2022届上海市虹口区高考二模英语试题.docx

2022届上海市虹口区高考二模英语试题短对话1.A. Get the man's salad.C. Find a table for the man.2.A. Delighted.C. Relieved.3.A. In a bookstore.C. In a restaurant.4.A. Go to the office.C. Give the woman a ride.5.A. Continue to read.C. Make some coffee.B , Check the order again.D. Pay fbr the man's bill.B. Respectful.D. Doubtful.B. In a shop.D. In a market.B. Repair her car.D. Go to school.B. Meet the woman at the library.D. Go out with some friends.6. He has taken a course in Russian opera.A. He has learned some Russian words in the opera.B. He enjoys seeing the opera even though it is in Russian.C. He does not understand why students are required to perform an opera in Russian.7. The speakers are unhappy with their life.B , The speakers share a similar view on life.C. The woman is just as unlucky as the man.D. The woman is more sensitive than the man.8. A. The woman does not like the movie.B , The man pays for the tickets as a rule.People with a rare genetic disorder known as Prader-Willi syndrome never feel full, and this excess hunger can lead to life-threatening obesity（月巴胖症）.Scientists studying the problem have now found that the fist-shaped structure known as the cerebellum（小脑）一which had not previously been linked to hunger - is key to regulating satiation（饱食）in those with this condition.This finding is the latest in a series of discoveries revealing that the cerebellum, long thought to be primarily involved in movement harmony, also plays a broad role in cognition, emotion and behavior. "We've opened up a whole field of cerebellar control of food intake J says Albert Chen, a neuroscientist at the Scintillon Institute in California.The project began with an accidental observation: Chen and his team noticed they could make mice stop eating by activating small pockets of neurons（神经元）in regions known as the anterior deep cerebellar nuclei （aDCN）, within the cerebellum. Fascinated, the researchers gathered data using functional MRI to compare brain activity in 14 people who had Prader-Willi syndrome with activity in 14 unaffected people while each testee viewed images of food either immediately following a meal or after fasting（禁食）for at least four hours.New analysis of these scans revealed that activity in the same regions Chen's group had accurately pointed out in mice, the aDCN, appeared to be significantly disturbed in humans with Prader-Willi syndrome. In healthy individuals, the aDCN were more active in response to food images while fasting than just after a meal, but no such difference was identifiable in participants with the disorder. The result suggested that the aDCN were involved in controlling hunger. Further experiments on mice, conducted by researchers from several different institutions, demonstrated that activating the animals9 aDCN neurons dramatically reduced food intake by weakening how the brain's pleasure center responds to food.For years neuroscientists studying appetite focused mainly either on the hypothalamus, a brain area involved in regulating energy balance, or on reward-processing centers such as the nucleus acc以加（伏隔核）.But this group has identified a new feeding center in the brain, says Elanor Hinton, a neuroscientist at the University of Bristol in England who was not involved with the study. "I've been working in appetite research for the past 15 years or so, and the cerebellum has just not been a target/ Hinton says. “I think this is going to be important both for Prader-Willi syndrome and, much more widely, to address obesity in the general population., 63. Before the recent study, scientists had assumed that the cerebellum.A. helps control everyday food intakeB , plays a minor role in movement harmonyC. has nothing to do with appetite regulationhas a direct link to behavioral development64. According to the project conducted by the researchers,.A. the healthy testees were more likely to overeat after fastingB , food images increased the appetite of the testees with Prader-Willi syndromeC. the aDCN in the healthy testees responded to food images more actively after fastingthe aDCN in the testees with Prader-Willi syndrome made no response to food images65 . What does Elanor Hinton imply about future appetite research?A. It may help in the early diagnosis of Prader-Willi syndrome.B. It will have broader implications for the treatment of obesity.C. The potential feeding center in human brain remains to be discovered.D. More studies are needed to understand the link between appetite and reward-processing.66 . What does the passage mainly talk about?A. How our brain controls overeating.B. How the aDCN works up our appetite.C. How Prader-Willi syndrome can be prevented.D. How lowering food intake benefits our overall health.