北京市昌平区新学道临川学校2021届高三上学期期末考试英语Word版含解析.docx

2020-2021学年度高三第一学期期末考试英语试卷考试时间：120分钟满分：150分本试卷分第I卷（选择题）和第n卷（非选择题）两部分。考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。注意事项:1.答第I卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。2.选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在本试卷上，否则无效。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题L5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。例：How much is the shirt?A. £ 19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.答案是Co1. What does the woman want to do?A. Find a place. B. Buy a map.C. Get an address.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Repair her car. B. Give her a ride.C. Pick up her aunt.3. Who might Mr. Peterson be?A. A new professor. B. A department head.C. A company director.4. What does the man think of the book?A. Quite difficult. B. Very interesting.C. Too simple.5. What are the speakers talking about?C. News.A. Weather.B. Clothes.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项make dinner for the hungry children. "You would want that robot preloaded with a good set of values, “ said Russell.Some robots are already programmed with basic human values. For example, mobile robots have been programmed to keep a comfortable distance from humans. Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think thafs the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.It will be possible to create more sophisticated moral machines, if only we can find a way to set out human values as clear rules.Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior. They are dangerous only if programmers are careless.The biggest concern with robots going against human values is that human beings fail to so sufficiently test and they've produced a system that will break some kind of taboo.One simple check would be to program a robot to check the correct course of action with a human when presented with an unusual situation.If the robot is unsure whether an animal is suitable for the microwave, it has the opportunity to stop, send out beeps, and ask fbr directions from a human. If we humans aren't quite sure about a decision, we go and ask somebody else.The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.12. What does the author say about the threat of robots?A. It may constitute a challenge to computer progranmers.B. It accompanies all machinery involving high technology.C. It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.D. It has become an inevitable peril as technology gets more sophisticated.13. What would we think of a person who invades our personal space according to the author?A. They are aggressive.B. They are outgoing.C. They are ignorant.D. They are ill-bred.14. How do robots learn human values?A. By interacting with humans in everyday life situations.B. By following the daily routines of civilized human beings.C. By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.D. By imitating the behavior of property brought-up human beings.15. What is most difficult to do when we turn human values into a programmable code?A. Determine what is moral and ethical.B. Design some large-scale experiments.C. Set rules for man-machine interaction.D. Develop a more sophisticated program.【答案】12.C13. D 14. C 15. A【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了随着人工智能（AI）变得越来越复杂，人们越来越担心机器人可能成 为一种威胁。根据计算机科学教授斯图尔特罗素的说法，如果我们能把人类的价值观转化为可编程的代 码，这种危险是可以避免的。【12题详解】 细节理解题。根据第一段中 “This danger can be avoided, according to computer science professor Stuart Russell, if we figure out how to turn human values into a programmable code.（计算机科学教授斯 Stuart Russell 认为，如 果我们找到将人类价值观转化为可编程代码的方法，这种危险是可以避免的）”可知，关于机器人的威胁， 作者说如果把人类的价值观翻译成机器人的语言，这是可以避免的。故选C。