全国高考英语大一轮复习话题版主题语境UNIT6家人朋友与周围的人讲义.docx

家人、朋友与周围的人基础知识过关自主练习，巩固基础；语境运用，融会贯通I.单词拼写1. Not wanting to depend on her parents for a living, my cousin（堂姐）took up two part-time jobs in her spare time.,the couple（对夫妻）found that their bodies turned for the better, with re-found strong muscles that they thought had lost forever. （2018 江苏）He was unconscious and as I looked at his face, something occurred to me. Those brown eyes were very familiar（熟悉的）.（2018 全国 H）3. In my opinion, honesty is the most important part of lasting friendship（友谊）, which is why I hate being cheated.4. We seek policies that will ensure the success of a diverse and ambitious next generation（一代）of farmers from all backgrounds. （2018 江苏）When meetings are one-to-one, if the host（主人）offers you coffee, you should refuse.5. Though they have never had a serious quarrel（争吵）,the mutual indifference caused the couple to drift apart.6. The company was helped by the Federal Aviation Administration' s decision five years ago to create a separate（单独的）set of standards for light sport aircraft, which are lower than those for pilots of larger planes. （2017 全国 H）In still another use, persons in Asian cultures may view silence as a sign of respect（尊敬）,particularly to an elder or a person in authority. （2016 全国 I ） 10. Many Chinese people have a misunderstanding（误解） of traditions. They think traditions mean old things from the past.n.单句语法填空The advantages and disadvantages of ratings are often closely（close） related. （2018 江苏）1. Few want to live without search engines or a quick delivery （deliver）.（2017 江 苏）But when John reached adulthood, he was better off than his childhood playmates. He had more job satisfaction, a better marriage（marry） and was healthier. （2016 天 津）(2)For more than six million American children, coming home after school means coming home to an empty house. All of them have something in common(有共同之处),(3) I must say, in common with(与样)Helen, that I strongly oppose the proposal.13(4)They had nothing in common(没有共同之处)with me. (2017 全国 I )|make up编造，杜撰；组成，构成；化妆；补上；凑数；和好；占make up for弥补；补偿be made up of由组成(构成)be made of/from 由制成be made into 把制成be made out of 由制成make it获得成功；约定时间写出下列句子中make up的汉语意思(l)North Africans make up the largest and poorest immigrant group in the country. 组成，构成I think it' s very unkind of you to make up stories about him.编造(2) She spent too much time making herself up.化妆(4)Can I leave early this afternoon and make up the time tomorrow? 补上(5)They had a violent quarrel yesterday, but quickly made up again.和好(6)一句多译我们班由56名同学组成。Our class is made up of 56 students, (be made up of)56 students make up our class, (make up)Our class consists of 56 students, (consist of)Our class is composed of 56 students, (be composed of)【易错点拨】make up表示“组成，构成”时，其被动语态为be made up of,而不是be made up by01414relate to涉及；和相关；谈到；理解(1) relate匕有关；涉及；使联系；讲述，叙述relate. . . to.把和联系起来(2)related a有关的;相关的(be) related to有关系的；有关联的(3)relation .关系;联系；亲属in relation to关于；与相比(1)Deeply related to the matters, he has to answer all the related questions, (relate)(2)Your statement doesn, t relate well to the facts.(3)I have nothing to say in relation to(关于;relation)that matter.15However busy we may be, we should spare some time to accompany our parents.无论我们可能会多忙，我们都应该抽出时间来陪陪父母。句型：“疑问词+-ever”引导让步状语从句(1)whenever, wherever, however 弓| 导让步状语从句，相当于 no matter when/where/how。(2) “no matter+疑问词”只能引导让步状语从句，可放在主句前或主句后。(3)whatever, whoever, whichever, whomever既可引导名词性从句，也可引导让步状语 从句，在引导让步状语从句时相当于no matter what/who/which/whomo(1)Exercising makes you more awake and ready to handle whatever is ahead of you for the day.(2018 全国 H) 锻炼使你更清醒，无论这一天发生什么，都能够让你做好准备去应对。(2)一句多译无论我们距离有多远，我们都会感觉彼此很亲近。