2023年上海牛津8A英语词汇和语法复习.pdf

Notes&Grammar of 8A Notes for Reading of Unit 31.deal with trouble 1)deal with:handle(处理，应付，对待)a problem or person;look after something and do what is necessary;deal dealt dealt(1)deal with sb.对待/对付某人 e.g.He is naughty.Nobody knows how to deal with him.(2)deal with sth.处理/应付问题 e.g.Do you know how to deal with the trouble/the case?deal(n.)a great deal of+不可数名词 大量的 e.g.a great deal of time 大量的时间(v.&n.)交易，协议 e.g.We have done a deal with him.我们已经和他做了一个协议/做一笔生意。dealer n.商人 a drug dealer 毒品贩子 2)trouble:problem,difficulty or worry 问题；困难 What s the trouble/the matter/wrong with you?(be)in trouble 处于困难中 have trouble(in)doing sth.做某事有困难 troublesome(adj.)麻烦的；困难的；讨厌的 2.Paul is writing about an unusual thing which happened to him one day.保罗正在写(关于)某天发生在他身上的一件不同寻常的事情。1)write about 写有关于 2)happen(不及物动词)(1)(sb.)happen to do sth.(某人)碰巧去做某事（否定：happen not to do sth.或 do not happen to do sth.)e.g.Paul happened to meet an old friend in the bookstore yesterday.I didn t happen to have any time then.(那时我碰巧没有时间。)=I happened not to have any time then.=I happened to have no time then.(2)(sth.)happen to sb.(某事)碰巧发生在某人身上 e.g.You look very sad.What has happened to you?你看上去很难过。发生了什么事？I hope nothing has happened to my friend.我希望我的朋友不会遇到什么不测。比较“happen”和“take place”：(1)发生 take place（事先计划/安排好的）=happen（偶然遇到/遭到）(2)举行 take place=be held e.g.The concert will take place next Sunday.=will be held 3)unusual(元音开头 adj.):strange or uncommon 特别的；不寻常的 usual(辅音开头 adj.)通常的(un)usually(adv.)(不)寻常的；(不)通常的 4)one day(将来/过去)某一天 some day(将来)某一天 3.Today my dad and I were waiting for the ferry when suddenly we heard a big argument.1)wait waited waited waiting waiter/waitress wait for 等待/等候 wait to do 等待/等候去做 2)suddenly(adv.):all at once 突然间；突然地 sudden(adj.)突然的 3)hear heard heard(感官动词)听见，听到 表示动作过程的词语:listen to 听 look for 寻找 look at 看 表示动作结果的词语:hear 听到/见 find 找到 see 看到/见 hear sb.doing sth.听见某人正在做某事hear sb.do sth.听见某人做某事(全过程)/经常做某事 hear from sb.=receive/get a letter from sb.收到某人的来信4)argument(可数 n.)angry talk between people with different ideas 争吵；争论；争辩have an argument about sth.with sb.和某人争吵有关于 argue(v.):talk angrily;quarrel 争论；争吵；争辩argued argued arguing argue about sth.with sb.（提示：“ue”结尾变形时要去“e”，你还记得吗？）5)when(1)作特殊疑问词：何时；什么时候(2)作 conj.连词：在那时候（本句中用法）=and at that time 当 时候（可能会用“主一将，从一现”）4.Two women tourists and a young man were shouting at each other.1)women tourists(单数)a woman tourist man 和 woman 修饰其它名词时变复数时，需要同时变复数。e.g.a man driver(pl.