八、六选四Artificial Intelligence Develops an Ear for BirdsongWe can learn a lot from nature if we listen to it more - and scientists around the world are trying to do just that. From mountain peaks to ocean depths, biologists are planting audio recorders to eavesdrop（窃听）on the whistles and songs of whales, elephants, bats and especially birds. This summer, for example, over 2,000 electronic ears will record the sound scape of California's Sierra Nevada mountain range. 67“Audio data is a real treasure because it contains vast amounts of infbrmation J says ecologist Connor Wood, a Cornell University postdoctoral researcher, who is leading the Sierra Nevada project. ctWe just need to think creatively about how to share and access that information." 68 Fortunately the latest generation of machine-learning AI systems can process thousands of hours of data in less than a day.Stefan Kahl, a machine-learning expert at Cornell's Center for Conservation Bioacoustics and ChemnitzUniversity of Technology in Germany, built BirdNET, one of the most popular avian-sound-recognition systems used today. Wood's team will rely on BirdNET to analyze the Sierra Nevada recordings. 69 The neural network then teaches itself which features can be used to associate an input （in this case, a bird's call） with a label （the bird's identity）.70 Although they analyze audio much more quickly than humans, they still lag behind in filtering out overlapping sounds to home in on a signal of interest. Some researchers see this as the next problem for AI to tackle. Even the current imperfect versions, however, enable sweeping projects that would be far too time-consuming fbr humans to tackle alone. "As ecologists,Wood says, "tools like BirdNET allow us to dream big.”A. A wealth of such data already exists for common birds.B , They altogether will generate nearly a million hours of audio.C. These machine-learning AI systems still have room for improvement.D. Such recordings can create valuable snapshots （简介）of animal communities.E. This is a tricky problem because it takes humans a long time to decode recordings.F. Such systems start by analyzing hundreds of recorded bird calls, each “labeled“ with its corresponding species.九、概要写作. Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point（s） of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Why Is Littering a Surprisingly Big Issue?Compared with the blindingly obvious environmental issues we hear about every day, littering often takes a backseat but it's more pressing than we may think.If you were to throw, say, a banana peel（香蕉皮）out of your car while driving along the motorway, that would be a completely harmless action, due to the fact that it's part of a fruit right? Actually, no. A banana peel can take up to two years to decompose（分解），and with a third of motorists admitting to littering while driving, thafs a whole lot of abandoned banana peels, or much worse. An orange peel and a cigarette butt has a similar biodegrading（生物降解）term to that of a banana, but tin and aluminium cans last up to 100 years, and plastic bottles last forever, as do glass bottles, Styrofoam cups and plastic bags.Despite the fact that longer-lasting materials will serve to damage the environment and its animals for longer, we can't only measure the severity of a certain type of rubbish by its lifetime. For example, despite having a fairly short biodegrading period, more than 120 tons of cigarette-related litter is abandoned in the UK every day. Similarly, our regular littering here and there has caused the UK's rat population to increase by 60 million. This suddenly isn't so mysterious when you consider that since the 1960s our annual littering has increased by an astonishing 500 per cent.It's not a cheap habit either: UK taxpayers shelve out £500 million in order to keep our streets clean, and when you include our green spaces, that goes up to £1 billion. So, it's not surprising that if caught fly-tipping you could face a £20,000 fine or even jail time and, if you littered something dangerous, the court could give you five years to serve.To take back our beautiful countryside and cities we need to do more than simply not leaving rubbish where it ought not to be. We need a pride makeover, and we need to truly care more about the world around us.十、汉译英（整句）.研究表明饲养宠物有助于人的心理健康和性格培养。（contribute）（汉译英）71 . 一言以蔽之，绿色环保理念理应是本届冬奥会最靓丽的底色。（suppose）（汉译英）.凭良心说，生活中总有我们在乎的人，也有在乎我们的人，所以每个人都值得善待。（deserve）（汉译 英）72 .无需多久，无人驾驶飞机送外卖，这个当下鲜为人知的小行业，将迅速发展成为一个年销售额愈千亿 美元的大产业。（before）（汉译英）十一、开放性作文73 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120 -150 words according to the instructions given below inChinese.假设你是明启中学高三学生李华。某英语杂志最近发起了一个高中生英语征文活动，其主题与内容见下表。 要求参加征文活动者除了写出规定的内容外，还须补充至少两点内容，并进行进一步的阐述。请按要求写 一篇作文，参加这个征文活动。英语征文活动主题the power of a smile内容微笑有助于缓解压力，提高学习效率；微笑是有感染力的(contagious),可以 影响身边的人。