However far away we are, we feel close to each other, (however)No matter how far away we are, we feel close to each other, (no matter how)r链接高考写作翻译句子这个故事的寓意是：无论处境可能有多困难，我们都应该不遗余力地获取知识，并且永 远不要轻易气馁。(2015 福建)The moral of the story is： we should spare no effort to acquire knowledge and never get discouraged easily no matter how/however difficult the situation may be.16The more friends we have, the more pleasure we can gain.我们拥有的朋友越多, 我 们能获得的快乐也就越多。句型：the+比较级the+比较级,“the+比较级.，the+比较级”意为"越就越”，表示主、从句的两个 谓语是同时进行的，一方随另一方程度的变化而变化。从结构上看，第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句，第二个“the+比较级.”是主句。在表示将来意义的情况时，从句用一般现在时表示将来，主句用一般将来时。(3)本结构中常用省略结构o(l)The more> the bettor.越多越好。The more difficult the questions are, the less likely he is to answer them. 问题越难，他回答出来的可能性就越小。 同 义句改写 If you study harder, you will make greater progress in your study.(用“the+比较级.，the+比较级改写)fThe harder you study, the greater progress you will make in your study.Born into a family with three brothers, Tom was brought up to value the sense of sharing.出生在有三个哥哥的家庭里，汤姆从小就被培养重视分享的意识。句型：过去分词短语作状语过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，可以表示时间、原因、结果、条件、让步、方式、伴随 等情况，表示被动与完成。使用时应注意两点：一是过去分词的逻辑主语必须与句子主语 一致；二是过去分词表示的动作与句子的主语为被动或完成关系。Built of steel, this machine has a greater strength.由于这台机器是用钢造的，它具有更大的强度。Stopped by the guard, he produced his identity card.当被卫兵拦住后，他出示了自己的身份证。句式升级(3)The woman scientist entered the room, who was followed by her assistants.The woman scientist entered the room, followed by her assistants.(4)The book was clearly and thoughtfully written, and it inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.Clearly and thoughtfully written, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.话题与高考话题下的高考研究.对高考的把握要“准” 力话题下的阅读理解（2017 全国 H, B）I first met Paul Newman in 1968, when George Roy Hill, the director of Butch Cassidy and the Sundance Kid, introduced us in New York City. When the studio didn' t want me for the film一it wanted somebody as well known as Paul一he stood up for me. I don' t know how many people would have done that； they would have listened to their agents or the studio powers.The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV. We were respectful of craft （技 艺）and focused on digging into the characters we were going to play. Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors： humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other一but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen.We shared the belief that if you' re fortunate enough to have success, you should put something back一he with his Newman, s Own food and his Hole in the Wall camps for kids who are seriously ill, and me with Sundance and the institute and the festival. Paul and I didn' t see each other all that regularly, but sharing that brought us together. We supported each other financially and by showing up at events.I last saw him a few months ago. He, d been in and out of the hospital. He and I both knew what the deal was, and we didn' t talk about it. Ours was a relationship that didn' t need a lot of words.24. Why was the studio unwilling to give the role to the author at first?A. Paul Newman wanted it.B. The studio powers didn' t like his agent.C. He wasn' t famous enough.D. The director recommended someone else.答案C解析 细节理解题。根据第一段中的 “When the studio didn' t want me for the filmit wanted somebody as well known as Paul一he stood up for me. 可知，电影公司想要像 保罗那样出名的人，由此可以判断，作者不够出名，故选C项。25. Why did Paul and the author have a lasting friendship?A. They were of the same age.B. They worked in the same theater.C.They were both good actors.D. They had similar characteristics.