复数)men drivers 2)shout at 冲 叫喊；冲 嚷嚷 shout back at 冲 回嚷 3)each other 互相；彼此（两者之间）one another 互相；彼此（3 之间）两个短语的所有格都在短语后加“S”，互相的，彼此的。5.The man held out a bag,and showed everyone that it was empty.1)hold held held 握；持有；容纳；举行(=have)catch/take hold of 抓住 hold out（动副结构）递出东西；伸出手（或胳膊）hold up（动副结构）举起 hold on 请稍等（可用于打电话中）2)show showed shown show sb.sth.show sth.to sb.将 给某人看 句中“that it was empty”是 that 引导陈述句作“宾语从句”，引导词“that”可以省去。3)empty(v.&adj.)将 倒空；空的 adj.反义词 full 6.The crowd stared at the three people.No one knew what was happening.1)crowd:(n.)lots of people together 人群；观众(v.)拥挤；群集 the crowd 人群（复数含义）a crowd of+可复 一大群 crowded(adj.)拥挤的 be crowded with 挤满 近义 be filled with 装满/充满 be full of 2)stare at 盯着 看；凝视 glare at 怒视 stare out of window 凝视着窗外 look at 看 look out of window 朝窗外看 3)no one(不定代词)=nobody 4)know knew known 知道；认识 know about 了解 句中“what was happening”作 knew 的“宾语从句”。7.My dad moved throu gh the crowd and said quietly to one of the women,“What s going on?”1)quietly(adv.)小声地；安静地；悄悄地(反义)loudly 大声地 quiet(adj.)安静的2)go on=happen 发生(本句中意思)继续 go on doing sth.(不间断地)继续做某事=continue doing sth.go on to do sth.(有间断地)继续做某事=continue to do sth.go on with sth.继续(做)某事3)say said said say sth.to sb.对某人说 4)move through 在 中穿梭e.g.Cars move slowly through the traffic jams.车辆缓慢穿梭在交通堵塞中。through(prep.)(从 里)穿过 across(prep.&adv.)(从 上)穿过 e.g.through the gate/the tunnel/the forest/the window/the peephole across the square/the river/the street 另外，through the night 彻夜 through his father 通过他的父亲(帮助)区别：throughout=all over 遍及/遍布 8.steal stole stolen(v.)偷 steal sth.from sb./sp.从某人/某地偷 stealing(n.)偷窃（行为）(adj.)有偷窃行为的(近义)theft(n.)偷窃/盗窃(案件/事件)stolen(adj.)被偷窃的；偷走的 stealer(n.)偷窃者（近义）thief throughacross 件不同寻常的事情写有关于不及物动词某人碰巧去做某事否定或那时我碰巧没有时间某事碰巧发生在某人身上你看上 头特别的不寻常的辅音开头常的不寻常的不常的将来过去某一天将来某一天等待等候等待等候去做突然间突然地突然 见某人做某事全过程经常做某事收到某人的来信可数争吵争论争辩和某人争吵有关于争论争吵争辩提示结尾变形时要比较：rob robbed robbed robbing rob sb./sp.of sth.抢某人/某地 robber(n.)强盗；盗贼 robbery(n.)抢劫(案件/事件)9.We were in the bookshop,buying postcards.这里的“buying postcards”是“现在分词短语”做“伴随状语”，伴随在商店里所进行的行为。10.Three young men started talking to us.1)start doing sth.开始做某事；着手做某事 start to do sth.开始去做某事 start=begin 2)talk(v.&n.)交谈；交流 talk to sb.对某人谈/说 talk with sb.与/和某人交流/交谈 talk about sth.谈论某事 have a talk with sb.和某人谈谈话 比较：speak to sb.对某人说 say sth.to sb.向某人说某事 tell sb.sth.(about)告诉某人(有关于）某事 11.Suddenly my friend noticed that her purse was gone.1)notice(感官动词)注意到 notice+宾语从句（本句中用法，划线部分是“宾从”。）notice sb.doing sth.注意到某人正在做某事 notice sb.do sth.注意到某人做某事（全过程）/经常做某事 其余感官动词 see/look at/hear/listen to/watch/observe(观察)用法相同。(n.)通知，布告 2)gone go went gone(vi.)