作世界！）可知，随着零工经济的发展，我们应该学会适应这个 新的工作世界，由此可知，文章主要传达的信息是随着零工公司的兴起，人们应该适应新的工作趋势。故选 D项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。Did you know that about 90% of people in the world are right-handed? Although this subject is rarely discussed, life is often difficult for lefties in a right-handed world.Many cultures have not been friendly to lefties over the years. 26 In Latin, it was connected with something “unlucky” and “evil”. In Old English, “lefiT meant “weak”. In Islamic culture, people commonly use their left hand to clean themselves after they use the toilet, so many Muslims feel the left hand is unclean.Because of these ideas, parents often force their left-handed children to write with their right hands.27 Studies show that forcing left-handed children to use the right hand can cause learning disorders and speech issues. Besides these challenges, lefties must use tools which aren't made for them. Most scissors, knives, and musical instruments are designed for righties. Using these items can be difficult or even dangerous for lefties.28 Some believe that it occurs due to gene movements in the spinal cord before birth. Another study has said that there are social reasons why few people are lefties. People may choose to become right-handed to fit in with others.Though there are challenges, being left-handed can be good in many ways. 29 This is because righthanders who play against them are not used to their moves. Some studies have also found that on average, lefthanders are better at remembering things and dealing with difficult math problems.Today, society's ideas about being left-handed have started to change. More and more people believe that being left-handed is a gift to a person instead of a curse （诅咒）.30 It's on August 13 and calledInternational Lefthanders Day. Left-handed people gather together to celebrate. This special day lets people know that ifs OK if things aren't all right all the time.A. Left-handers have some disadvantages.B. There's even a special day for left-handers.C. Being a left-hander sometimes does better jobs.D. For starters, left-handers might do better in sports.E. Scientists still aren't sure why people become left-handed.F. Unfortunately, this can cause problems with their development.G. The word was linked to negative ideas in several languages.【答案】26, G 27. F 28. E 29. D 30. B【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍左撇子的优势和劣势。世界上90%的人都是右撇子，虽然这个话题很 少被讨论，但左撇子在右撇子的世界里生活往往很艰难。【26题详解】根据上文“Many cultures have not been friendly to lefties over the years.（多年来，许多文化对左撇子并不友 好）”，且空格下文内容在描述左撇子在拉丁语和古老英语中的不友好的含义。由此可知，设空处承接上、 下文，G项The word was linked to negative ideas in several languages在几种语言中,这个词与消极的想法联 系在一起）切题。故选G。【27题详解】根据下文 u Studies show that forcing left-handed children to use the right hand can cause learning disorders and speech issues.（研究表明，强迫左撇子儿童使用右手会导致学习障碍和语言障碍）”可知，此处顺承下文，F项 Unfortunately, this can cause problems with their development.（不幸的是，这可能会导致他们的发展问题）切题。 该项中的 cause problems 与下文的 cause learning disorders and speech issues 相吻合。故选 F。【28题详解】该空位于段落首句，是中心句；根据下文“Some believe that it occurs due to gene movements in the spinal cord before birth. Another study has said that there are social reasons why few people are lefties.（ 一些人认为这是由于 出生前脊髓中的基因运动造成的。另一项研究表明很少人是左撇子是有社会原因的）”可知，此处在讲述变 成左撇子的原因。由此可知，E项Scientists still aren't sure why people become left-handed.（科学家们仍然不能 确定为什么人们会变成左撇子）切题。故选E。【29题详解】根据上文 “This is because right-handers who play against them are not used to their moves.（这是因为那些和左撇 子一起比赛的右手的人不习惯他们的动作）”可知，此处在讲述左撇子的在比赛方面的优点。由此可知，D 项For starters, left-handers might do better in sports.（对于比赛者而言，左撇子在运动方面做的更好。）切题。 故选Do【30题详解】根据下文 “It's on August 13 and called International Lefthanders Day.（这一天是 8 月 13 日，被称为国际左撇子 日）”可知,左撇子有专门的特殊节日。由此可知,B项There's even a special day for left-handers.