高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语知识点归纳.docx
高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语知识点归纳高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语语法知识点总结高一英语语法知识点总结:主谓 一致一.概念:主谓一致是指:1)语法形式上要一致,即单复数形式与谓语要一致。2)意义上要一致,即主语意义上的单复数要与谓语的单复 数形式一致。3)就近原则,即谓语动词的单复形式取决于最靠近它的词 语,一般来说,不可数名词用动词单数,可数名词复数用动词 复数。例如:There is much water in the thermos.但当不可数名词前有表 示数量的复数名词时,谓语动词用复数形式。例如:Ten thousand tons of coal were produced last year.二.相关 知识点精讲1 .并列结构作主语时谓语用复数,例如:Reading and writing are very important.读写很重要。注意:当主语由and连结时,如果它表示一个单一的概念, 即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and此时连接的两 个词前只有一个冠词。例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢 铁工业对我们的生活有重要意义。典 型例题 The League secretary and monitor asked to make a speech at the meeting.A. is B. was C. are D. were 答案 B. 注:先从时态上考虑。这是过去发生的事情应用过去时,先 排 除 A., Co 本题易误选 D,因为 The League secretary and monitor 好象是两个人,但仔细辨别,monitor前没有the,在英语中,当一人兼数职时只在第一个职务前加定冠词。后面的职务用 and相连。这样本题主语为一个人,所以应选Bo2 .主谓一致中的靠近原则1)当there be句型的主语是一 系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk. 桌上 有一支笔、一把小刀和几本书。There are twenty boy-students and twenty-three girlstudents in the class. 班上有二十个男孩,二十三个女孩。2)当e计her. or与neither. nor,连接两个主语时,谓语 动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。如果句子是由here,there引导, 而主语又不止一个时,谓语通常也和最邻近的主语一致。例如:Either you or she is to go.不是你去,就是她去。Here is a pen, a few envelops and some paper for you.给你 笔、信封和纸。3 .谓语动词与前面的主语一致 当主语有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等 词组成的短语时,谓 语动词与前面的主语部分一致。例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.教师和一些学生在参观工厂。He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我想去划船。4 .谓语需用单数的情况1)代词each以及由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语时,或主语中含有each, every时, 谓语需用单数。例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每人者B有录音机。There is something wrong with my watch.我的表坏 了。5 )当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.天 方夜谭是英语爱好者熟悉的一本书。6 )表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.用三个星期来做准备。Ten yuan is enough.十元够了。5.指代意义决定谓语的单复数1)代词what, which, who, none, some, any, more, most, all等词的单复数 由其指代的词的 单复数决定。例如:All is right. 一切顺利。All are present.人都到齐了。2)集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如 family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee 等词 后,谓语动词用复数形式时强调这个集体中的各个成员,用单 数时强调该集体的整体。例如:His family isn“t very large.他家成员不多。His family are music lovers.他家个个都是音乐爱好者。但集合名词people, police, cattle, pou"y等在任何情况下都 用复数形 式。例如:Are there any police around附近有警察吗 3)有些名词,如 variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。例如:A number of +名词复数+复数动词。The number of +名词复数+单数动词。A number of books have lent out. The majority of the students like English. 6.与后接名词或代词保持一致的情况1)用 half of, most of, none of, heaps of, lots of, plenty of 等引起主语 时,谓语动词通常与of后面的名词/代词保持一致。例如:Most of his money is spent on books.他大部分的钱化在书 上了。Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大 部分学生积极参与体育运动。2)用 a portion of, a series of, a pile of, a panel of 等引起主 语时,谓语动 词通常用单数。例如:A series of accidents has been reported.媒体报道了连串 的事故。A pile of lots was set beside the hearth.炉边有一堆木柴。