去(adj.)=away from a place;不见了；used up;消失了；drunk up;不复存在了；eaten up 离开了 比较：lost(adj.)丢失了；迷失了；迷路了 12.Two of the men ran away.run ran run running run away(from)(从.)逃跑；逃离()13.We followed this man here.I followed him to a shop nearby.follow(v.)=go after;come after 跟随；更从；列在 之后 follow sb.to sp.(地点名词)跟随某人到某地 follow sb.here/there/home 跟随某人到这里/那里/家=go along;go down 沿着 走；顺着 走 following(adj.)以下的；下列的 follower(n.)追随者；信徒 14.Then the gates opened.The man hurried aboard,and the two women tourists went after him.1)gate:door in a fence or wall outside a building 大门；登机口 door:门（相对较小，如卧室门、教室门等）entrance:入口处(反义)exit 2)hurry hurried hurried(v.&n.)匆忙，赶紧，赶快，催促 hurry to do sth.匆忙/赶紧去做某事 hurry to sp.匆忙/赶紧去某地 hurry here/there/home/aboard 匆忙/赶快来这里/去那里/回家/上船（飞机/火车/公共汽车等）in a hurry 匆忙地=hurriedly in such a hurry 如此匆忙地 3)aboard(adv.副 词&prep.介词):登(机)；上(船/火车/公共汽车等)比较：abroad(adv.)在国外 15.Let s take the next ferry.1)(使役动词 let)let sb.do sth.让某人做某事 let sb.not do sth.让某人不做某事 2)take the next ferry 乘下班渡船 16.This was strange.Was my dad afraid of that man?1)strange:unusual,surprising 奇怪的；奇异的 陌生的 stranger(n.)陌生人 件不同寻常的事情写有关于不及物动词某人碰巧去做某事否定或那时我碰巧没有时间某事碰巧发生在某人身上你看上 头特别的不寻常的辅音开头常的不寻常的不常的将来过去某一天将来某一天等待等候等待等候去做突然间突然地突然 见某人做某事全过程经常做某事收到某人的来信可数争吵争论争辩和某人争吵有关于争论争吵争辩提示结尾变形时要2)afraid(adj.)害怕的；恐怕的；担心的（只能做“表语”，不能够做“定语”）be afraid of sb./sth.害怕；畏惧 be afraid to do sth.害怕(不敢)去做某事 be afraid of doing sth.害怕（不愿）做某事 比较：frightening(adj.)令人害怕的（即可做“表语”，又可做“定语”）frightened(adj.)感到害怕的 17.He picked up the phone and quickly dialled 110.1)pick up（动副结构）拿起，捡起；(开车)接某人 pick 采摘 2)dial dialled dialled 拨（电话号码）18.I want to report a theft.1)report(v.&n.)报告；报道；成绩单 report sth.to sb.向 汇报/报道 reporter=journalist 记者 2)theft(可数 n.)偷窃案/事件；抢劫案/事件(不可数 n.)偷窃行为 比较：thief 小偷 thieves(pl.)19.The man is on No.3 ferry now.on the/a/No.3 ferry(介词短语)在渡船上 by ferry(介词短语)乘渡船 take a/the/No.3 ferry(动词短语)乘渡船 20.Please meet the ferry.meet 1)(v.)meet met met(迎)接；遇见；迎合；会见 2)(n.)会议=meeting meet with 偶然遇到/碰到 21.He gave some more details,and then put the phone down.1)give gave given give sb.sth.=give sth.to sb.2)put down(动副短语)放下；记下；镇压 put up(动副短语)挂起；张贴；搭建 put on(动副短语)（动作）穿 put off(动副短语)推迟 put off doing sth.推迟做某事 put into 将 放进 里 put onto 将 放到 上 3)detail(n.)细节；复数常表示“详细情况”in detail 详细地；具体地 detailed(adj.)详细的；明细的 22.As we got off,we saw the two women tourists and four policemen standing around the man and he looked worried.1)as(这里做“conj.连词”使用)当 的时候=when as 做“prep.介词”使用时，表示“作为”as+adj./adv.原级+as 和 一样 2)get off 下（汽车/火车/地铁/船等）(反义)get on get out of 下（小车/Taxi 等）(反义)get into 3)see saw seen(感官动词，用法见本课 NOTE 11)see sb.doing sth.