答案D解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的 “Both of us had the qualities and virtues that are typical of American actors： humorous, aggressive, and making fun of each other一but always with an underlying affection. Those were also at the core（核心）of our relationship off the screen. n可知，作者与保罗在荧幕前和荧幕后都很幽默、有进取心， 并互开对方的玩笑，即他们两人有相似的性格，故选D项。26. What does the underlined word “that" in Paragraph 3 refer to?A. Their belief.B. Their care for children.C. Their success.D.Their support for each other.答案A解析 代词指代题。根据第三段第一句"We shared the belief that. v以及下面对 belief的具体解释可知，画线处是指共同拥有这种“信念”把“我们”两人连在一起，故 选A项。27. What is the author, s purpose in writing the text?A. To show his love of films.B. To remember a friend.C. To introduce a new movie.D. To share his acting experience.答案B解析 写作意图题。本文是按照时间顺序写的，从作者与保罗的最初相见，到友谊慢慢加深, 以及几个月前去看望生病的保罗，由此可知作者写此文的目的是回忆一位朋友，故选B项。F名师指津I .宏观把握一一抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过阅读文章可知，本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者和一位著名演员Paul Newman 之间的友谊。文章的脉络如下：第一段 我与Paul Newman的相识。第二段我和Paul Newman友谊的发展以及两人 相似的性格。第三段共同的信念把我和Paul Newman连在一起。第四段我们之间的友谊不需要用过多的语言来 描述。n.微观排障一一长难句分析The friendship that grew out of the experience of making that film and The Sting four years later had its root in the fact that although there was an age difference, we both came from a tradition of theater and live TV.句式分析：The friendship had its root in the fact是主干句；第一个that引导的是 定语从句，修饰先行词friendship；第二个that引导的是同位语从句，解释说明fact的 具体内容；此外，同位语从句中还含有一个although引导的让步状语从句。翻译：拍那部电影和四年后拍De St刃g的经历所建立起来的友谊都源于这样一个事实，即 虽然我们存在年龄差异，但我们都来自戏剧和直播电视的传统。in.词汇积累director n.导演1. stand up for替说话；维护grow out of 产生于2. respectful adj.恭敬的dig into探究；钻研3. virtue o美德;德行be typical of特有的;一贯如此的4. aggressive a力.好战的；好斗的；有进取心的affection n.喜爱；爱慕5. support vt.支持。技法点拨排除干扰项，找正确答案阅读理解题的题目设置大部分是细节理解题。在完成细节理解题时，要特别注意排除干 扰项。如25题中的A项"They were of the same age. ”属于“颠倒黑白”类干扰项，根据第二段第一句中的“although there was an age difference可知，两人年龄悬殊，不同 岁，说明A项明显错误。干扰项的设置方法除了 “颠倒黑白”之外，通常还有以下几种方式:1 .张冠李戴。命题者把文章作者的观点与他人的观点混淆起来，题干问的是作者的观点，选 项中出现的却是他人的观点；或者题干问的是他人的观点，却把作者的观点放到选项中去。 2,偷梁换柱。干扰项用了与原文相似的句型结构和大部分相似的词汇，却在不易引人注意的 地方换了几个词汇，造成句意的改变。3.无中生有。干扰项往往是生活中的基本常识和普遍接受的观点，但在原文中并无相关的信 息支持点，这种选项的设置往往与问题的设问毫不相干。力话题下的七选五（2018 浙江）Moving into a new home in a new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Of course, you want to make sure that you become an accepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. The easiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you conduct yourself as a good neighbor should. 31Perhaps one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep your property （房产）neat, clean, and in good repair. 32 By choosing to keep the outside of the home in great shape, you will help to improve the look and feel of the area.Second, take the overall appearance of the neighborhood seriously. When going for a walk, take along a small garbage bag. 33 This small act will let your neighbors know that you care about the area.34 If a neighbor is going to be out of town, offer to collect mail and newspapers. If a neighbor suffers an illness, offer to do the grocery shopping. Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.35 By following the basic rules of respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, and taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in general, you will quickly become a good neighbor that everyone appreciates.A. In general, keep an eye on their property while they are gone.B. A good neighbor is also one who likes to help out in small ways.C.Being a good neighbor is more or less about considerate behavior.D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarket together to do shopping.E. Should you come across waste paper thrown out of a passing car, pick it up.F People tend to take pride in keeping everything in their street fresh and inviting.G. Here are a few tips to help you win over everyone in the neighborhood quickly.31 .