2023届高三英语分类培优之七选五.docx

2023届高三英语分类培优之七选五一、解题流程该题型的文章基本 上都是“开门见 山”并“结尾总 结”，因此阅读首 尾可以快速把握文 章的主题。另外，不 少文章都有标题, 通过标题我们也基 本能够确定文章的 主题。确定主题后，不要马 上通读原文，而是建 议先浏览7个选项， 图出选项中的关键 词，并将这些关键 词作为目标事先记 在脑子中，再“以目 标为导向”回头读 原文，这样就会事半 功倍。了解文章大意并浏 览完选项后，再回头 细读文章，重点阅读 挖空附近的句子，这 些句子与挖空处的 句子逻辑关系紧密， 往往能提供重要的 解题线索，再结合选 项图定原文中的线 索词，然后匹配选项 中的关键词.题中的五个空格，一般来 说，位置处在段首、段尾的 题目较易判定，原因有二： 一是信息范围小，解题信息 一般集中在本段；二是逻 辑关系清楚，段首题多是总 领引起句，段尾题多是概括 总结句.先做段首段尾题有 利于缩小排查范围，集中精 力对余下的选项细审慎选。通过第一步，大多数题目就 能选定1-2个选项，剩余的 选项也并非全部都是难判 别的，此时仍可凭语感语 意、借助文中一些明显的信 息点选出或排除1-2个选 项，进一步缩小思考范围。 对最后难判别的几个选项 就要借助一些方法技巧来 筛选。二、解题技法解题时，要从三个角度着眼:一看位置H是段首段尾题,还是段中题二找词汇H锁定选项与文市信息相吴联的词汇 /三思逻辑H思考选项与文中信息是否符合行文逻辑： ，现依据题型结合三个角度例析如下:（一）读懂段意定两头段首、段尾题1 .挖空在段首，常是主题句（1）假如挖空出现在段首，通常为主题句。要认真阅读空后内容，根据段落一致性原则，推断出 主题句。另外着重阅读空后第一、二句，锁定线索词，然后在选项中查找相关特征词。例 11（2023北京高考）75For the risk-seekers, a part of the brain related to pleasure becomes active, while for the rest of us, a part of the brain related to fear becomes active.As experts continue to study the science of risk-seeking, we'll continue to hit the mountains, the waves or the shallow end of the pool.A. It all depends on your character.B Those are the risks you should jump to take.F. However, we are not all using the same reference standard to weigh risks and rewards.G. New brain research suggests our brains work differently when we face a nervous situation.（2）如果空格所在的段落带有小标题，这时空格及其后面的句子就是对小标题的解读。例 21（2023全国卷 I ）4. Self-Expression40 There are many ways to express thoughts and ideas - music, acting, drawing, building, photography. You may find that your child is attracted by one more than another.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.F. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don't yet exist?G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.2.挖空在段尾，常是结论句 J（1）假如挖空出现在段尾，通常是所在段的结论和概括。解题时注意在选项中查找表示结果、结 论、总结等的关联词， 如：therefore, as a result, thus, in short, to sum up, to conclude, in a word 等。彳列 3 （2023四 I 高考）Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do. Some think that a woman's body cells have a tendency （彳顷向）to age more slowly than a man's. Others think that a man's body cells have a tendency to age more quickly. _40_A. However, women, on average, live longer.B. The biological factor plays an important part.E. Recent research seems to support both of these possibilities.F. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.（2）有时挖空在段尾的空格可以起到承上启下的作用，即通过空格把本段与下一段有机地结合起 来。这时，我们不光要看空格前的句子，对于下一段的内容也要特别关注。例 4（2023:|匕京高考）Making good choices about your own health requires reasonable evaluation. A key first step in bettering your evaluation ability is to look carefully at your sources of health information. Reasonable evaluation includes knowing where and how to find relevant information, how to separate fact from opinion, how to recognize poor reasoning, and how to analyze information and the reliability ofGo to the original source. Media reports often simplify the results of medical research. Find out for yourself what a study really reported, and determine whether it was based on good science. Think about the type of study. 72（D）A. Make choice that are right for you.D. And examine the findings of the original research.E. Distinguish between research reports and public health advice.G. The following suggestions can help you sort through the health information you receive from common sources.（二）细辨关系定中间段中题一般说来，文章的行文通常需要一定的衔接手段来实现，而该题型的衔接手段主要有以下两种 渠道：一是词汇线索，二是行文逻辑。1 .从词汇线索上判断词汇线索主要包括代词和词汇复现两种情况。代词英语表达中，代词出现的频率极高。代词主要用于指代前面提到的人或物，有时也是为了区别 前面提到的名词或概念。巧妙利用这样的指代关系及差异可以准确而快速地解题。例 5（2023北京高考）Britain was only the beginning. _72_ The process of urbanization 一 the migration （迁徙）of people from the countryside to the city was the result of modernization, which has rapidly transformed how people live and where they live.A. That kept cities very small.B. The rest live in small towns.C. The effects of urban living on people should be considered.D. Soon many other industrial nations become urban societies.（2）词汇复现作者在文章中会对同一个概念重复描述，从而使得同样的意思在文章不同的地方重复出现。词 汇复现可以指相同词汇的重复使用、同义词和近义词的复现以及同一范畴词的复现。解题时可以利 用这些词作为解题线索。例 6（2023北京晨1 考）Use your common sense. If a report seems too good to be true, probably it is. Be especially careful of information contained in Evaluate "scientific“ statements carefully, and be aware of quackery （江湖骗术）.A. Make choices that are right for you.B The goal of an ad is to sell you something.C. Be sure to work through the critical questions.D. And examine the findings of the original research.2.从行文逻辑上判断英语行文离不开逻辑关系，一篇没有逻辑的文章只能是一盘散沙。逻辑关系主要包括：例证关系、 并列关系、递进关系、对比或转折关系和因果关系等。解题时可以充分利用这些逻辑关系。（1）例证关系前后的某句是为了证明另一句而举的例子。例证的形式具有多样性，思维过程主要有归纳（从例 子到观点）和演绎（从观点到例子）两种情况。例 7（2023全国卷 I ）1. CuriosityYour children need to be deeply curious. 