山东省部分地区-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语汇编阅读理解.docx

山东省部分地区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题分类汇编阅读理解山东省济宁市2022-2023学年高二上学期2月期末英语试题第一节（共15小题；每小题2. 5分，满分37. 5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。AThe MetroCard New York, a thin plastic rechargeable card, is a good option if you are planning to take a tour of New York and are looking for a simple and inexpensive way to get around!Which to choose?Depending on your preferences, you can choose among the following types of cards ： The pay-per-use card： Pay-per-ride MetroCardA metro journey costs $ 3 （single fare）, but with a Pay-per-ride MetroCard you will only pay $2. 75. Your card will be charged for each journey you make.Note that a card can be used by up to 4 people-i. e. if you only have one card in your group of 4 people, you can access the subway or bus by swiping（刷 卡）it 4 times. However, if there are 5 of you, you will need a second card： the Pay-per-ride MetroCard can only be swiped 4 times in a row. The unlimited use payment card： Unlimited Ride MetroCardThe 7-day-unlimited MetroCard is valid （有效的）for 7 straight days. It costs $33. If you use public transport often during your stay, it will quickly become profitable! That's why it's the most commonly used card for tourists.The 30-day-unlimited MetroCard is valid for 30 days. It costs $127. You have unlimited swipes on the subway and buses for 30 days, and you can't pause it once started.The One-year MetroCard is valid for a whole year, so it is of no interest to tourists.How to use?You have to swipe your MetroCard through the reader and then wait for the display to say “GO”. Unfortunately, this isn't as easy as it sounds at times. As with many other Metro passes, it can be kind of tricky at first, but if you can't get it working, you are not alone. Just watch otherC. Test their intelligence. D. Design simple activities.30. How should we study according to the Zeigarnik effect?A. Repeat over and over again. B. Divide up our study session.C. Focus on several tasks at a time. D. Have enough rest before studying.31. Whafs the main idea of the last paragraph?A. How to get rid of heavy stress. B. Why we should set a final goal.C. How to break the habit of delaying work. D. Why we always complete tasks in a rush.DThere seems to be a lot of talk these days about what is fair, and what is not. Most people tend to believe life should be fair. Some of the 99% seem to believe life has somehow treated them unfairly, and some of the 1% feel life hasn't treated them fairly enough. My questions are these: What is fairness? Is life fair? Should life be fair?We clearly have no choice about how we come into this world. We have little choice early in life. But as we grow older, choices abound. I have long believed that while we have no control over the beginning of our life, the majority of us have the ability to influence the outcomes we attain. Fairness is a state of mind, and most often, an unhealthy state of mind. Our state in life cannot, or at least should not, be blamed on our parents, our teachers, or our societyit's largely based on the choices we make, and the attitudes we adopt.Life is full of examples of the uneducated, the mentally and physically challenged people bom into war-torn areas, who could have complained about life being unfair, but who instead chose a different path. Regardless of the challenges they faced, they had the character to choose contribution over complaint.I agree that challenges exist. I agree that many have an uphill battle due to the severity of the challenges they face. What I disagree with is the attempt to use fairness to solve all problems in the world. Rules and orders don't create fairness, but people's desire and determination can work around most life challenges.It doesn't matter whether you are bom with a silver spoon, plastic spoon, or no spoon at all. A friend of mine came to this country from Africa in his late teens, barely spoke the language, drove a cab while working his way through college, and is now the president of a technology services firm. Stories such as this are all around us-they are not miracles, nor are they the rare exception.They do, however, demonstrate blindness to the mindset of the fairness.32. What does the underlined word “abound“ in Paragraph 2 mean?A. Change fully. B. Remain the same. C. Exist in numbers. D. Disappear completely.33. What opinion does the writer agree with?A. Most of us can influence the results we achieve.B. Our background determines our choices.C. People's desire and determination create unfairness.D. We should depend on fairness to solve all problems.34. What is the primary purpose of the text?A. To promote efforts over complaint. B. To stress the importance of fairness.C. To share an inspiring story of a friend. D. To prove that fairness is a state of mind.35. Which of the following can be the best title for the