中考英语常见介词用法总结及考点训练.docx

中考英语常见介词用法总结及考点训练在学习英语过程中，介词是一种小词，但是它的作用和运用的复 杂性是不能够小看的。方位介词in/on/toin表示在某地范围之内Fujian is/lies in the south of China.福建在中国的南部。1. on表示与某地相邻或接壤Mongolia is/lies on the north of China.蒙古国位于中国北边。2. to表示在某地范围之外（不接壤）Japan is/lies to the east of China.日本位于中国的东面。工具或手段的介词by/with/onby用某种方式，多用于交通I went there by bus.我坐公共汽车去那儿。1. with表示“用某种工具”He broke the window with a stone.他用石头把玻璃砸坏了。注意：with表示用某种工具时，必须用冠词或物主代词。2. on表示“以方式”，多用于固定词组I decided to buy it.考虑到价格很低，我决定把它买下。6 .选 C,by意为“最迟到之前，到的时候已经”。类例地，下 面一题也选by：The train leaves at 6:00 p.m. So I have to be at the station5:40 p.m. at the latest.A. until B. afterC. around D. by7 .选 C。besides意为“除之外，还”。又如：He has another car besides this.除了这辆车外，他还有一辆。Besides being a teacher; he was a poet.除了是位教师外，他还是位诗人。Did he do anything besides hitting you?除了打你之外，他还有没有别的什么举动？8 .选 Dothrough意为“穿过，贯穿，经过，透过"。又如：The train ran through the tunnel,火车穿过隧道。I saw you through the window.我是透过窗子看到你的。9 .选 Co在四个选项中，只有except that后可接句子。10 .选B。except when和except that后均可接句子，但前者含“当的时候”的意思，而后者则没有这个意思。11 .选 Boexcept与except for的区别是：前者主要用来谈论同类的东西; 后者主要用来谈论不同类的东西，在说明情况后作细节上的修正，有 时含有惋惜之意。12 .选 B,except和except for均可表示排除，但若是表示谈论不同类的 对象，通常用exceptforo另外，except通常不用于句首。13 .选 A。比较：in spite of=虽然,尽管仍；instead of=代替,取而代之;in case of二假设，万一；in favour of二赞同，有利于。14 .选 Coaboard用作介词时意思“在（船、飞机、车）上”、“上（船、飞 机、车）”。They talked on the telephone.他们通过电话进行交谈。She learns English on the radio/on TV.她通过收音机/电视学英语。关于介词of/about/onOf仅是提到或谈到过某人或某事He spoke of the film the other day.他前几天提到了这部影片。1. about指“关于"某人或某事物的较详细的情况Can you tell me something about yourself?你能告诉我关于你自己的事情吗？2. on指“关于”学术性的或严肃的事ltns a textbook on the history of china.它是一本有关中国历史的教科书。原因或理由介词 for/at/from/of/with/by/because of1. for 表示原因， 与 sorry, famous, punish, praise, thank, blame 连 用。I am sorry for what I said to you.我后悔不该对你讲那些话。2. at指情感变化的原因，意为“因听到或看到而”。He was surprised at the news.听到这消息他大吃一惊。3. from指“外在的原因”，如受伤、车祸等。He died from the wound.他因受伤而致死。4. of指“内在的原因”，如病、饿等。The old man died of hunger.老人死于饥饿。5. with指生理上或情感上的由外界到内心的原因。Hearing the news, he jumped with joy.他们听到这个消息，欣喜若狂。He was shaking with anger.他气得浑身发抖。6. by表示外部的，尤其是暴力的或无意中造成某种结果的原因。Her body was bent by age.他因年老背弯了。She took your umbrella by mistake.我因弄错拿了你的雨伞。7. because of表示引起结果的直接原因。He retired last month because of illness/because he ill.8. owing to多表示引起某不良后果的原因。Owing to the rain they could not come.由于下雨他们没来。9. thanks to表示引起某种幸运结果的原因，常译为“幸亏，多亏，Thanks to John, we won the game.多亏约翰，我们才赢了这场比赛。10. out of表示动机的起因，常译为“出于，He asked the question out of curiosity.他出于好奇才问了那个问题。11. through多表示因局部而影响全局的原因。The war was lost through bad organization.战争因组织不周而失败了。计量介词at/for/byat表示“以速度” ”以价格”It flies at about 900 kilometers an hour.它以每小时900公里的速度飞行。I sold my car at a high price.我以高价出售了我的汽车。1. for表示“用交换，以为代价”He sold his car for 500 dollars.他以五百元把车卖了。注意：at表示单价(price) , for表示总钱数。2. by表示“以计”，后跟度量单位。