37 Ask kids, "What ingredients （酉己格I*） can we add to make these pancakes even better next time? ” and then try them out. Did those ingredients make the pancakes better? What could we try next time?A. Encourage kids to cook with you.B. And we can't forget science education.C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.D. So how can we help our kids prepare fbr jobs that don't yet exist?（2）并列关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现 first/firstly, second/secondly, third/thirdly; first, next, then; for one thing, for another; to begin with, to conclude等标志性词语，则表明前后两句是逻辑上的并列关系。彳列 8（2023全国卷 I ）Business management is a term used to describe the techniques of planning, direction, and control of the operations of a business. 73 （G Planning in business management has th】ee main aspects） One is the establishment （制定）of broad basic policies with respect to production; sales; the purchase of equipment, materials and supplies; and accounting. _74_ The third relates to the establishment of standards of work in all departments. Direction is concerned primarily with supervision （监管）and guidance by the management in authority. 75 （A. Control includes the use ofL records and reports. to compae actuaLwork with the set standards for work.）The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.A. Planning in business management has three main aspects.B. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.C. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.(3)递进关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现 also, besides, furthermore, moreover, in addition, what's more, whafs worse, to make matters worse, in other words, similarly等标志性词语，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的递 进关系。例 9(2023四川高考)They help the body defend itself against some kinds of infections. This means that women generally get sick less often and less seriously than men. The common cold is a good example: women, on average, get fewer colds than men.39 Scientists are still not exactly sure how genes influence aging, but they believe that they do.A. However, women, on average, live longer.B .The biological factor plays an important part.C. Women are also helped by their female genes.D. Therefore, women are more healthy than men and can live a better life.(4)对比或转折关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现 but, however, yet, instead, otherwise, on the other hand, on the contrary, in spite of, regardless of等标志性词语，则表明此处句子间是逻辑上的对比或转折关系。彳列 10 (2023全国卷 I )Business is the organized approach to providing customers with the goods and services they want. The word business also refers to an organization that provides these goods and services. Most businesses seek to make a profit (利润)that is, they aim to achieve income that is more than the costs of operating the business. 71 Commonly called nonprofits, these organizations are primarily nongovernmental service providers. 72 (C. Examples of nonprofit businesses include such organizations as social service agencies and many hospitals.)B. In this connection there is the difference between top management and operative management.D. However, some businesses only seek to earn enough to cover their operating costs.E. The second aspect relates to the application of these policies by departments.F. In the theory of business management, organization has two main aspects.(5)因果关系如果空格处或前后两句话出现because, why, so, thus, therefore, as a result等标志性词语，则表明 此处句子间是逻辑上的因果关系。彳列 11 (2023全国卷 II )If you find a public speaking course that looks as though it's going to give you lots of dos and don'ts, walk away! Your brain is so full of what you're going to be talking about. _54_. As far as we're concerned, there are basically no hard and fast rules about public speaking. Your audience can be your friends.B. You already do lots of things wellD. Check the rules about dos and don'tsF. The one thing you don't want is for them to fall asleepG. So trying to force a whole set of rules into it will just make things worseMore PracticeTips for Writing Essays on ReadingTake a look at the follow list so that you know you're writing the best possible essay on reading.Read what you're interested in.If you know that you're going to be writing an essay on reading, be sure to select a text that you're interested in. 16 .So make sure you read what you're interested in.Find your focus.Before you write any kind of essay on reading, you need to decide what your essay on reading will be about. 17 Or you can select a theme based on the text.Practice dose reading.Close reading is a way of analyzing a writer's word choice and balancing critical thinking as you're reading whatever text. 18. For example, analyze why the writer said that the main character was walkingquickly instead of running. There is a difference between those two word choices.Ask questions.If you're having trouble writing your essay on reading, go back to the text and train yourself to ask thoughtful questions. 