2023年中考英语第二轮语法复习：动词和动词短语.pdf

专题动词和动词短语复习目标：动词分类二.动词辨析(感官动词辨析和实义动词辨析)三.动词短语考点讲解一.命题点L动词分类(必考:每年25道;单选、完形，词语运用)概念:动词是表示人或事物动作或状态的词。L实义动词(必考)及物动词和不及物动词。(辨析类试题为主)2.系 动词:be,感 官动间(taste,smell,feel,sound,look)(20K6.34,2014.35)等3.助动词:do,does,did,have,has 等4.情态动词:can,may,must,need等(详见下一专题)巩固练习词汇运用1.Dont be afraid of (fail),because it makes us grow.2.The Jiaozi Road is closed today because workers are(make)some repairs.3.1 must return the camera to Li Lei.I h a v e(k e e p)it for twoweeks.4.Can y o u(s e e)the new build?It was buil last year.二.命题点2：动词辨析(感官动词辨析和实义动词辨析)考向一：感官动词辨析河北中考近6年考查了 2次感官动词辨析，均在单项选择中考查smell的用法。初中常见的感官动词还有sound(s),feel(s),taste(s),look(s)o解答此类试题的关键是剖析题干中的搭配词及语境.词汇含义常用搭配smell(2016.34,2014.35)闻起来(嗅觉)smell nice/sweetfeel摸 起 来（触觉）feelsoft/smooth/comfortablesound听 起 来（听觉）sound wonderful/greatlook看 起 来（视觉）look pretty/beautiful/tired/energetictaste尝 起 来（味觉）tastedelicious/nice/salty/sweet巩固练习单项选择1.（2016 河北 34 题）The air fresh after the rain.And the sky isblue.A.feels B.tastes C.smells D.sounds2.（2014 河北 35 题）Mom is making dinner.It so nice!A.smells B.tastes C.feels D.sounds3.The cake delicious.Kd like to have another one.A.tastes B.looks C.sounds D.feels4.TFBOYSs songs sweet and many of us like lislening to them.A.sound B.feel C.taste D.look5.This dress is made of silk.lt comfortable.A.looks B.smells C.feels D.sounds考向二：实义动词辨析L 实义动词辨析（6 年 15考）解答实义动词词义辨析类试题时，首先要分析各个选项的词义，然后分析语境，找出关键词，或者根据前后文语境的逻辑关系来确定正确答案。彳 列 You have chemistry for the coming exam.Take it easy.A.repeated B.copied C.marked eviewed【方法点拨】第步：确定四个选项的含义：重复；复制，抄袭;标志；复习；第步：根据句中的Take it easy.并结合语境可知此处指已经复习了化学。故 选 D。2.词义相对类辨析(6 年 4 考)词义相对类辨，选项的设置有两种；一组词义相对类单词加两个干扰项；两组词义相对类单词。针对此类题目，要求考生熟知动词的基本词义，并知晓各词的用法。根据语境找出关键信息是解答此类试题的关键。例 Your mothers birthday is coming.Dont to bring a gift for her.A.begin B.remember C.end D.forget【方法点拨】第步：确定四个选项的含义：开始；记得；结束;忘记；第步：根据题干中的is coming并结合语境可知此处指不要忘记带礼物。故 选 D。以下为几组常见的词义相对类动词：buy 买一sell 卖(2014.49)forget 忘记-remember 记住(2017.45)save 节约一waste 浪费(2016.44)have 拥有一lose 失 去(2017.37)win 赢-fail 输like 喜欢-hate/dislike 讨厌a sk 询问-reply回复/answer回答begin/start 开始-end 结束borrow 借入一lend借出bring 带来-take 带走come 来-go 去continue 继续-stop 停止doubt 怀疑-believe 相信fin d 找到-lo se丢失巩固练习单项选择6.1 am afraid we cannot to take a taxi.Lets go by undergroundinstead.A.refuse B.afford C.forget D.fall7.Tony and I want to the new Italian restaurant tonight.Comewith us!A.try B.taste C.choose D.search8.He can somebody else what hes learnt.It shows hesunderstood it well.A.Post B.lend C.teach D.miss9.Hawking had a strong will.His serious illness never him fromliving a meaningful life.A.asked B.protected C.saved D.stopped10.She was an e-mail from her friend the whole morning,but itdidnt come.A.explaining B.expressing C.experiencing D.expecting三命题点3动词短语(必考：每年12道；单选、完形，词语运用)分析河北近6年中考真题可知，对于动词短语的考查主要涉及3种形式：同一动词型(3次)；同一介词/副词型(3次)；混合 型(5次)。同一动词型和同一介词或副词型均在单项选择中考查；而混合型主要在完形填空中考查。在词语运用题型中近6年分别以盲填和首字母的形式共考查了 4次动词短语的固定搭配：show sb.around(2019.73),think of(2019.80),stand up(2018.73),fall asleep(2015.78)0此类试题旨在通过微型语境考查考生对上下文的理解、动词短语不同搭配的识别、记忆及辨析动词短语含义并能恰当运用动词短语的能力。所以考生应对此类常见的动词短语牢记于心。彳 列 Would you please the light?I cant sleep well with it on.A.turn on B.turn off C.turn to D.turn around【方法点拨】第步：分析四个选项可知，此题考查 同一动词+不同介词的辨析。选项的含义分别是：打开；关闭；转向；转身；第 步：分析语境 请把灯 好吗？开着它我睡不好觉。”根据句中的关键信息Icant sleep well with it on.可知，此句要表达“关灯才能睡着”。故选 Bo考向一：同一动词型(2019.44.2017.29)（l）look 短语（2019、44;2017 29)look at 看look out 当心look through 浏览look up t o 钦佩;仰慕look after 照 顾（2019.44）look u p 查阅（字典）;抬头看（2）get 短 语（2014、36）get off 下 车（2014 36）get t o 到达get away 逃离get over 克服get on/along w ith 与 相处（3）put 短 语（2015、48）put aw ay把.收好put o ff推迟put dow n写下；放下（4）take 短语（2011、35）take o ff起飞;脱掉take u p 占据；从事take place 发生take care of 照顾take away from 从.