高中英语动词不定式.pdf

高中英语动词不定式 不定式知识点综述 2、不定式重难点讲解 重难点 1：动词不定式的时态语态 动词不定式(infinitive)两种形式：一种是“to+动 词原形”构成（to-infinitive）；另一种是不带 to 的不定式,即动词原形(bare-infinitive)。动词不定式有一般式、进行式、完成式、完成进行式四种时态变化形式，一般式和完成式有被动语态变化形式。主动语态 被动语态一般式to do to be done 进行式 to be doing 完成式to have done to have been done 完 成 进 行式to have been writing 不定式知识点综述1.不定式的基本形式to do,to be done to be doing;to have done,to have been done 2.否定式构成1.不定式词作主语句型2.识记用不定式作宾语的动词3.跟动名词作宾语区别1.省略 to 的不定式作宾语补足语动词“五看三使两听一感”2.不定式作目的、结果状语a.不定式的时态是以句中谓语动词的时间为依据的：（1）一般式表示的动作或状态通常发生在谓语动词之后或同时发 生。例：They made plans to live in Paris.他们计划住在巴黎。（to live 发生在 made plans 之后）（2）进行式表示其动作正在进行，与谓语动词发生的动作同时进行。例：He pretended to be listening to me carefully.他假装认真地听我讲。（3）不定式的完成式所表示的动作或状态发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前。例：I am sorry to have kept you waiting.对不起，让你久等了。（to have kept 发生在 I am sorry 所表示的时间之前）（4）不定式的完成进行式表示动作在谓语动词之前发生，而且一直进行着。例：He was happy to have been staying with his uncle.他很高兴一直跟他叔叔住在一起。b.不定式的语态不定式的时态是以逻辑主语为依据的：例：The sports meeting on the weekend has to be put off.周末的运动会被迫推迟。注意：意义上被动形式上主动的不定式在“名词（代词）be easy(difficult,fit 等形容词)不定式”结构中，有时尽管主语是动作的承受者，不定式在意义上是被动，形式上却是主动，这时可以看成省略了动词逻辑主语 for us,for me,for you 等。例：The book is difficult to read.这本书很难读懂。i.不定式作主语1.不定式作主语和表语口语中常用 it 作形式主语。2.若说明不定式动作对于执行者的影响，常在不定式前加 for sb.。3.但是以形容词作表语来说明主语的行为品质时（如 kind，goodnice，wise，clever，silly，wrong9 right,foolish,stupid,careless,considerate,rude,naughty,polite,agreeable等），不定式前加 of sb.。4.不定式作表语，表示目的、结果、同意、命令、安排、决定、劝告等意义。专项练习1.How _ the problem will be discussed some time later this afternoon.A.to solve B.to be solve C.being solved D.solving 2.Is it necessary the geography book at once?A.for her to return B.that she must return C.her returning D.of him to return 3.It forty-five minutes there by bus.A.costs.to get B.costs.getting C.takes.to get D.takes.getting 4.This grammar point is later.A.to explain B.to have been explained C.to be explained D.to be explaining 5.Tom seemed the good news.A.to learn B.to be learning C.to have learned D.to have been learning Keys:1-5 A A C C C ii.不定式作宾语1.只能以不定式作宾语，而不能以动名词作宾语的动词有：（“希望”干）wish,hope,expect,long,desire;（早“打算”）plan,mean,prepare,attempt,intend;（“同意”“否”）agree,consent,refuse,decline;（“寻”“问”看）seek,ask,beg;（“选”“定”了）choose,decide,determine,promise;（“尽”“自 愿”）manage,volunteer,tend;(“称”“失 败”）claim,fail;（“敢”“装 蒜”）dare,pretend 2.可用于“动词+it+形容词名词+to do sth”结构中的动词有 feel,find,make,think,believe,consider等。3.以动词不定式作宾语的形容词有 happy，glad，pleased，sure，ready，anxious，eager，free，afraid，willing 等。4.有些介词后也可以不定式作宾语，如介词 but，about，except，save 等。专项练习1.The flu is believed _ by viruses that like to reproduce in the cells inside the human nose and throat.A.causing B.being caused C.to be caused D.to have been caused 2.There is a new problem involved in the popularity of private cars road conditions need A.that.to be improved B.which.to be improved C.where.to be improving D.when.improving 3.Remember _ the magazine when you have finished reading it.A.putting back B.having put back C.to put back D.will put back 4.Im sorry I forgot _ your dictionary.Lets use Li Huas.A.to take B.taking C.to bring D.bringing 5.At the moment,Jason is considering next.A.to do what B.what to do C.doing what D.what doing 6.I first considered _ to him,but then I decided him.A.writing.phoning B.to write.to phone C.writing.to phone D.to write.phoning 7.Tom is always forgetting things he has done.Yesterday,he forgot and looked for it everywhere.A.to post the letter B.to have the letter posted C.to having posted the letter D.having posted the letter 8.You didnt hear us come in last night.We tried noisy.A.to be not B.not to be C.not being D.being not 9.My brother regretted _ a lecture given by Prof.Wang.A.missing B.to miss C.missed D.being missing 10.I regret _ you that we are unable to offer you a job.A.informing B.having informed C.to inform D.to informing 11.He felt tired with typing the lecture.So he stopped a short break.A.having B.to have C.taking D.to taking 12.In order to gain a