高考英语考点精析复习讲义名词.pdf
高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 1 页 共 17 页 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)编辑整理:尊敬的读者朋友们:这里是精品文档编辑中心,本文档内容是由我和我的同事精心编辑整理后发布的,发布之前我们对文中内容进行仔细校对,但是难免会有疏漏的地方,但是任然希望(高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改))的内容能够给您的工作和学习带来便利。同时也真诚的希望收到您的建议和反馈,这将是我们进步的源泉,前进的动力。本文可编辑可修改,如果觉得对您有帮助请收藏以便随时查阅,最后祝您生活愉快 业绩进步,以下为高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)的全部内容。高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 2 页 共 17 页 第一讲 名 词 典型例题 纵观近几年全国、上海、北京等地的高考试题,对名词的考查往往涉及名词作定语(如:He dropped the coffee cup and broke it。),抽 象 名 词 具 体 化(如:WhataPleasantsurprisehegaveus!),区分可数名词和不可数名词,根据句意选择适当的名词,某个名词在不同场合下的具体意义和一些名词构成的固定搭配。一般来说名词主要考查:1 可数名词复数构成的规则及不规则变化。2 可数名词和不可数名词的判断与用法对比.3 名词的所有格,包括 s 所有格,of 所有格和双重所有格的用法。4 名词作定语和名词构成的习语及用法等。5 名词的词义辨析.应试同分瓶颈 纵观历年来高考对名词的考查,主要体现为一个“活 字。因此要求考生平时加强关于名词基础知识的学习,如:名词的数、名词的所有格、主谓一致及一些有关名词的固定搭配。通过对比、归纳、总结等方法,记忆、理解部分知识,并将名词常考知识点梳理清楚。另外在做题时灵活使用所学的基础知识,把握重点、难点,认真审题,依据具体的语境进行分析判断。近几年的高考题对名词的考查一般集中在名词的辨析上.所以在学习中要注意名词在特定语境中的正确使用和细微差别,另外还要注意名词和动词的搭配用法。抽象名词的具体化也应该引起重视。surprise 不可数表示“惊奇”,可数为“令人惊奇的事情”;shame 不可数为“羞愧,可数为“令人羞愧的事,除此之外还有:honour,failure,success,pleasure,pity等。命题点 1 名词的数 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 3 页 共 17 页 命题点 2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 命题点 1 名词的数 本类考题解答锦囊 名词有数的区分。在英语中名词分为可数名词和不可数名词。可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式.有些名词既可以是可数名词,也可以是不可数名词,但所表达的意义不同。我们在应试时要考虑以下几点:1 名词的可数性及其易错点。一般 来说,个体名词和大部分集合名词是可数的,而专有名词、物质名词、抽象名词以及小部分集合名词则通常是不可数的。但是这种区分只是大致的,并不是绝对的。英语中有些名词往往既可以是可数的也可以是不可数的。A:Would you like a cake?要吃块蛋糕吗?B:NO,I dont like cake。不吃,我不喜欢吃蛋糕。以上第一句用 a cake,这是把 cake 视为一块一块的“蛋糕”,所以它是可数的;而第二句只用 cake,这是把它当作物质名词看待,所以它成了不可数名词.抽象名词是表示事物性质、行为、状态、感情等抽象概念的,因此它通常是不可数的。但是,有时抽象名词也可转化为具体名词(可数),表示具有某种性质的人或事物:Success 成功(不可数)a success 成功的人或事(可数);pleasure 愉快(不可数)a pleasure 令人愉快的人或事(可数)。2 可数与不可数名词的常用修饰语。(1)修饰可数名词的常用修饰语有 these,those,few,a few,many,agood(great)many,a great(good)number of 等.(2)修饰不可数名词的常用修饰语有 this,that,little,a little,a bit of,much,a great deal of,a large amount of 等。高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 4 页 共 17 页 高考最新热门题 1.(典型例题 The young dancers looked so charming in their beautiful clothes that we took_pictures of them。A.many of B。masses of C.the number of D。a large amount of 命题目的与解题技巧:此题考查表示“许多 的名词修饰语。【解 析】many,masses of,a number of,a large amount of 都可以表示“许多的”“大量的。其中,many,a number of 修饰可数名词复数;a large amount of 修饰不可数名词;masses of 可用于可数、不可数名词前。A项多一个 of;C 项 the number of 指“的数量”,与题意不符;D项不能修饰复数名词 pictures.【答 案】B 2.(典型例题)If you buy more than ten,they knock 20 pence off_.A.a price B.price C。the price D。prices 答案:C 指导:本句译文为:如果你买 10 个以上,它们的价格可以便宜 20 便士,本题测试名词和冠词的用法.3.(典型例题)Brad was Jane s brother!-_he reminded me so much of Jane!A.No doubt B.Above all C。No wonder D.Of course 答案:C 指导:选项 A的意思是:毫无疑问,表示肯定;B 的意思是:首先,最重要的是,表示重要性;C 的意思是:难怪,表示恍然大悟;D的意思是:当然,当然可以,表示同意.