拿走（5）turn 短 语（2010、35）look for 寻找（2017、29）look around环顾四周look forward to 期待look over仔细检查look lik e 看起来像get u p 起床get in 进入;到达;收获get back 回来get lost 迷路get ready for 为.做好准备put o n 穿上；上演;增加（体重）put o u t熄灭put u p 搭建;张贴;举起take after长得像take in 吸收;吸入take out of 取出take part in 参加turn on 打开 turn off 关掉turn u p 调高（音量）turn around转身turn dow n调低（音量）;拒绝巩固练习单项选择1.（2017 河北 29 Grandfather lives with us.We all him.A.look at B.look for C.look after D.look like2.（2014 河北 36 题）Steven,we should bus at the next stop.A.get up B.get off C.get to D.get in3.Sirjts a non-smoking area.Could you please your cigaretteright now?A.put out B.put away C.put down D.put back考向二：同一介词/副词型（201相01的 012012考）（l）for 短 语（2017、41；2015、35）wait for 等待care fo r照顾；喜欢pay for 支付（2015、35）thanks for 感谢stand for 代表（2）out 短 语（2016、39）look out 小心set o u t出发；开始go o u t出去hand o u t发放；分发run o u t用完；用尽hang out 闲逛take o u t拿出;取出work o u t成功地发展;解决（3）up短语call u p 打电话ask for 请 求（2017、41）look for 寻找prepare for 为.做准备leave fo r动身到.come o u t出来；出版cut o u t剪下;删去leave o u t忽略;轻视find out 查明;弄清（2016、39）point out 指出sell o u t卖完;售完bring o u t使显现add u p 加起来bring up 养育cheer u p 使振奋clean up 打扫clear u p 整理;转晴dress up 打扮get u p 起床cut u p 切碎eat u p 吃光end u p 结束;告终fix u p 安装;修理give u p 放弃grow u p 成长hang u p 挂起来look u p 查阅;查找make up组成;编造mix u p 混合pick u p 拾起;接（某人）put u p 张贴；搭建set u p 创建;创办show u p 出现;露面stand up 起立stay u p 熬夜tur u p 偶然出现;调高（音量）take u p 占据;从事（4）down 短 语（2012、39）cut dow n砍倒消U减knock down 撞倒let dow n使 失望turn dow n拒绝;调小write down 写下lie down 躺下put dow n放下;写下take dow n拆除；记下（5）about 短语care about关心;在乎hear about 听说know about 了解think about 考虑worry about 担心talk about 谈论巩固练习单项选择1.（2015 河北 35 题）This food is free.You dont have to_it.A.look for B.pay forC.ask for D.wait for2.（2016 河北 39 题）We need to do some research to theanswer.A.find out B.look out C.hand out D.take out3.The little boy on the street but he didn t cry.A.calmed down B.put down C.fell down D.looked down考向三：混合型（2019、31；2018、32；2016、42；2015、48;2014、52；2013 41/53;201053）巩固练习单项选择1.（2019 河北 31 题）On the first day of Chinese New year,wenew clothes and visit people.A.pick up B.put on C.take off D.throw away2.（2018 7可北 32 题）Can you help me the pen?lts under yourchair.A.ask for B.look for C.pick up D.put up3.Can I _ this pair of shoes?They look beautiful.A.try on B.talk with C.put on D.play with托展提升单 项 选 择1.（2020 原创）My c a r on my way home.Luckily,a passer-byhelped me.A.hung up B.broke down C.gave up D.put out2.（2020 原创）If all of us the plan,lets start it now.A.agree with B.connect with C.deal with D.part with3.（2020 原仓U）To our surprise,the government office building willbe a library.A.turned off B.turned on C.turned out D.turned into4.（2020 原仓U）the man over there.He is our math teacher.A.Look at B.Laugh at C.Point at D.Arrive at中考练兵单项选择1 .（2018 承德一模）The Reader is a good magazine.Lacy often itin her free time.A、looks B.sees C.reads D.watches2.（2018 石家庄桥西区一模）Could I your ruler,Li Ming?I leftmine at home.A.lendB.sellC.buy0.borrow3.（2018 石家庄 42 中一模）Checking your answers before handing inyour paper can help y o u mistakes.A.make B.forget C.avoid D.remember4.（2018 保定一模）This kind of car was in 1890.But it is stillpopular.A.discovered B.invented C.found D.created5.（2018 甘 B郸二模）The child doesnt need any help.He is old enoughto himself.A.have B.wear C.dress D.get6.（2019 保定市定兴县一模）!Or well miss the show ofQuyang Stone Carvings.A.Come on B.Come out C.Come in D.Come to7.（2019 石家庄 41 中二模）These puoblems are too hard toWill you give me some advice?A.look out B.work out C.hand out D.find out8.（2019 邯郸市成安县一模）BilL there are so many books on thefloor.y初中教学资料平台初中教师园地初中教师平台英语教学教研老师和学生英语学习的好帮手教材听力与海量英语资料平台100万初中教师的精神家园教学交流与精品备课资料平台初中教师成长的聚集地学生学习资料与家长交流平台