bigger share in the international market,many state-run companies are striving their products more competitive.A.to make B.making C.to have made D.having made 13.She had no choice but in the corner of the room.A.to sit.wept B.to sit.weeping C.sit.wept D.sat.weeping 14.You have come just in time to help us.Fine.What needs _?A.I do B.done C.to be done D.to do 15.That evening,he set about _ the report _ the next morning.A.write.to hand in B.to write.handing in C.written.to hand in D.writing.to be handed in 16.There seemed nothing _ to do but _ for the doctor.A.leave.send B.left.to send C.left.send D.leaving.send 17.Do you think it difficult _ a dolphin _?A.to train.jumping B.training.for jumping C.to train.jump D.to train.to jump 18.I prefer _ rather than _.A.to do some reading.watching TV B.doing some reading.watching TV C.to do some reading.watch TV D.doing some reading.to watch TV 19.The two boys pretended _ very hard,though they did nothing.A.study B.studying C.to be studied D.to be studying Keys:1-5 CACCB 6-10 CDBAC 11-15 BAB CD 16-19CDCD iii.不定式作宾语补足语1.常见的以不定式作宾语补语的动词及短语有 ask，allow，advise，beg，call on，expect，force,forbid,invite,teach,would like,depend on.wait for 等。2.以省略 to 的不定式作补语的感官动词有：feel（一 感），listen to，hear(二听）；have，let，make(三 使”）；look at，see，watch，observe，notice（五看）。但这些感官动词若在被动语态的句子中，动词不定式则必须带 to，let除外。专项练习1.An army spokesman stressed that all the soldiers had been ordered clear warnings before firing any shots.A.to issue B.being issued C.to have issued D.to be issued 2.The girl is often listened to songs in the next room.A.practice to sing B.practice singing C.to practice to sing D.to practice singing 3.What can we do to help Li Ming?All we can do is to try that he should study even harder.A.making him to realize B.making him realize C.to make him realize D.to make him to realize 4.Soon they saw the two strangers in the crowd.A.disappear B.to disappear C.disappearing D.disappeared 5.Professor Smith has his students compositions every Friday.A.to write B.written C.write D.writing 6.The boys were seen model ships in the room when someone rang the bell.A.made B.to make C.making D.to be making 7.I heard the guide so.A.says B.saying C.say D.said 8.Mr.Brown was made his teaching because of his poor health.A.give up B.giving up C.to give up D.to giving up 9.Shall we go and listen to the reviewers on the new book?A.to comment B.comment C.to commenting D.being commented 10.Mrs.White made her pupils the text every day.A.recite B.recited C.reciting D.to recite 11.The student asked the teacher.A.repeat the question again B.repeating the question C.to repeating the question D.to repeat the question 12.The museum is said in a big fire five years ago.A.to be destroyed B.to have been destroyed C.to be destroying D.to have been destroying 13.Jane wishes us with her.A.to go along B.going along C.went along D.will go along 14.My motor-cycle has broken down.Would you help me?A.to get it to start B.get it start C.to get it started D.getting it started 15.The boss ordered the hall.A.to sweep B.to be swept C.should sweep D.being swept Keys:1-5 ADC AC 6-10 CCCBA 11-15 DBACB iv.不定式作定语 1.不定式与所修饰的名词构成动宾关系，不定式后接的若是不及物动词，应 在动词后加上合适的介词。2.数词和最高级后常接不定式，如 the first，the second，the last，the best 等。3.有些名词后常接不定式，如 time，way，right，chance，reason 等。专项练习 1.Id like to buy a car made in Shanghai.Okay,Sir.You have several models.A.to choose B.to be chosen from C.to choose from D.for choosing 2.Its time _ rice.A.for transplant B.of transplanting C.to transplant D.to transplanting 3.It is a very difficult problem.I need a few days.A.of thinking over it B.to think it over C.of thinking it over D.to think over it 4.People need homes _ and food _.A.to live.to eat B.to live in.to eat C.live.to eat D.to live in.to eat for 5.Columbus was the first _ the New Continent.A.to have discovered B.to discover C.discovering D.having discovered Keys:1-5 CCBBB v.不定式作状语1.不定式作状语主要表目的、结果和原因。2.常用的表示目的短语有：to do，in order to do，so as to do，（so as to 不能放在句首）。