广东省2023届高三下学期一模试题、英语答案.pdf

2023年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试模拟测试（一）英语试题本试卷满分120分。考试用时120分钟。第二部分 阅 读（共两节，满分50分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。ACheck out whats coming soon,and whats in development.Playbill will updatethese listings when new information is made available.看看什么即将到来，什么正在开发中。当新信息可用时，Playb祖将更新这些列表。THE COLLABORATION at Samuel J.Friedman Theatre塞缪尔弗里德曼剧院的 合作The play tells a true story in New York.Fifty-six-year-old Warhol9s star is falling.Jean is the new wonder-kid taking the art world by storm.When Jean agrees to worktogether with Warhol on a new exhibition,it soon becomes the talk of the city.The twoartists set foot on a shared journey,both artistic and deeply personal,which redraws boththeir worlds.该剧讲述了一个发生在纽约的真实故事。5 6岁的沃霍尔的星光正在陨落。简是新的神童，在艺术界掀起了一场风暴。当琼同意与沃霍尔合作一个新的展览，它很快成为城市的话题。两位艺术家踏上了一段共同的旅程，既是艺术的，也是深刻的个人的，这重新描绘了他们的世界。ALMOST FAMOUS at Bernard B.Jacobs Theatre在伯纳德雅各布斯剧院的 成名之路/成名在望Based on the 2,000 film of the same name,the musical features Pulitzer winner Kittand a book by Crowe,who earned an Oscar award for penning the original film basedon his own teenage experience.The coming-of-age story tracks a 15-year-old music fannamed William who follows the emerging band Stillwater on tour.这部音乐剧改编自2000年的同名电影，主角是普利策奖得主凯特和克劳的一本书。克劳根据自己的青少年经历创作了这部电影，并因此获得了奥斯卡奖。这个成长故事讲述了一个名叫威廉的15岁乐迷跟随新兴乐队静水乐队（Stillwater）的巡演。THE PIANO LESSON at Ethel Barrymnore Theatre埃塞尔巴里摩尔剧院的 钢琴课The play is the fourth in Wilsons Century Cycle,which digs into the Black experience in every decade of the 20th century.Set in Pittsburghs Hill District in 1936,itcenters around a brother and a sister involved in a battle over a piano carved with thefaces of their ancestors.这部剧是威尔逊 世纪循环的第四部，它深入研究了 20世纪每十年的黑人经历。故 事 发 生 在 1936年的匹兹堡山区，一对兄妹为了一架雕刻着他们祖先面孔的钢琴而发生了争斗。KIMBERLY AKIMBO at Booth Theatre在布斯剧院演出的 金伯利阿金博Kim is a bright and funny high school girl,who happens to look like a 72-year-oldlady.And yet her aging disease may be the least of her problems.Forced to deal withfamily secrets,and possible crime charges,Kim is determined to explore happiness in aworld where not even time is on her side.金是一个聪明有趣的高中女孩，她看起来像一个7 2 岁的老太太。然而，衰老的疾病可能是她最微不足道的问题。被迫处理家庭秘密，和可能的犯罪指控，金决心探索幸福的世界，甚至没有时间站在她的一边。21.What kind of play is THE COLLABORATION?A.A romance.B.A sci-fi story.C.A fairy tale.D.A life story.22.Which theatre should you visit if you want to learn about racial issues?A.Samuel J.Friedman Theatre.B.Bernard B.Jacobs Theatre.C.Ethel Barrymore Theatre.D.Booth Theatre.23.What can you see in both ALMOST FAMOUS and KIMBERLY AKIMBO?A.Struggles against crime charges.B.Cutting-edge film technology.C.Award-winning performances.D.Teenagers9 growth experiences.【语篇解读】这是一篇应用文。文章介绍了四部即将上映的戏剧的故事内容。2 1【参考答案】D【试题分析】戏剧类型辨析。第一个戏剧讲述的是关于两位艺术家的真实故事。2 2【参考答案】C【试题分析】戏剧内容理解。第三个戏剧涉及黑人的历史。2 3【参考答案】D【试题分析】戏剧内容理解。第二个和第四个戏剧都涉及青少年的成长经历。