看见某人正在做某事see sb.do sth.看见某人做某事（全过程）/经常做某事see sb.off 给某人送行 see sb.=visit sb.看望某人4)stand around sb.站在某人四周/身边5)look worried 看上去担忧的/慌张的worry worried worried(v.&n.)（使）担心/担忧 worry about 担心/担忧 worried(adj.)担心的；担忧的；着急的；烦恼的；慌张的be worried about 为 而担忧的/担心的23.“Well done,Dad,”I said as we walked by.1)Well done！（口语）好样的！做得好！干得真棒！2)as(这里也做“conj.连词”使用)当 的时候=when 3)walk by()走过(旁)，这里的 by 即可做“adv.”，也可做“prep.”。pass by()经过（）件不同寻常的事情写有关于不及物动词某人碰巧去做某事否定或那时我碰巧没有时间某事碰巧发生在某人身上你看上 头特别的不寻常的辅音开头常的不寻常的不常的将来过去某一天将来某一天等待等候等待等候去做突然间突然地突然 见某人做某事全过程经常做某事收到某人的来信可数争吵争论争辩和某人争吵有关于争论争吵争辩提示结尾变形时要go by()（从 旁）走过/经过 by 其它用法：(1)by+交通方式名词，“乘”(2)by 在 旁/边，e.g.by the river 在河边(3)by doing sth.通过做某事(4)被动语态句中“by sb.”，“被某人”24.Dad just smiled.1)smile(v.&n.)smile at 朝 微笑 with a smile 面带微笑地2)just(adv.)只是；仅仅是just 其它用法：(1)just now=a moment ago 刚才（用于“一过”）(2)just then 就在那时（用于“一过”）(3)just“刚刚”，用于“现完”句中(4)just+点时间，=exactly 正好是(5)just a little(+不可数 n.)=only a little(+不可数 n.)只有一点 just a few(+可复)=only a few(+可复)只有一些(6)just as+从句，正如(7)just the same 照样(8)just 放在“祈使句”前，就/请 e.g.Just do it!就做吧！25.Have you ever been on a ferry?你曾经坐过渡船吗？ever(adv.)曾经；在任何时候；从来=at any time（否定）never(adv.)从不26.diary(n.)日记 diaries(pl.)keep a diary/keep diaries 记日记区别词语：dairy(adj.)奶制的；乳制品业的(n.)奶制品加工厂；乳品店；牛奶场daily(adj.)=everyday 每日的27.realize(v.)意思到；领会 real(adj.)真正的 really(adv.)真正地 realization(n.)领会；实现28.downstairs(adv.)在楼下；往楼下（反义）upstairs go downstairs/upstairs 下楼/上楼 carry downstairs/upstairs 将 搬下楼/搬上楼29.fight(v.&n.)战斗；打斗；打架fight fought fought fight for 为支持/保卫 而战fight(against)为反对 而战；打 fight each other 互相打斗30.rather(adv.)相当；在某种程度上，1)放在 adj./adv.前面修饰，一般指不好的一面。e.g.rather fat/bad 等.2)would rather+动词原形，宁愿做某事比较：quite+adj./adv.十分 fairly+adj./adv.相当，指较为好的一面。e.g.fairly good 31.Diary 日记格式第一行左边书写“天气情况的词语”如：sunny/fine；rainy；cloudy；snowy 等。右边书写“写日记时间”。通常情况下，继续过去的事件/情感，使用“一过”，如果抒发对未来的展望或书写未来的计划/打算，则用“一将”。Notes for Grammar of Unit 3 T he simple past tense(一 般过去时态)件不同寻常的事情写有关于不及物动词某人碰巧去做某事否定或那时我碰巧没有时间某事碰巧发生在某人身上你看上 头特别的不寻常的辅音开头常的不寻常的不常的将来过去某一天将来某一天等待等候等待等候去做突然间突然地突然 见某人做某事全过程经常做某事收到某人的来信可数争吵争论争辩和某人争吵有关于争论争吵争辩提示结尾变形时要通过“时间轴”理解时间背景：时间轴：-I-I-PAST(过去)NOW(现在)FUTURE(未来)1.“一过”概念与功能：记述或谈论“过去的时间背景”中发生的事情或存在的状态，所以在使用“一过”时态时，句子中要么一定出现明确 的过去时间状语，要么前后情境为过去背景，或者句中的谓语动作或状态是众所周知发生在过去的动作或状态。2.“一过”谓语动词形式使用“the past form 过 去式”变化形式有：1)规则动词变化规则：(1)以不发音的“e”结尾，“直接+d”:e.g.stared；moved;used 等。(2)以辅音字母+y 结尾，“将 y 变成 i 后再+es”:e.g.hurried；carried；tried 等。(3)以重读闭音节即动词末尾音节是“一个辅音字母+一个元音字母+一个辅音字母”而且这个元音字母必须是重读的短元音，“双写末尾的辅音字母+ed”:e.g.planned；stopped；robbed；dropped 等。