（甚至还有 一个左撇子的特殊日子）切题。故选B。第三部分：英语知识运用（共两节，满分45分）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题L5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的 最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。I was a happy kid with a supportive family and a lot of friends. But frankly speaking growing up was really31 and even painful. During my childhood, I spent much time trying to achieve perfection in every aspectof my life, which made me extremely tired and anxious. I wanted everyone's compliments and hugely feared criticism. But I didn't realize that I was the one who 32 myself in the toughest way.After I graduated from high school my 33 to be "thin" began to trouble me. I went on a diet. In the beginning I dieted by controlling food and gradually I started 34 meals. I lost weight day by day and felt super good. What I didn't see was that I was slowly 35 myself.People around me began to 36 my weight loss. They said with concern, “You're losing too much weight.” “Elisa, you're so skinny." All their words only suggested that I was getting closer to "37Sadly, I took my physical 38 the first important in my life, 39 that it was the way to become attractive and accepted. Then I cut down my 40 more and more, until a 41 dayincluding half a teaspoon of nonfat yoghurt and black coffee in the morning, and a cup of grapes at night.But my poor 42 began to cause me to lose 43. Then one night, like many nightsbefore, I couldn't sleep, and my heart felt as though it might beat out of my chest. I tried to 44, but Icouldn't. The beating became so rapid and so strong that I could no longer 45, What I had done to dietnearly caused me to have a heart attack. I stood up, and immediately fell down. I was really 46, and Iknew I needed help. My roommate rushed me to the 47, beginning the long road to my 48It took a lot-doctors, nurses, nutritionists, and food supplements.And more importantly, a sense of what was true about myself got back on track with reality. I realized that, with my 49 of trying to be "perfect“ on the 50, I had sacrificed who I was inside my body.Now what I know is, we are-every one of us-already perfect enough.31.A.naturalB.easyC.hardD.possible32.A.commentedB.preferredC.praisedD.criticized33.A.problemB.desireC.wayD.promise34.A.collectingB.checkingC.skippingD.balancing35.A.killingB.forgettingC.askingD.questioning36.A.rejectB.acceptC.stareD.notice37.A.perfectionB.devotionC.destinationD.attention38.A.strengthB.appearanceC.exerciseD.expression39.A.believingB.convincingC.pretendingD.declaring40.A.expenseB.movementC.foodD.travel41.A.pleasantB.difficultC.typicalD.different【答案】31. C 32. D42.A.memoryB.nutritionC.knowledgeD.disability43.A.weightB.hopeC.sleepD.job44.A.relaxB.wakeC.eatD.talk45.A.resistB.breatheC.focusD.remember46.A.scaredB.annoyedC.discouragedD.disappointed47.A.bedB.hospitalC.schoolD.office48.A.gloryB.discoveryC.victoryD.recovery49.A.skillB.decisionC.experienceD.deal50.A.wholeB.faceC.mindD.outside33. B 34. C35. A 36. D 37. A 38. B39. A 40. C 41.C 42. B 43. C 44. A 45. B46. A 47. B 48. D 49. C 50. D【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述的是作者因过度节食减肥导致生病的经历，通过这次经历作者意识到， 不要过分追求完美，因为我们每个人都已经足够完美了。31题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但坦率地说，成长真的很艰难，甚至很痛苦。A. natural自然的；B. easy容易 的；C. hard 艰难的；D. possible 可能的。根据 “and” 后的 “even painful” 和下文 “made me extremely tired and anxious"可知，为了在生活的各个方面都达到完美，我感到非常疲惫和焦虑，由此可知，成长是艰难的， 甚至是痛苦的。故选C项。【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：但我没有意识到我是那个以最严厉的方式批评我自己的人。A.commented评论； B. preferred 更喜欢；C. praised 表扬；D. criticized 批评。根据上文 u spent much time trying to achieve perfection in every aspect of my life"可知，我花了很多时间试图在生活的方方面面达到完美，我对自己要求很严格， 有一点不完美就会批评自己，由此可知，我在以最严厉的方式批评我自己，空格处应用“criticized"，与上 文 “feared criticism"中的"criticism” 相呼