text?A. Fairness Is JusticeB. Life Is Not FairDeal W汕 ItC. Fairness Comes FirstD. Fairness Creates Chances山东省青岛地区2022-2023学年高二上学期期末考试英语试题四、阅读理解ABook your spot on these best-selling trips - before someone else does.Dashing ScotlandHead to Edinburgh, the capital of Scotland, to explore key historical sights - from the Royal Mile to Edinburgh Castle. Then, breathe in the fresh air of Loch Lomond. Rest your tired legs back at a comfortable hotel in the centre of Edinburgh. The four-day journey is the first choice for senior citizens.The Real Costa RicaExplore a Costa Rican cloud forest, surf the best Pacific waves and sleep near the Arenal volcano. This eight-day adventure is perfect for wildlifewatchers and adventure lovers you'll spot various wild animals, and white-water rafting through the jungle.Discover JordanDiscover a lesser-known side of Jordan. On this nine-day journey, you'll hike through brown-coloured mountains, dive in the Red Sea and rest in wild camp under the stars. But not before the chance to sample street food, taste local wines and explore the old city ruins in Amman. Eager adventurers, this trip is made for you.Speedy GreeceWith ancient temples, antiquity-stuffed museums and more theatres than any other city in the world, when it comes to culture, Athens is on top of it.But what you may not know is that it also has one of the most lively street art scenes in Europe, which you'll explore in the company of our Local Insider.End this extraordinary five-day adventure with a sunset wine-tasting session.21. Which trip might you choose for your elderly parents?A. Dashing Scotland. B. The Real Costa Rica.C. Discover Jordan. D. Speedy Greece.22. What can visitors do during the trip to Jordan?A. Have a five-day adventure. B. Sleep in a local hotel.C. Taste local street food. D. Reconstruct old city ruins.23. Who might be interested in the trip Speedy Greece?A. Surfing lovers. B. Camp lovers.C. Street art lovers. D. Wildlife lovers.BI desperately needed to write. Eighty percent of the way through my Ph.D., with revisions to make and two more chapters to complete, I felt increasing pressure to get words on paper. But my love of writing disappeared because of the inflexible essay structures of high school. I would sit at my computer late into the night, forcing the words out at turtle speed.Before my twins were born, I had pictured polishing my paper while the babies slept soundly. But from the day my twins were born, I felt I had no time to do anything besides care for them, let alone write.After my fingers came nowhere close to a keyboard for 6 weeks and the date for handing in the paper was approaching, I decided enough was enough.I would just have to use the rare minutes I had. As soon as my babies fell asleep, I flew to my computer, a sentence already formed in my mind, determined to see whether I could land those words on the page before the babies realized I was gone.In the weeks that followed, I continued what I named "microwriting”. Sometimes a baby would wake even before I made it to the computer. Those days filled me with fears that I would never finish my paper. But those moments also hardened my determination; I had no choice but to try again tomorrow.Over time, a sentence gradually turned into a paragraph and then a page. Even when I only got one word down, it was still one step forward. And as I learned to savor my limited writing time, my love for it returned. I've learned there is never a perfect time to write. I have to carve out moments when I can, and value each opportunity to get words on paper. The time to write is now. 24. What can we know about the author from paragraph 1 ?A. She had completed her paper.B. She kept a passion for writing.C. She was struggling with her paper.D. She preferred the fixed writing structure.25. Why did the author begin “microwriting''?A. To strengthen her determination.B. To meet the deadline of her paper.C. To ensure the babies9 sleeping time.D. To practise typing on the keyboards.26. What does the underlined word “savor“ mean in the last paragraph?A. Restrict. B. Set. C. Enjoy. D. Kill.27. What is the best title for the text?A. My Hobby: Writing is a way of livingPaper-writing: A fixed structure of writingB. My Challenge: How to be a qualified mother?C. Microwriting: My way to use interrupted time fullyCDespite many public health campaigns to highlight various problems with sugary drinks, we drink them a lot. But, not everyone consumes them. Two new studies shed light on the fact that some of us easily fall victim to the harms of sugary drinks than others.Though sugary drinks are everywhere, some people find them harder to resist and the first study, conducted by professor Joshua McGreen at Flinders University, sought to understand why. For the research, 128 young adults of 17 to 25 completed a computer test evaluating their attitudes about soft drinks, measured against their soft drink