They paid him by the month.他们按月给他计酬。Here eggs are sold by weight.在这里鸡蛋是按重量卖的。材料介词of/from/in1. of表示成品仍可看出原料This box is made of paper.这个盒子是纸做的。2. from则表示成品已看不出原料Wine is made from grapes.葡萄酒是葡萄酿成的。3. in表示用某种材料或语言。Please fill in the form in pencil first.请先用铅笔填写这个表格。They talk in English.他们用英语交谈。表示支持或反对的介词：against/foragainst反对，for支持，互为反义词。Are you for my idea or against it?你赞同还是反对我的想法？表示除某人某物外的介词：besides/exceptL besides是包括后面所提人或物在内的“除外，还”。Thirty students went to the cinema besides him.除他以外，还有30个学生去看了电影（共计31人去）。2. except是指不包括后面所提人或物在内的“除去”。Everyone is excited except me.除我以外的每个人都很激动（我并不激动）。表示好像或当作的介词like/aslike表示“像一样”，其实不是。Peter the Great, like his country, was strong and proud.彼得大帝像他的国家一样强健和自豪。1. as表示“作为，以身份”，其实也是。He talked to me as a father.他以父亲的身份跟我谈话。注：as作连词时，可表示“好像”。The work is not so difficult as you imagine.这工作不像你想像的那么困难。练习题So far, several ships have been reported missing thecoast of Bermuda Island.A. offB. along. onD. around1 .How long have you stayed in this hotel?v "Not long, just this Monday.”A. on B. since2 .The lift in that tall building went wrong and got trapped floors. People in it had no way to get out.A. in B. betweenC. among D. on4. uWhat a terrible rain we are having!” “Yes. We are asked to pay more attention to the information about the rain flood. ”. as well as B. so long asC. because of D. in case of.their inexperience, they" ve done a good job.A. GivenB. SupposedC. Considered D. Concluded5 .They promise that the work would all be finished nextweek.A. until B. inC. by D. to6 .reading the letter, what has he done?A. Because of B.ExceptC. Besides D. But for8 . “How did the robber get in?” "an open window on the first floor.”A. Past B. FromC. OverD. Through.She knew nothing about his journey he was likely to beaway for three months.A. Except B. except forC. except that D. in addition10.He usually goes to work by bike it rains.A .except B. except whenC. except for D. except that11.1 found the island a wonderful place for our experiments the hot weather.A. besidesB. except forC. exceptD. except that12.the weather, we had a pleasant time.A. ExceptB. Except forC. ButD. Besides13.He always did well at school having to do part-time jobsevery now and then.A. in spite of B. instead ofC. in case of D. in favor of14.As it was almost time for the flight, all the passengers got the plane.A. around B. abroad【答案与解析】1 .选 A。off用作介词时可表示距离，此时尤其用于指距离某一大路或靠 近某海面。又如：Our house is about 20 meters off the main road.我们家离大路大约有20米远。The ship anchored a mile off the coast.轮船抛锚停泊在离海岸1英里的地方。2 .选 Bo此答句为省略句，补充完整为：I' ve stayed in this hotel since this Monday.3 .选 Bobetween floors指在两层楼之间。4 .选 Do复合介词in case of有两个意思，一是表示条件，意为“如果”； 二是表示目的，意为“以防”。如：In case of fire, call 119.万一失火，就打119电话。Take an umbrella with you in case of rain.带把雨伞，以防下雨。5 .选 A,given在此用作介词,意为“考虑到"。又如：Given the low price,