根据上下句的意思,答案选 C,表示对原来某现象突然弄明白了。4。(典型例题)Chinese arts have won the_of a lot of people outside China.A。enjoyment B.appreciation 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 5 页 共 17 页 C。entertainment D.reputation 答案:B 指导:enjoyment:满意,快乐;appreciation:欣赏、赏识;entertainment:娱乐;reputation:名声。根据句子意思,答案应该选 B,意思为:中国艺术享誉海外。5.(典型例题)In dealing with public relations,we should make every effort to prevent the_in personality。A.contact B。contrast C。connection D。conflict 答案:D 指导:本题考查词义的区别。contact:接触,contrast:对比,connection:联系,conflict;冲突。句子的意为:在处理公共关系时,我们 应努力防止人格冲突。题点经典类型题 1。(典型例题拟 My _of this weekend s activity is going out with some good friends.A.idea B.opinion C.mind D.thought【解 析】idea:主意,打算,构思,opinion:观点,mind:头脑,thought:思考,想法.2。(典型例题)The head office of the bank is in Beijing but it has all over the country。A。companies B。branches C。organizations D。businesses 答案:B 指导:branch 这里是分支,分行的意思,“说银行的总部在北京,但是这在全国各地均有分行。A 项“公司”C 项“组织”和 D项“商业”的不合题意。3.(典 型 例 题)I am sure David will be able to find the library he has a pretty good_of direction.A.idea B。feeling C.experience D。sense 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 6 页 共 17 页 答案:D 指导:have sense of”有的感觉(能力)”。4.(典型例题拟)Bill was doing a lot of physical exercise to build up his_。A。ability B.force C.strength D。mind 答案:C 指导:ablity 侧重指“能力”;force 侧重指“打击力,爆炸力,武力”,strength侧重体力;mind 指“脑力,智力”。显然,C 项与前面的 physical,exelcise 最为搭配。新高考命题探究 1。-Do you think she s going to leave?_The had crossed my mind。A。matter B.hope C.desire D。thought 答案:D 指导:据句意应为“这个想法在我脑子里很久”。只有 D,thonght 为想法,主意,其它意思不对。2。She is in a poor_ of health,which worries her mother much。A.position B.situation C.state D.condition 答案:C 指导:据题意 in a state 为状态,指身体状态。3.How did you like the_of the interpreter(口译员)at the Chinese FM press conference of 6 party talks on TV?A.performance B.achievement C。material D。words 答案:A 指导:据意:你认为口译员的表现如何?只有 A项是表现的意思。4.Mr。Barrette doesn t think that all bad language should be allowed。In his opinion,there are_that should be kept up.高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 7 页 共 17 页 A。degrees B。levels C。limits D.standards 答案:D 指导:根据题意:在他看来,应该有标准。A项是程度,B 项是水平,C 项为限制,D为标准。命题点 2 名词的所有格及名词作定语 本类考题解答锦囊 英语名词的所有格表示所属关系,它分 s 所有格和 of 所有格两种形式.名词还可以作另外一个名词的定语。在做此类题时要注意以下几点:1所有格的含义(1)表示所属:Toms car 汤姆的小车(2)表示类别:a womens c0llege 女子学院(3)表示动作的执行者或承受者:The teacher s praise 老师的表扬 childrens education 儿童教育 2双重所有格 双重所有格构成有(1)名词+of+名词所有格。如:A friend。of my fathers(2)名词+of+名词性物主代词。如:some friends of mine.它表示部分概念,。of 短语修饰的名词前通常有表示数词的限定词 a,an,one,two,some,several,a few,many,any,no等。如:Some friends of my brother s will come to ioinus 我哥哥的几个朋友将和我们一起去 3名词作定语 一个名词作另外一个名词的定语,如 a coffee cup(不能说 a coffee s cup),a shoe shop(不可说 a shoe s shop 或 a shoes shop)高考最新热门题 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 8 页 共 17 页 1.