答案G解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法。通读全文可知，本文是“总一一分”结构。由第二段中的 “one of the most important things you can do as a good neighbor is to keep. ”以及第三段的Second可知，本题选G,也就是本文的主题句。32 .答案F解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法。该空格前面的neat, clean, in good repair以及空格后面 的 in great shape 都与 F 项的 fresh and inviting 相吻合。33 .答案E解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法。空格前提到，散步时随身带个小垃圾袋；空格后提到，这个 小小的举动会让你的邻居知道你关心这个区域。因此此处要填E项“如果你碰到从路过的车 里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来”。34 .答案B解析 解本题可用词汇锁定法。由本段中的“you are there to help in any way”可知， 选B项“一个好邻居也是一个在小的方面乐于助人的人”。35 .答案C解析 解本题可用关联逻辑法。空后的“respecting others, taking care of what belongs to you, taking pride in the appearance of the neighborhood in generalv者K是一些 体贴的行为，故C项符合语境。F名师指津I .宏观把握一一抓住主旨大意，理清文章脉络通过整体阅读文章可知，这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了几个帮你迅速赢得新邻居的认可和欣 赏的小技巧。本文为“总一一分”结构，从四个方面说明了如何做个好邻居。文章的脉络如下：想成为新邻居喜欢的人就要确保弟一段你的行为举止像一个好邻居。I第二至五段 对于如何做个好邻居给出四条建议。n.微观排障一一长难句分析Let them know that you are there to help in any way that is acceptable, while still respecting the privacy of your neighbor.句式分析：该句是一个祈使句，句中第一个that引导一个宾语从句；第二个that引导定语 从句修饰先行词wayo翻译：让他们知道你随时以他们可以接受的任何方式帮助他们，同时又尊重邻居们的隐私。HL词汇积累1. move into 搬进社区，街坊conduct 举止；表现3. in great shape 状况极好take. . seriously 认真对彳寺4. care about关心；在意acceptable a力:可以接受的5. take pride in 以为自豪o技法点拨读懂关联逻辑，整体把握，正确选择七选五题型要求考生从整体上把握文章的逻辑结构和内容上的联系，理解句子之间、段 落之间的关系，对诸如连贯性、一致性等语段特征有较强的意识和熟练的把握。所以弄懂整 篇文章的基本结构或段落的语篇结构对解题很有用。分析本文的语篇结构，可以知道第一段先引出话题，本段最后一句是文章的主题句，然 后接下来各段都是阐述一种方法，是“总一一分”结构。每段开头都是本段的主题句，要弄 清每段主题句和段落内容的联系，方能选出正确答案。例如33题，本段主要建议要重视社 区的整体面貌，出门拿上一个垃圾袋，E项（遇到从路过的汽车里扔出的废纸，把它捡起来。） 与上句衔接紧密，是举例说明拿垃圾袋的作用，故E项是正确选项。课时作业I .阅读理解话题：科普知识难度星级：豆（2018 辽宁大连、本溪高级中学联考）Music has a great effect on everyone. But does music affect plants, too? People have been experimenting with music for almost three decades. From school-level projects to higher-level scientific experiments, the effect of music on plants has been a confusing and debatable topic.We know music is sound and sound is nothing more than a wave. Plant growth is a result of the cell division that takes place within the cells. But why is music associated with plant growth? In humans, music has a strong effect on our health and mood, and over the years, people have claimed that the same effect has been observed on plants, too. Plants are sensitive by nature, and many people claim that they have feelings just as humans do. There are stories about plants shedding tears. Although scientists do not support these as facts, these myths have led them to take up various experiments on plants.Various studies have proved that plants respond to acoustic （音响的）energy. It increases their rate of growth and their size, and influences their overall health. Dan Carlson, after a thorough study over a span of many years, has reached a conclusion that music helps plants absorb nutrients more efficiently.It took Dan about fifteen years to develop a foliage spray（叶面喷齐tl） that is used beneficially with the sound frequencies. Carlson calls this spray uSonic Bloom” . His findings have proved to be beneficial for countless farmers and have resulted in一according to Guinness Book of World Records-the largest indoor plant on record.The Purple Passion was treated with the Sonic Bloom process. It grew to be 1, 300 feet tall and was alive even after 25 years. Its normal lifespan, however, is 18 months and it grows not more than 18 feet tall. The book, Secret of the Soil, writes about Sonic Bloom and its results.Sonic Bl