19 For example, while reading “Old Man and the Sea,“ ask why Ernest Hemingway spends so much time with a man by himself.20.Once you train yourself to ask questions, you need to look for clues in the text to lead you to a conclusion. As you look for answers in the text, sometimes you need to make a larger meaning out of something that seems small. This is called subtext(潜台 词).A. Look for unspoken wordsB. But it will be fun for you to writeC. You can write how the brain reacts to readingD. Essays on reading could be one of the most interesting topicsE. Your essay will suffer if what you're reading is boring to youF. These kind of questions would be a great way to start your essayG. As you analyze and practice close reading, take a look at the word choiceEvery living thing has genes. Genes carry information. 16. They make sure that humans give birth to humans and cows give birth to cows. However, genetic engineers take genes from one species一for example, a snake, and transfer them to another一for example, corn. 17. Such new life forms have been described as a real-life Frankenstein.Genetic engineers put duck genes into chicken to make the chickens bigger. They put genes from flowers into beans and from fish into tomatoes. 18. It just makes them easier and faster for the farmer to grow.The effects of genetic engineering on the natural world may be disastrous. The engineers may create strange life beings, or monsters, that we cannot contro 1.19.TheyU Ihave to find one, fight for oneor kill for one. It may be your land they fight foror you that they kill.We would all like a better, healthier and longer life, and genetic engineering might give us this. On the other hand, it may be a dangerous experiment with nature. In the story of Frankenstein, the doctor created such a temble and dangerous monster that he had to destroy it. 20.A. In this way a new life form is created.B- Then they feed the tomatoes to the fish.C. This doesn't make them cheaper, tastier, or healthier.D. The new life forms have no natural habitat or home.E. They are passed on from generation to generation.F. The information tells us what to do or what not to do.G. We must make sure that this tale remains a story-and no more than that.Many students want to learn English well, but don't know where to start. Here is some advice.Why do you want to learn English?Before you begin (or go back to) studying English, ask yourself one question. Why do I want to study English? 16 Like every decision in life, studying English must be something you want to do.Set goalsIf you know why you want to study, setting goals is easy. For example, maybe you want to travel to an English-speaking country. Great. Your goal might be to learn nSurvival English”. 17Make a timetableHow long do you need to study to achieve your goals? This answer is different for every student. 18 If you work 60 hours per week, don't plan on spending another 40 hours a week studying English. Start off slow, but study regularly. Use material that is challenging, but not too difficult.19After you have studied for a few weeks, adjust your study schedule accordingly. Do you study best at night, or on the bus on your way to work? Do you like to study alone in a quiet place, or with friends and background music?Have fun learning English!20 If you aren't having fun learning English, you're not studying the right way! You can be a serious student who has fun at the same time. Make up your own rewards program to give yourself incentives to stay on task.A. Find out what works for you.B. The important thing is to be realistic.C. You already know many useful phrases.D. Whatever your goals are, write them down.E. Improve your listening skills and pronunciation.F. The things we do best in life are the things we enjoy doing.G. Is it because you want to, or because someone else wants you to?5 Reasons to Be Flexible About Your Career PlansStaying flexible when it comes to thinking about your future may be the right choice for you. Here are five reasons why.People change.While a certain career may seem like a good fit for you now, think about how different you may be in five, ten or twenty years. As you get older, have more experiences and learn new things, your feelings about what you want to do may change. 16The world changes.Webmasters(网站管理员)didn't exist a generation ago. The world changes very fast. 17 Pay attention both to the changes in your interests and to developments in the career world.There's no one perfect career.When choosing a career, youUI try to match your skills and interests with work in certain areas. There won't be one perfect match. 18 But many jobs will suit you and allow you to use your talents.19Did you ever hear someone say something like, nI fell into my careern? That's because as important as planning and research are, chance still plays a role. Keep an open mind, lea