(4)大多数的动词过去式直接+ed:e.g.waited;rained;looked 等。2)不规则动词过去式变化规则详见课本 P.143-P.145，(下周以试卷形式检查，)3.通常情况下，“实意动词、情态动词、联系动词”的过去式可以使用在所有主语之后。而 be 的过去式 was 和 were 的使用有主语限制：“和所有第三人称单数 he/she/it/一个人或物”后使用“was”；“we 和 you 以及 所有第三人称复数 they/2 的人或物”后使用 were。4.“一过”肯、否、疑问句构成：两类过去式 主语人称情况 肯定句 否定句 疑问句beI 以及 He、She、It、一个人或物 was wasn was 提到主语前We、You 以及 They、2 个人或物 were weren were 提到主语前其它动词 适用于一切主语 过去式 didn t+动 词原形 did 提到主语前+动词原形5.适用于“一过”的明确的时间状语有：(1)ago 在 以前(2)last year/month/November/week/Monday/night/autumn 等the year/month/November/week/Monday/night/autumn before last 等去年/上个月/上个星期/上个星期一/昨晚/去年秋天前年/前个月/前个星期/前个星期一/前晚/前年秋天(3)yesterday(morning/afternoon/evening)the day before yesterday昨天（早上/下午/晚上）前天(4)at+过去点时间 在（过去）几点钟(5)on+过去的日期/过去的假日 在（过去）几月几日/假日(6)in+过去的年代/过去的月份/过去的季节 在（过去）几几年/几月/哪个季节友情提醒：(1)对过去的时间提问使用 When；其中对过去的点时间提问还可以使用 What time；(2)“ago/last”用于“一过”，用 When 提问，而“since ago/since last(自从 以来”用于“现完)”，用“How long”提问。6.有关于“时间”书写的几点注意点：1)在具体某一天的早/中/晚前，介词使用“on”，如：on a rainy afternoon on a Thursday morning on an autumn morning on the morning of October 1ston the night of National Day 以上表示“具体某一天概念”的主要是：天气词语，星期词语，季节词语，日期短语，节假日词语或短语等等。2)在“every/last/next/this/tomorrow/yesterday+时间”短语之前，不可以再使用介词“on/in/at”。3)有些时间短语前固定介词搭配：件不同寻常的事情写有关于不及物动词某人碰巧去做某事否定或那时我碰巧没有时间某事碰巧发生在某人身上你看上 头特别的不寻常的辅音开头常的不寻常的不常的将来过去某一天将来某一天等待等候等待等候去做突然间突然地突然 见某人做某事全过程经常做某事收到某人的来信可数争吵争论争辩和某人争吵有关于争论争吵争辩提示结尾变形时要on Christmas Day=at Christmas on Chinese New Year s Day=at Chinese New Yearon the Mid-autumn Festival 在中秋节 on that day(在那一天)on weekdays at noon/at night/at midnight/at that time(=then 在那时)/at the moment(此时；目前)/at lunchtime/at break/at weekends in the morning/in the afternoon/in the evening/in the night in the twenty-first century 在 21 世纪 during/in the summer holiday/vacation 在暑假期间/内 during/in the winter holiday/vacation 在寒假期间/内 等等。Unit 3 Phrases Notes1.Have/Did you ever?2.have an argument with sb.=argue with sb.3.deal with=do with4.happen to dohappen to sb.It happened that 5.What was happening?=What was going on?6.happen=take place7.take place=be held8.be crowded with9.a big(large)crowd10.stare at11.look through the windowgo/walk through the tunnel/forest/woods/件不同寻常的事情写有关于不及物动词某人碰巧去做某事否定或那时我碰巧没有时间某事碰巧发生在某人身上你看上 头特别的不寻常的辅音开头常的不寻常的不常的将来过去某一天将来某一天等待等候等待等候去做突然间突然地突然 见某人做某事全过程经常做某事收到某人的来信可数争吵争论争辩和某人争吵有关于争论争吵争辩提示结尾变形时要pass through the English Channelmove through the crowd12.go/walk/run across swim across the river13.keep quiet=keep silent14.read silently15.speak a little loudersay loudlyread aloud16.be going on=be happening17.steal sth.from sb.