不定式作目的状语，其否定式必须用 in order not to 或 so as not to;不能只用 not to do。3.常用 too to，enough to，only to，so+形容词副词+as to，such a+名词+as to 等结构表示结果。4.常用表示情绪的动词 surprised，joy，glad，pleased 等后接不定式表示原因。常用独立成分，作插入语，表示说话人的态度，如 to tell you the truth，to be exaot，to be sure,to be frank(with you),to be honest,to cut a long story short,to start with,to begin with,to say nothing,to be brief 等。专项练习 1.The flat is much too small.A.for the family to live B.for the family to live in C.that the family cant live in D.that the family cant live 2.The teacher didnt speak clearly enough.A.so everyone to understand B.for every one understood C.for everyone to understand D.for understanding 3.Do you think Julia is easy?A.to get along with B.to get along C.to be got along with D.to getting along with 4.Prof.Bushs talk in English was easy.A.for us in following B.for us to be followed C.to be followed D.for us to follow 5.The water-melon juice is nice.A.to drink it B.to be drunk C.to drink D.to be drinking 6.The patients were waiting the doctor.A.to see B.for to see C.for seeing D.seeing 7._,I dont want to argue with them about the matter.A.To tell you the truth B.Telling the truth C.Having told you the truth D.Out of the truth 8.The soldier spoke to the boy kindly him.A.to not frighten B.so as not to frighten C.in order to not frighten D.for not frightening 9.Would you be good enough to the bus station?A.showing me the way B.as to show me the way C.to show me the way D.so you can show me the way 10.Tom was so careless his car unlocked.A.to leave B.that he leaves C.as to leave D.leaving Keys:1-5 BCADC 6-10 AABCC vi.不定式的时态与语态意义 1.不定式的时态意义 1)一般式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作同时发生或是在其后发生。2)进行式：不定式的动作与谓语动词的动作是同时的，而且正在进行。3)完成式：不定式的动作先于谓语动词的动作。a.happen,seem,be reported,be said,be likely 等动词的复合谓语中，多使用完 成式。b.在“be+形容词”结构后使用完成式。c.完成式用在某些动词后，如 pretend，intend，expect，mean，hope，wish，think，was，were，want，would like 等表示过去未实现的愿望、期待或计划。2.不定式的语态意义 1)当不定式的逻辑主语是动作的承受者时，不定式用被动语态。2)be+easy/difficult/fit/hard 结构中，不定式的主动语态表被动意义。3)there be 结构中不定式多用主动语态表被动意义，也可用被动语态来表示。4)当不定式在句子中没有逻辑主语时，不定式最好用被动语态。专项练习 1.Do let your mother know all the truth.She appears everything.A.to tell B.to be told C.to be telling D.to have been told 2.Robert is said abroad,but I dont know what country he studied in.A.to have studied B.to study C.to be studying D.to have been studying 3.One of the salesman in this shop is.A.saying to have been fired B.said to have been fired C.saying to have fired D.said do have fired 4.Mr.Brown is said for Italy last week.A.to have left B.to have C.to be leaving D.to have been left 5.He claimed in the supermarket when he was doing shopping yesterday.A.being badly treated B.to be treated badly C.treating badly D.to have been treated badly Keys:1-5 DDBAD vii.省去 to 的动词不定式1.并列不定式 to 只用于第一个动词之前，后面不定式的 to 要省略。2.在 had better,would rather,would rather than,rather than,would sooner,would sooner than,cannot but,cannot help but,do nothing but,mi ght as well,do nothing besides,do nothing than(except，save)等结构后的动词不定式要省略to。3.在（一“感）feel，（二“听”）hear，listen to，（三“使”）have，let，make，（五 看）look at，see，watch，notice，observe 后以不定式作宾补时要省略 to;但这些动词用在被动语态的句子中时，则不能省略 to。4.当动词 help 意为“帮忙”时，其后的动词不定式可省略也可不省略 to；在 can t help 意为“不由自主”时，后需接动名词形式；在 cannot help but 意为“不得不”时，后需接省略 to 的动词不定式。5.rather than，sooner than 位于句首时，其后的不定式省略 to。6.主语是 all，what 引导的从句，或者主语受 only，the first，one，least 或最高级修饰，且从句或短语中有 do 时，作表语的不定式一般省略 to。7.在以 why 引导的疑问句中不用 to。专项练习 1.Id rather lose the game.A.not to hurt him B.not hurt him C.than to hurt him D.than hurt him 2.Has he any other choice but as you have told him?A.to do B.do C.doing D.hell do 3.Tom did nothing else but back all he owned.A.taken B.took C.taking D.take 4.All the people in the hall couldnt but,hearing such an absurd story.A.to laugh B.laugh C.laughing D.to laughing 5.You should have thanked her before you left.I meant,but when I was leaving I couldnt find her anywhere.A.to do B.to C.doing D.doing so Keys:1-5 DADB B