(典型例题)The village is far away from here indeed。It s_walk.A.a four hour B。a four hours C。a four hours D.a four hours 命题目的与解题技巧:该题考查名词所有格作定语。【解 析】冠词、数词、量词和连用有两种形式:一种是:a+数词+量词的名词所有格+名词,如果数词大于“1”,量词要用复数形式。如 a four miles journey:另一种是:a four mile。所以答案为 D.【答 案】D 2。(典型例题季卷)It took us quite a long time to get there,It was_ journey。A。three-hour B.a three hour C。a three hour D。three hours 答案:C 指导:joumey 为可数名词。复合形容词的构成中 hour 应为单数形式,所以选 C 同义词组还有 threehours 的表示方法。注意这种合成形容词 只作主语.3。(典型例题)The_ is just around the corner and you wont miss it.A.bicycle s shop B.bicycle shop C。bicycles shop D。bicycles shop 答案:B 指导:本题考查名词作定语。本句的意思是“自行车商店在拐弯处。自行车商店应该是 B。4。(典型例题)The little girl asked her mother to buy her a nice pair of_,so her mother went to some _stores。A.shoes;shoes B。shoes;shoe C。shoe;shoes D。shoe;shoe 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 9 页 共 17 页 答案:B 指导:由于受 some 的影响,容易误选 A.本题主要考查名词作定语的用法。名词作定语需用单数形式。如:radio programs 电台节目,computer shops 电脑店,girl friedns 女朋友。题点经典类型题 1.(典型例题测)If you are not yet_,you are forbidden to visit this site.A.eighteen years B。at age of eighteen C.eighteen-year old D。eighteen years of age 命题目的与解题技巧:本题考查名词作主语。【解 析】注意年龄的几种表示:at the age of eighteen,eighteen years old,eighteen years of age,而 eighteen year old 为合成定语形容词。【答 案】D 2.(典型例题测)His behavior at the party last night seemed rather_.Many of us were quite surprised.A.out of practice B。out of place C.out of politeness D.out of pity 答案:B 指导:outofplace 未在应该的位置,不适当:out of prac rice(变得)荒疏:outof pity 出于同情;outofpoliteness 出于礼貌。3(典型例题评)Peasants earn their living by selling agriculture_in China。A。cost B.food C.products D.production 答案:C 指导:卖农产品 4。(典型例题中)Is there a _for rising prices?A.way B.cure C。medicine D.method 答案:B 指导:acureforrisingprice 克服物价上涨的对策。高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 10 页 共 17 页 5.(典型例题联)Life is tough in the city.In order to lose their_,some people drink alcohol。A。temper B.mood C.pressures D。consciousness 答案:C 指导:人们喝酒是为了排解心中的压力。新高考命题探究 1。Its bad for a man to smoke in the public places where smoking is not allowed.A。behavior B。action C.manner D.movement 答案:A 指导:在公共场所吸烟是不良行为习惯.C 项 manner 如表礼貌应为 manners 2.The Chinese are looking forward to the first _to land on the moon after Yang Liweis successful trip to space。A。measure B。attempt C.purpose D.desire 答案:B 指导:据题意:中国人一直盼望第一次登月的尝试。B 项为试图,尝试.3.He had a good _of the examination result when he saw his daughters face。A。report B.thought C。idea D。news 答案:C 指导:当他看到女儿的脸,他就清楚了考试结果,只有 C 符 合题意.4。The headmaster has got a good education_ so the school is doing well.A。thought B。thinking C。idea D.sense 答案:D 指导:关于教育的感觉(敏感性)。探究性命题综合测试 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 11 页 共 17 页 考场热身 1。What do you thind of the TV play”The Meteor Garden”?-I take no interest in it。