consumption. The study showed that the more unconscious positive judgments individuals had of soft drink advertising, the more soft drink they consumed. It also found that a lack of inhibitory control, which is the cognitive process that allows us to control our desires say, to buy a nice-tasting soft drink even though we know it's unhealthy was also a factor in increased consumption.A second study provides clues about who is more easily influenced by the marketing strategies. The study found that soft drink companies, like Coca-Cola and PepsiCo, have multi-billion dollar advertising and marketing budgets aimed to “create, maintain and increase consumer demand around benefits related to happiness, social status etc.". These campaigns are "increasingly being directed at disadvantaged groups", including children and adolescents generally, and people living in disadvantaged neighborhoods.Soft drinks, even “zero-sugar" ones, are typically high in calories, but of little nutritional benefit. Placing a tax on sweet drinks may be one strategy to reduce people's consumption. McGreen also suggests that people develop strong self-control of soft drink consumption. It's something he wants to research further. He adds, "I would also like to ban advertisements for soft drinks for sports or programs that appeal to children. It is specially important for sports people to stop being walking billboards for junk food and drinks.” 28. What do the two new studies focus on?A. The harm of sugary drinks. B. The popularity of sugary drinks.C. The consumers of sugary drinks. D. The profit made by sugary drinks.29. Who are most likely to buy sugary drinks according to McGreen?A. Those who have a good spending habit.B. Those who can control their desires well.C. Those who have a good impression of soft drinks.D. Those who have no interest in soft drink advertising.30. What is the last paragraph mainly about?A. The warning against the consumption of soft drinks.B. Suggestions on reducing the consumption of soft drinks.C. The importance of sports stars in advertising soft drinks.D. Plans to research into self-control of soft drink consumption.31. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment. B. Health. C. Education. D. Sports.DIn 1960 Jane Goodall, a British primatologist （灵长类动物学家），observed chimpanzees in Gombe National Park in Tanzania. At that point, it was thought only humans had the capacity to create and use tools, but the chimpanzees were using thin leaves of grass to fish termites （白蚁） from their mounds （土堆）.Since then the distinction between animals and humans has become less obvious. In addition to tool making, chimpanzees - and many other animals besides - display emotion and self-awareness. Studies show that elephants feel sad and rats have empathy. In "The Creative Life of Animals Carol Gigliotti, a professor in Vancouver, has compiled Q匚编）research that examines such behaviour through the lens of creativity.This requires a more generous definition of creativity. Ms Gigliotti suggests considering creativity from the animal's point of view instead of human's.“If animals in their own cultures can solve problems or create products of value to them, it seems accurate to consider these as creative J she writes.Beaver lodges （海狸窝）are a case in point: there is no single model for their construction. Each river or lake has its unique features and beavers createa custom-made structure to adapt to the given habitat so, in Ms Gigliotti's opinion, lodges deserve to be considered a creative activity.Though seemingly a book about creativity, the author frequently turns to discuss animal emotion and intelligence. She argues that animal personality is not limited to primate, dogs or cats, but also many other animals including ants, fish and mice.The book makes its strongest case when advocating a revision of how to think about, and act towards, animals. Ms Gigliotti points out that humans are only one of millions of species on Earth. She suggests that animals are individuals with complicated and creative lives of their own.32. What did Jane Goodall find during her observation?A. Chimpanzees liked to play with termites.B. Only humans had the capacity to use tools.C. The animal could use simple tools to get food.D. There was no distinction between humans and animals.33. What do we know about “The Creative Life of Animals"?A. It is a fiction book.B. It is written by Jane Goodall.C. It is about the life of chimpanzees.D. It offers a new insight into animals.34. What does the author intend to do in paragraph 4?A. Add some background information.B. Summarize the previous paragraphs.C. Provide an example to support ideas.D. Introduce a new topic for discussion.35. What might Ms Gigliotti agree with?A. Creativity is unique to human beings.B. Animals deserve human9s recognition.C. Humans are the master of the universe.D. Small animals don't possess personalities.山东省泰安市2022-2023学年高二上学期期