(theft,thief)18.rob sb.of sth.(robber,robbery)19.a bank robbery20.in his wallet;in her purse21.all her troubleshave trouble(in)doinghave got heart trouble be in trouble get into trouble have trouble with sth/sb take trouble to do 22.entrance exit 23.go aboard24.go abroad25.hurry aboard=go aboard in a hurry=go aboard hurriedly26.fall aboard27.close aboard28.go after=follow29.be afraid of sth./doing=be afraid to doI am afraid that,I m afraid.=I m afraid that 30.car thefta lot of thefts31.in detailall the details32.put downput upput down=write down33.get onget offget into the carget out of the car34.be worried about=worry about35.one day(将来或过去的某一天)36.all of a sudden=suddenly37.shout at;shout back at;shout to38.help each other;learn from each other;talk to each other39.each other s/one another s weak points40.hold a baby;hold your hand up;hold five people;hold a passport;hold on a moment41.start to do=start doing=begin to do=begin doing42.fill with;be filled with43.notice sb.do/doingcatch one s notice=catch one s eyetake notice of sth.44.hurry to sp.45.meet sb.at the station;Happy to meet you.46.just now;just asjust then;just the same47.go upstairs(downstairs)48.the police+v.(pl.)49.how to deal with it=what to do with it50.wait for51.fill with;be filled with52.show sb.around(round)53.Could you tell me+(a)(b)(c)(d)(e)(f)(g)?(a)what s wrong(with you)(b)what s happening(c)what s the matter(with you)(d)what s going on(e)what s up(f)who he is(g)who wants the book54.(in order)to do=in order that+状语从句=so that+状语从句55.see sth.with one s own eyes56.hurry uphurry to sp.in a hurryWhat s the hurry?57.meet sb.see sb.off58.as=when 当 时work as;act as,etc.as a child;as a present as+adj./adv.+as+sb./sth as+adj./adv.+as possible 59.stand around(round)60.last/yesterday/tomorrow/today/next/this 61.veryratherquite 62.rather colder;rather too hard would rather(not)do=would prefer(not)to do 63.quite better quite right/wrong/impossible/alone quite/rather+v.64.be in handcuffs 65.be connected to;be connected with 66.at once=right now=immediately 67.as soon as 68.improve my speaking ability 件不同寻常的事情写有关于不及物动词某人碰巧去做某事否定或那时我碰巧没有时间某事碰巧发生在某人身上你看上 头特别的不寻常的辅音开头常的不寻常的不常的将来过去某一天将来某一天等待等候等待等候去做突然间突然地突然 见某人做某事全过程经常做某事收到某人的来信可数争吵争论争辩和某人争吵有关于争论争吵争辩提示结尾变形时要69.in no time=right now=at once=immediate-ly=soon 70.go down onto the ferry 71.invite sb.to do invite sb.to sp.72.each of the students give them two each 73.It is getting warmer and warmer now.74.get away from him 75.have an argument with=argue with 7