One of the reasons in that such a life is out of our_.A.mind B.point C.reach D.sight 答案:C 指导:out ofonesmind 意思是:忘记,想不起,精神错乱;out of one s point无此搭配;out of one s reach 表示:无法达到的,力所不能及的,无法理解的;out of(ones)sight 意为:看不见,在视野之外。2.-Who did you spend ast weekend with?-_。A。Palmers B。The Palmer C.The Palmers D.The Palmer 答案:C 指导:回答上文的 who,所以不用所有格形式。The Palmers 是 the 加姓氏的复数形式,表示该姓氏全家或夫妇俩。3.lf you don t take away all your things from the desk,there wont be enough _for my stationery.A.area B。place C.room D.surface 答案:C 指导:room 此处是不可数名词“空间”,area 区域,place 可数名词,地点,surface表面。4.One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a highrise is that you can get a good A.sight B.scene C。view D。look 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 12 页 共 17 页 答案:C 指导:“住在高楼的顶层的好处之一是能看到好景致。5.We all know that_speak louder than words。A。movements B.performances C。operations D.actions 答案:D 指导:此句含义“行动胜于雄辩”是俗语,actions 行为,movements 运动,performances表演,operations 操作。6。I m sorry I hurt your feelings;it wasnt my_.A。idea B。thought C。mind D.intention 答案:D 指导:idea 想法,主意;thought 思想,思考;mind 头脑,意思;intention 有意,蓄意。根据语境“伤害你的感情不是出于我的本意”,得知答案为 D.7.-Carry your_ with you,your money,jewelry,camera and so on。-OK。Thank you for reminding me。A。valuables B。suitcases C.gifts D.bags 答案:A 指导:valuable 作名词时,常用作复数,尤指小但很值钱的东西(如黄金、宝石等贵重物品)。8.If the boss wants to fire me,he has to give me two months_ A。information B.advice C。message D.notice 答案:D 指导:notice 意为“(终止协议等的)预选通知(如离职、停租等)”命题点 2 名词 本类考题解答锦囊 1 分清可数名词和不可数名词,可数名词有单复数形式,不可数名词没有复数形式。高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 13 页 共 17 页 2 熟记 可数名词的复数形式及常用的不可数名词。3 注意可数名词在句中的用法,要么在其前加 a、an 或 the,要么用它的复数形式。4 不能混淆修饰可数名词的词与修饰不可数名词的词。(只能修饰可数名词的有 few,a few,many,unmber of;只能修饰不可数名词的有 little,a li ttle,much,an amount of,a great deal of;二者都可修饰的有 plent of,a lot of,lots of,aquantity of,quantities of,masses of 等)5 注意固定搭配中单复数形式。6并列结构中单、复数应一致。高考最新热门题 1.Sometimes we talk to each other very well in class,but atter class we become stranger at once.命题目的与解题技巧:此题考查名词的基本用法。要求分清名词的单复数。在做涉及名词的考题中,要注意名词的可数性与不可数性,名词的所有格+r 生质名词和抽象名词的具体化,名词词义的辨析和习性搭配和名词在句子中所做的成分,特别是作定语的用法.【答案】stranger strangers.该句主语为 we,其表语要用复数形式。2。You can find all kinds of information in just a few minute on the Intemet。答案:minute minutes afew 后接复数名词.3.But when I saw your wife and children waiting for me with warm smile of welcome on their faces.I immediately knew that everything could be all right.答案:smile smiles smile 是可数名词,这里要用复数形式。题点经典类型题 1.(典型例题)For Americans,distance in a social convensation is about an arms long to front feet。高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 14 页 共 17 页【答案】long length。根据前面的 an arms 可知,所有格之后必须用名词形式。2。(典型例题考)I am afraid of making hew friend.答案:friend friends make friends 固定用法,交朋友。3.(典型例题)Thout may last only a few minutes on even second。答案:seeoul sewnds afew 修饰可数名词复数。新高考命题探究 1。名词(1)Papers catches fire easily.答案:papers 改为 paper paper 表示“纸”时为不可数名词,无复数形式。(2)Her new novel is great success。