【13题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段中 u Obviously there are cultural differences, but if you were talking to another person and they came up close in your personal space, you wouldn't think thafs the kind of thing a properly brought-up person would do.（显然，文化差异是存在的，但如果你和另一个人谈话，而他们接近你的私人空间，你不会 认为这是一个教养良好的人会做的事情）”可知，根据作者的观点，我们会认为一个侵犯我们私人空间的人 缺乏教养。故选D。【14题详解】细节理解题。根据第六段中 “Robots could also learn values from drawing patterns from large sets of data on human behavior.（机器人也可以通过从人类行为的大量数据中绘制模式来学习价值观）”可知，机器人可以从 大量的人类行为数据中学习人类的价值观。故选C。【15题详解】细节理解题。根据最后一段 “The most difficult step in programming values will be deciding exactly what we believe in moral, and how to create a set of ethical rules. But if we come up with an answer, robots could be good for humanity.（在规划价值观的过程中，最困难的一步将是决定我们到底相信什么是道德的，以及如何创建一套 道德规则。但如果我们找到了答案，机器人可能对人类有好处）”可知，当我们把人类的价值转观化为可编 程代码时，最困难的是确定什么是道德和伦理。故选A。第二节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。Perhaps you've heard the old saying "curiosity killed the cat." It's a phrase that's often used to warn peopleespecially childrennot to ask too many questions. 16 In fact, research has shown that curiosity is just as important as intelligence in determining how well students do in school.Curiosity can also lead us to make unexpected discoveries, bring excitement into our lives, and open up new possibilities. 17 For example, one day in 1831, Michael Faraday was playing around with a coil（线圈）and a magnet（磁铁）when he suddenly saw how he could produce an electrical current. At first, it wasn't clear what use this would have, but it actually made electricity available for use in technology, and so changed the world.18 On one level, this is because technology has become so advanced that many of us are unable to think too deeply about how exactly things work anymore. While it may be possible for a curious teenager to take a toaster apart and get some sense of how it works, how much do you understand about what happens when you type a website address into a browser? Where does your grasp of technology end and the magic begin for you?In addition to this, there9s the fact that we all now connect so deeply with technology, particularly with our phones. The more we stare at our screens, the less we talk to other people directly. 19 Then we feel we know enough about a person not to need to engage further with them.The finaland perhaps most woiTyingway in which technology stops us from asking more has to do with algorithms, the processes followed by computers. As we increasingly get our news via social media, algorithms find out what we like and push more of the same back to us. 20 Perhaps the real key to developing curiosity in the 21st century, then, is to rely less on the tech tools of our age.A. It is still not known why learning gives us such pleasure.B. We are always encouraged to challenge our pre-existing beliefs.C Yet it's widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective.D. All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides us with.E. However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology.F. In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits.G. That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas.【答案】16.C17. F 18. E 19. D 20. G【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。研究表明，在决定学生在学校表现如何方面，好奇心和智力同样重要。然而, 好奇心目前面临的最大威胁来自科技。因此，在21世纪培养好奇心的真正关键，或许是减少对我们这个 时代技术工具的依赖。【16题详解】上文提示“也许你听过好奇害死猫这句老话。这句话经常用来警告人们尤其是孩子们不要问 太多问题。”再根据下文提示“事实上，研究表明，在决定学生在学校表现如何方面，好奇心和智力同样 重要。”承接上下文，C Yet it widely agreed that curiosity actually makes learning more effective.（然而， 人们普遍认为好奇心确实能让学习更有效。）切题。故选C。【17题详解】上文提示“好奇心还能引导我们做出意想不到的发现，给我们的生活带来兴奋，并打开新的可能性。”承 接上文,F 项 In science, basic curiosity-driven research can have unexpected important benefits.（在科学上， 以 好奇心为基础的研究可以带来意想不到的重要好处。）切题。故选F。【18题详解】下文提示“在某种程度上，这是因为技术已经变得如此先进，以至于我们中的许多人无法再深入思考事物 究竟是如何工作的。”