BFor some people,October is October.On October 5,Katmai National Park and Preserve in southern Alaska kicked off Fat Bear Week,when fans compare before and afterphotos of bears to vote for the one they think has gained the most weight before they beddown for the long freezing winter.Bear 747,also known as“Bear Force One，took thefirst-place spot with 68,105 votes.It weighed around 1,400 pounds.对一些人来说，十月就是十月。10月 5 日，位于阿拉斯加南部的卡特迈国家公园和自然保护区开始了“胖熊周 活动，粉丝们会比较前后的熊照片，在它们睡下度过漫长寒冷的冬天之前，投票选出他们认为最胖的熊。“贝 尔 747”，也被称为“贝尔力一号”，以 68105票位居第一。它 重 约 1400磅。Fat Bear Week started in 2014.At first,it was just Fat Bear Tuesday.Mike Fitz,aformer park keeper at Katmai,noticed that live webcams showing the bears generated alot of online comments,so he let people vote fbr their favorite fat bear on the Internet.The one-day event attracted 1,700 votes.In 2015,it was extended to a week.Last year,nearly 800,000 people got involved,turning it into a global campaign.胖熊周始于2014年。一开始，这只是胖熊星期二。迈克 菲茨曾是卡特迈的一名公园管理员，他注意到网络摄像头对黑熊的直播会在网上引起很多评论，所以他让人们在网上为他们最喜欢的胖熊投票。为期一天的活动吸引了 1700张选票。2015年，延长至一周。去年，近 8 0 万人参与其中，使之成为一项全球活动。The contest serves two main purposes.First,some of Americas national parks arein remote and undeveloped areas,which are difficult or costly to reach.Fat Bear Weekbrings Alaskas wilderness to fans computer screens.Its not limited to the fortunatefew who can go to the river anymore/Titz said.这项竞赛有两个主要目的。首先，美国的一些国家公园位于偏远和未开发的地区，到达这些地区困难重重或成本高昂。“肥熊周”将阿拉斯加的荒野带到粉丝的电脑屏幕上。“它不再局限于少数能去河边的幸运儿。菲茨说。Second,Fat Bear Week brings attention to the bears and the ecosystems they live in.The 2,200 bears of Katmai are strong for feeding on some of the healthiest salmon（三文鱼）in the world,said Sara Wolman,a former park keeper.Salmon in the PacificNorthwest are suffering from overfishing,dam construction and warming rivers due toclimate change.Luckily,Brooks River,which Katmai9s bears like to fish in,has beenfree from these threats so far.其次，胖熊周让人们关注熊和它们生活的生态系统。卡特迈的2200只熊以世界上最健康的鞋鱼为食，前公园管理员萨拉 沃尔曼(Sara Wolman)说。太平洋西北部的鞋鱼正遭受过度捕捞、大坝建设和气候变化导致的河流变暖的影响。幸运的是，到目前为止，卡特迈熊喜欢在布鲁克斯河钓鱼的地方还没有受到这些威胁。Fat Bear Week has spread like viruses.Fans and creators say its because it showsa conservation success story.For one week,people dont have to focus on climatechange or habitat loss.Maybe things arent super great all the time in the world/9 saidFelicia Jimenez,who is a current Katmai keeper.But there are some really fat bears inAlaska.”胖熊周像病毒一样蔓延开来。粉丝和创作者说，这是因为它展示了一个保护成功的故事。这一周，人们不必关注气候变化或栖息地丧失。“也许世界上的事情并不总是那么好，”卡特迈的现任饲养员费莉西亚 希门尼斯(Felicia Jimenez)说。“但是阿拉斯加有一些非常胖的熊。”24.Why was Bear 747 the winner?A.It was the heaviest.C.It gained the most pounds.25.What is the purpose of paragraph 2?A.To praise Mike Fitz for his work.B.It was the most famous.D.It presented the best photos.B.To review the history of the event.C.To show the popularity of fat bears.D.To explain the role of live webcams.26.What can we leam about Katmais bears?A.They bring tourists to the park.C.They remain difficult to be seen.B.They have a stable food source.D.They face a population decline.27.Which can be the best title for the text?A.Fat Bear Week:Conservation Is JoyfulB.Brown Bears:Winter Survival Is CrucialC.Bear 747:A Fat Yet Healthy ChampionD.Katmai9s Bears:A Special Beauty Contest【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了美国阿拉斯加州举办的Fat BearWeek活动。