答案:is 后加 a 或 is 后加 of asuccess 指一个成功的人或一件成的事;of success successful(3)The news is of great important。答案:important 改为 importance of importance important(4)What fine day we have today!答案:What后加 afday 是可数名词;可以说 What fine weather What+adj+可数名词单数;What+adj+不可数名词可数名词复数。(5)I forgot all of the rooms numbers.答案:rooms改为 room名词作定语。(6)These children had great funs in the park。答案:funs 改为 fun fun 是不可数名词,无复数形式.(7)In the past,the poors often went hungry。答案:poors 改为 poor poor 为形容词,the+形容词,指一类人;the poor 指穷人们。高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 15 页 共 17 页(8)Look!Two Germen are coming this way.答案:Germen改为 Germans名词复数错误。(9)Put on more clothing,or you ll catch a cold。答案:clothing 改为 clothes clothing 指衣服的总称;具体的衣服用 clothes(10)This is the steel work where my father works。答案:work 改为 works works 复数形式,表示工厂.(11)Dont make any voice.Yo ur father is sleeping。答案:voice 改为 noise voice 指人的嗓音;noise 指噪音.(12)It s not my book.Maybe it s somebody else。答案:else 改为 elses根据句意,应用所有格。(13)The man has been hunting for a work for a long time.答案:work 改为 job a job,一份工作;work 表示工作时是不可数名词。(14)In our sch ool,there are eighty woman teachers in all。答案:woman改为 women 一般情况下,名词作定语时,用单数形式;但 man 和 woman若修饰复数名词,用复数形式。(15)The Sm ith will make a trip to China during the coming spring。答案:Smith 改为 Smiths 定冠词加姓氏的复数指一家人。(16)The patient has stayed in the hospital for one and a half month.答案:month 改为 months one and a half 后的名词用复数。(17)The couple wanted to buy some furnitures for their new house。答案:furnitures 改为 furniture furniture 是不可数名词。(18)The young should make rooms for the old in the crowded bus.答案:rooms 改为 r0 典型例题 m在表示空间、地方的时候是不可数名词。高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 16 页 共 17 页(19)One of the first thing Bill did was to teach us how to play basketball.答案:thing 改为 things one of 后的名词或代词一定是复数 形式.(20)I asked the salesman for some changes.But he bad only a large note.答案:changes 改为 change change 表示“零钱”时是不可数名词.2.名词性从句(1)I wonder how these shoes cost。答案:how 改为 how much how much 多少(钱)。(2)We all agree with him on that he said.答案:that 改为 what what 引导宾语从句,what 作 said 的宾语。(3)The problem is we are short of money。答案:is 后加 that that 引导表语从句,that 不可省略。(4)Things are not that they seemed to be.答案:that 改为 what what 引导表语从句,在从句中,what 作表语。(5)It worried her a bit for her hair was turning grey.答案:for 改为 that It 在句中作形式主语;that 引导主语从句。(6)She said she will stay here for another week.答案:will 改为 would 主句谓语动词用过去时态,其后宾语从句也应相应的过去时态。(7)The fact he was seriously iii worried them。答案:fact 后加 that that 引导同位语从句时,不可省略。(8)Who leaves the room last ought to turn off the light.答案:who 改为 Whoever.whoever 不管是谁,引导主语从句。(9)The reason why we were late was because we missed the bus。答案:because 改为 that reason 作主语,其后表语从句用 that 引导,而不用 because 高考英语考点精析复习讲义-名词(word 版可编辑修改)第 17 页 共 17 页(10)I m not sure how I could have done with it。答案:how 改为 what what 引导宾语从句;do with,do 为及物动词,what 作 do 的宾语。