3)如 many a或 more than one所修饰的短语作主语时, 谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than. of作主语时,动词 应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。例如:Many a person has read the novel.许多人读过这本书。More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分 之六十多的学生来自这个城市。高一英语语法知识点总结:动词的时态概念:时态是英语谓 语动词的一种形式,表示动作发生的时间和所处的状态.英语中 的时态是通过动词形式本身的变化来实现的.英语有16种时态, 但中学阶段 较常用的有十种:一般现在时,一般过去时,一般将来 时,过去将来时,现在进行时,过去进行时,将来进行时,过去完成时,英 在完成时和现在完成进行时.二.相关知识点精讲1 .一般现在时 的用法1)经常性或习惯性的动作,常与表示频腮度的时间状语 连用。时间状语:every., sometimes, at., on Sunday。例如:I leave home for school at 7 every morning. 每天早上我七 点离开家。2)客观真理,客观存在,科学事实。例如:The earth moves around the sun.地球绕太阳转动。Shanghai lies in the east of China.上海位于中国东部。3)表示格言或警句。例如:Pride goes before a fall.骄者必败。注意:此用法如果出现在宾语从句中,即使主句是过去时, 从句谓语也要用一般现在时。例:Columbus proved that the earth is round. 哥伦布证实 了地球是圆的。4)现在时刻的状态、能力、性格、个性。例如:I donut want so much.我不要那么多。Ann writes good English but does not speak well.安英语写 得不错,讲的可不行。比较:Now I put the sugar in the cup.把糖放入杯子。lam doing my homework now.我正在做功课。第一句用一般现在时,用于操作演示或指导说明的示范性动 作,表示言行的瞬间动作。第二句中的now是进行时的标志, 表示正在进行的动作的客观 状况,所以后句用一般现在时。2. 一般过去时的用法1)在确定的过去时间里所发生的动作 或存在的状态。例如:时间状语 有:yesterday, last week, an hour ago, the other day, in 1982 等。例如:Where did you gojust now刚才你上哪儿去了 2)表示在过 去一段时间内,经常性或习惯性的动作。例如:When I was a child, I often played football in the street. 我 是个孩子的时候,常在马路上踢足球。Whenever the Browns went during theirvisit, they were given a warm welcome. MPHt,布朗一家无论什么时候去,都受到热烈 欢迎。3)句型:It is time for sb. to do sth 到时间了""该了”。例如:It is time for you to go to bed.你该睡觉了。It is time that sb. did sth.” 时间已迟了" "早该了",例如It is time you wentto bed.你早该睡觉了。would (had) rather sb. did sth.表示"宁愿某人做某事"。例 如:l"d rather you came tomorrow.还是明天来吧。4) wish, wonder, think, hope等用过去时,作试探性的询问、 请求、建议等,而一般过去时表示的动作或状态都已成为过去,现已不复存在。例如:I thought you might have some.我以为你 想要一些。比较:Christine was an invalid all her life.(含义:她已不在人 间。)Christine has been an invalid all her life.(#5C:她现在还活 着)Mrs. Darby lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:达比太太 已不再住在肯塔基州。)Mrs. Darby has lived in Kentucky for seven years.(含义:现在还住在肯塔基州,有可能指刚离去)注 息:用过去时表示现在,表示委婉语气。1)动词 want, hope, wonder, think, intend 等。例如:Did you wantanything else 您还要些什么吗 I wondered if you could help me.能不能帮我一下。2)情态动词could, wouldo例如:Could you lend me your bike你的自行车,能借用一些吗3. 一般将来时1) shall用于第一人称,常被will所代替。will在陈 述句中用于各人称,在征求意见时常用于第二人称。例如:Which paragraph shall I read first 我先读哪一段呢 Will you be at home at seven this evening 今晚七点回家好吗 2) be going to +不定式,表示将来。a.主语的意图,即将做某事。例如:What are you going to do tomorrow明天打算作什么呢b.计划,安排要发生的事。例 如:The play is going to be produced next month o这出戏下月 开播。c.有迹象要发生的事。例如:Look at the dark clouds, there is going to be a storm.看那乌云,快要下雨了。3) be +不定式表将来,按计划或正式安排将发生的事。例如: We are to discuss the report next Saturday.我们下星期六讨论这 份报告。4) be about to +不定式,意为马上做某事。例如:He is about to leave for Beijing.他马上要去北京。注意:be about to do 不能与 tomorrow, next week 等表示 明确将来时的时间状语连用。4. 一般现在时表将来1)下列动词come, go, arrive, leave, start, begin, return的一般现在时可 以表示将来,主要用来表示 在时间上已确定或安排好的事情。例如:The train leaves at six tomorrow morning. 火车明天上午六 点开。When does the bus star It stars in ten minutes. 汽车什么时 候开十分钟后。2)以here, there等开始的倒装句,表示动作正在进行。例如:Here comes the bus. = The bus is coming.车来 了。There goes the bell. = The bell is ringing.铃响 了。