承接下文，E 项 However, curiosity is currently under the biggest threat, coming from technology.（然而，好奇心目前面临的最大威胁来自科技。）切题。此处关键词是technology,故选E。【19题详解】上文提示“我们盯着屏幕看得越多，我们与他人直接交流的就越少。”再根据下文提示“然后我们觉得我 们对一个人已经足够了解，不需要和他们进一步接触。”承接上下文，D All too often we accept the images of people that social media provides us with.（我们常常接受社交媒体为我们提供的人物形象。）切题。故选D。【20题详解】上文提示“随着我们越来越多地通过社交媒体获取新闻，计算程序会弄清楚我们喜欢什么，然后把更多的 信息反馈给我们。”再根据下文提示“因此，在21世纪培养好奇心的真正关键，或许是减少对我们这个 时代技术工具的依赖。”承接上下文，G 项 That means we end up inside our own little bubbles, no longer coming across new ideas.（这意味着我们最终会陷入自己的小泡泡里，不再有新的想法。）切题。故选G。第三部分英语知识运用（共两节，满分45）第一节完形填空（共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C和D）中，选出可以填入空白处的 :佳选项，My brother Gene was four years older than me. By the time I turned four, I was upset that he could read but I couldn't. I burned with 21 to read a book like my brother. I begged: "Teach me to read, Mom! Please, please?!” Finally, Mom set aside time after lunch 22 reading lessons, and soon after my fifth birthday, I was reading.I longed for my father, who was a great storyteller, to read me the books that I couldn't yet read on my own. But my father worked three jobs to feed the family. He didn't have the time or 23 in the evening to read to me.24 ,every Sunday morning, my brother and I lay next to him in bed, waiting for him to tell stories about his25 .1 can still hear my father's voice 26 the cold winters on the family farm in Poland. His familydidn't have enough money to bum wood in the fireplace all night. He told us that he always volunteered to help with27 .1 can smell the soup made by my grandma and 28 my father cutting onions, carrots and tomatoesfbr salad,and when no one was looking, putting a piece into his mouth. "I was always 29 J he explained.Hearing my father's stories 30 me closer to the books and the stories they held.One Saturday afternoon when I was seven, we walked two blocks to the small 31 in our neighborhood, and my dad filled out forms for a card. That Saturday 32 my life: I met Mrs. Schwartz, the librarian, and my dad said, "You're 33 enough to walk to the library yourself." And so I did-almost every afternoon.In my mind, Mrs. Schwartz was “the keeper of books and the guardian of stories." Some days she read aloud to a small group of us 34. Most of time, Mrs. Schwartz let me 35 myself with books I pulled from theshelves and look through them to see which ones I'd 36 out. I remember that sometimes she'd 37 a book and tell me a part of the story. But she always let me choose. Books became my 38 who were my comfort when I felt lonely.Yes, reading changed me. It gave me the 39 to study hard so I could become a teacher, and share my 40 of reading with my students. And inside my head, I can still hear the voices of my mother, father, and Mrs. Schwartz, which are with me every time I open the first page of a new book.21. A. angerB. desireC. worryD. interest22. A. untilB. beforeC. inD. for23. A. energyB. ambitionC. courageD. ability24. A. FinallyB. ThenC. ThereforeD. Still25. A. workplaceB. farmlandC. childhoodD. neighborhood26. A. explainingB. introducingC. describingD. interpreting27. A. cookingB. readingC. farmingD. living28. A. pictureB. discoverC. noticeD. catch29. A. busyB. hungryC. poorD. tired30. A. laidB. taughtC. drewD. left31. A. clubB. bookstoreC. officeD. library32. A. savedB. testedC.changedD. controlled33.A. nearB.oldC.readyD. free34. A. graduatesB. candidatesC. regularsD. communicators35. A. reward36. A. rewardB. familiarizeC. examineD. surround37. A. findB. checkC. lendD. sign38. A. writeB. studyC. recommendD.reserve39. A. companionsB. assistantsC. listenersD. teachers40. A. chanceB. dreamC. orderD. drive41. A. lessonB. loveC. timeD. plan【答案】21. B22. D23. A 24. D25. C 26. C27.28. A 29. B30. C31. D 32. C33. B34. C 35. D36. B37. C 38. A39. D 40. B【解析】【分析】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者喜欢上读书的经历，阅读改变了作者的人生。