你补充的内容1；2;(3)注意：作文中不得出现你本人的姓名、班级及学校等真实信息。C. The speakers happened to meet in the cinema.D. The speakers hold different ideas about the movie.A. The woman should be optimistic.B , The woman should have trust in herself.C. The woman should make better preparations.D. The woman should let the team believe in her.A. The man is suffering heart disease.B. The man and his family have fallen sick.C. Something happened to the man's daughter.D. The woman has experienced something similar to the man.二、短文听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。B. 20.D. 30.B. a bottle of water.D. a barbecue.9. A. 15.C. 25.10. A. a microwave oven.C. a picnic table.11. A. PS Camping has a system to keep customer loyalty.B. PS Camping is a travel agency which originated in UK.C. Customers can book a camping holiday in the U.S. with PS Camping.D. Customers are not allowed to cook dinners indoors for the safety reasons.听下面一段独白，回答以下小题。12. A. Work-life balance and its necessity.B , Benefits of breaks and the suggestions.C. The information overload and its solution.D. Effective methods of promoting productivity.13. A. Because breaks can be easily distracting.B , Because breaks can help them reduce pressure.C. Because breaks can boost employees9 productivity.D. Because breaks can leave people in the comfort of the home.14. A. Pausing your work.B. Taking a well-timed break.C. Focusing on one thing for hours on end.D. Arranging the daily schedule for work hours.三、长对话听下面一段较长对话，回答以下小题。15. A. Use visual tools to illustrate the detail.B. Provide information about the economy.C. Help people know better about the location.D. Start from the historical background of the island.16. A. The Media Room.B. The Resources Room.C. The Tourist Reception.D. The Tutorial Centre.17. A. Attend the tutorial with the man.B. Book a meeting room on Monday.C. Prepare the visuals and things needed.D. Search for information and accurate statistics.18. A. The preparation of a travel leaflet.B. The content of a geography lecture.C. The content of a campus introduction.D. The preparation of a geography presentation.四、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.The Office of the FutureThe office used to be a place which people went to because they had to. Now the pandemic has exposed the office to competition from remote working, and brought up a host of questions about 21 it should be designed in the future.Start with what the office is for. In the past, 22 form it took, it was a place for employees to get their work done. Now other conceptions of its role compete for attention. Some think of the office as the new offsite, the purpose of 23 is to get people together so they can do the things that remote working makes harder: establishing deeper relationships or cooperating in real time on specific projects. 24 talk of the office as a destination, a place that has to make the idea of getting out of bed earlier seem attractive. With fewer people coming in and more emphasis on cooperation, fewer desks 25 (assign) to individuals. Instead, there will be more shared areas, or “neighbourhoods”, where people in a team can work together flexibly. 26 (bridge) gaps between teams, one method is to set aside more of the office to display the work of each department, so that people never 27 (encounter) each other on Zoom can see examples of what their colleagues do.Variety will be another theme, implying the need for flexibility. A best-known furniture firm compares the difference between the pre- and post-pandemic office to that between a hotel and a home. Hotels are largely given over to rooms for individuals, 28 "Home is thought of as a place for a family over years, hosting lots of different activities.,7And meeting rooms are likely to be more flexible, too, with desks sliding and walls29 (remove).Another theme is data. Managers alike will want more data in order to understand how facilities are being used, and the question of who owns data and what data are needed is about to become 30 (pressing).Whatever happens, the office won't be what it was.五、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. fertile B. rewoven C. deep-rooted D. recapture E. produce F. needlesslyG. foodstuffs H. minerals I. worthlessly J. document K. deforestedThe Promise of the Circular EconomyThe origins of the expression “waste not, want not” can be traced to the 1500s.We feel bad when we expend resources 31 (like leaving lights on when we're away) or throw out things that shouldn't have become trash (like uneaten, past-its-prime produce). This is a 32 guilty feeling.But we do waste in ways big and small. The result is this shocking fact: Of the 33、fossil fuels, andother raw materials that we take from the Earth and turn into products, about two