21题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. anger生气；B.desire渴望；C.worry担忧；D. interest兴趣。句意：我非常想像我 哥哥那样读书。根据下文及句意可知，作者很想读书。故选B。【22题详解】考查介词词义辨析。A. until直到才；B. before在之前；C.in在.里面；D.for为了。根据上文语境可知，此处是指作者的妈妈为作者留出了午餐后读书的时间。故选D。【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. energy精力；B. ambition雄心；C.courage勇气；D. ability能力。根据上文作者说 父亲为了养家糊口做了三份工作，由此可知，父亲很忙，没有时间和精力给我读书。故选A。【24题详解】考查副词词义辨析。A. Finally终于；B.Then然后；C. Therefore 因此；D. Still仍旧，还。句意：每个 星期天早上，我和哥哥仍旧挨着父亲躺在床上，等着他讲他的童年。结合上文句意父亲很忙及本句句意可 知，前后是让步关系，用“仍旧”最合语境。故选D。【25题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. workplace车间；B. farmland农场；C. childhood童年；D. neighborhood附近。根据 下文父亲的讲述及选项可知，此处应该是等着父亲讲他的童年。故选C。【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. explaining 解释;B. introducing 介绍;C. describing 描述;D. interpreting 打扰。根据下文父亲的讲述可知，此处是指父亲在描述波兰家庭农场寒冷的冬天。故选C。【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. cooking烹饪；B. reading阅读；C.farming农场；D. living居住。根据下文的I can smell the soup made by my grandma and.可知，父亲会帮忙做饭。故选A。【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. picture想象；B. discover发现；C. notice 注意；D. catch抓住。根据语境可知， 此处应是指作者想象着他父亲在切洋葱。故选A。29题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. busy繁忙的；B.hungry饿的;C.poor贫穷的;D.tired疲劳的。根据上文的when no one was looking, putting a piece into his mouth.可知，可推测出父亲总是感到饿。故选 B。【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. laid 放置；B. taught教；C drew吸引；D. left离开。根据上下文语境可知，听 父亲的故事更加吸引我去接近书及书中的故事。故选C。【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. club俱乐部；B. bookstore书店；C. office办公室；D. library图书馆。根据下文的“You're 13enough to walk to the library yourself.“可知，此处是去了图书馆。故选 D.【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. saved节约；B. tested测试；C. changed改变；D. controlled控制。根据下文语境可 知，那个周六改变了我人生。故选C。【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。A. near附近的；B. old年龄大的；C.ready准备好的；D. free自由的。句意：你足 够大，可以自己去图书馆了。根据语境和句意可知，父亲觉得作者足够大可以自己去图书馆了。故选B。【34题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. graduates 毕业生；B. candidates 候选人；C. regulars 常客；D. communicators 交 流者。根据上文可知，作者经常去图书馆，因此，此处是指Mrs. Schwartz给我们这些常客读书。故选C。 【35题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. reward 奖励；B. familiarize使熟悉；C.examine检查；D. surround围绕。句意： 大多数时候，施瓦茨夫人让我用从书架上拿下来的书把自己包围起来，然后把它们翻看一遍，看看我要借 哪些书。根据句意和下文可知，此处是指Mrs. Schwartz让作者自己从书架上很取很多的书选择，surround with用围绕故选D。【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. find发现；B. check检查；C lend借；D. sign签名。根据语境可知,此处是指Mrs.Schwartz让作者挑自己喜欢的书带走，check out结账离开。故选B。【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。A. write写；B. study 学习；C. recommend推荐；D. reserve储备。根据下文可知， 此处是指Mrs. Schwartz会挑一本书，推荐给作者。故选Co【38题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. companions同伴；B. assistants助理；C. listeners听众；D. teachers老师。根据上下 文语境和所给选项可知，书成了作者的陪伴。故选A。【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. chance机会；B. dream 梦；C. order命令；D.drive动力。根据上下文语境可知， 读书给作者努力学习的动力。故选D。【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。A. lesson课程；B.love爱；C.time时间；D.plan计划。根据上文语境可知，因为作者 热爱读书，此处是指作者给学生分享自己对阅读的爱。故选B。第二节语法填空(共10小题：每小题1.5分，满分15分)阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。将答案填写在答题卡的 相应位置。Porcelain, also41(call) fine china, featuring its delicate texture, pleasing color, and refined sculpture,has been one of the42(good) artworks introduced to the western world through the Silk Road. The earliestone 43 (find) made of Kaolin in the Shang Dynasty (17th-llth Century BC), and possessed the common aspects of the smoothness and unaffected quality of hard enamel, though pottery wares were more 44 (wide) used among most of the ordinary people. Anyway it was the beginning. In the following dynasties, due45 its durability and sh