2 4【参考答案】C【试题分析】细节理解。根据文章第一段的内容可知：Brown Bear 747赢得冠军是因为人们认为它在冬眠中增重最多。2 5【参考答案】B【试题分析】段落写作目的分析。第二段简述了这个活动的发展历程。2 6【参考答案】B【试题分析】细节理解。根据文章第四段的内容可知，棕熊喜欢吃三文鱼，当地Brooks River里的三文鱼未受到人类活动的威胁，棕熊的食物供应端稳定。2 7【参考答案】A【试题分析】归纳概括。选项A囊括了这则新闻叙述的主要活动和这个活动的意义。CA new study has found that a childs reading speed can be improved by simply increasing the space between letters within a piece of text.The research,led by Dr StevenStagg of Anglia Ruskin University(ARU),examined the benefits of letter spacingand coloured overlays(颜色标注)among children.一项新的研究发现，只要增加一篇文章中字母之间的间隔，就可以提高孩子的阅读速度。这项研究由安格利亚鲁斯金大学(ARU)的史蒂文 斯塔格博士领导，研究了字母间隔和颜色重叠对儿童的好处。Two groups of children,dyslexic(有阅读障碍的)and non-dyslexic children,were asked to read four texts with either standard or extra-large letter spacing,both withand without a coloured overlay.They were instructed to read the text out loud whilebeing recorded.The recording was used to measure the number of errors they made 一specifically missed words,added words,wrong words,and pronunciation 一 as well asthe participants9 reading time.The study discovered that text with increased space between letters provided a benefit for both groups.On average,the dyslexia group showeda 13%increase in reading speed,while the group of non-dyslexic children showed a 5%increase.In addition to improving reading speed,it also resulted in a significant declinein the number of words missed by the children with dyslexia.However,the study foundthat coloured overlays had no significant impact on reading speed or the reduction oferrors for either group.两组儿童，诵读困难儿童和非诵读困难儿童，被要求阅读四篇有标准或超大字母间距的文本，有或没有彩色覆盖。他们被要求在录音的同时大声朗读课文。这段录音被用来测量他们所犯错误的数量特别是漏读的单词、加的单词、错误的单词和发音以及参与者的阅读时间。研究发现，增大字母间距的文本对两组人都有好处。平均而言，阅读障碍组的阅读速度提高了 1 3%,而非阅读障碍组的阅读速度提高了 5%o除了提高阅读速度外，它还显著减少了患有阅读障碍的儿童遗漏的单词数量。然而，研究发现，彩色叠加对两组的阅读速度或错误减少都没有显著影响。Dr Stagg,Senior Lecturer in Psychology at ARU,saidLWe believe extra-large letterspacing works by reducing what is known as the crowding effect,which can hamperthe recognition of letters and reduce reading speed.阿鲁大学心理学高级讲师斯塔格博士说:“我们认为超大的字母间隔可以通过减少所谓的，拥挤效应 来发挥作用，这种效应会阻碍字母的识别，降低阅读速度。”“Our findings strongly suggest that teachers can be confident that all children wouldbe helped by increased letter spacing in reading materials.9,Dr Stagg added.While wefound that coloured overlays provided little benefit,we suggest children should be encouraged to use overlays if they find these help their reading.Coloured overlays maynot increase reading speeds,but they may extend reading stamina（持久力）.Previousresearch suggests their benefits may not become apparent if reading time is less than 10minutes and the short reading duration of the tests in our study may have put colouredoverlays at a disadvantage.“我们的研究结果有力地表明，教师可以相信，在阅读材料中增加字母间距对所有孩子都有帮助。”斯塔格博士补充道。“虽然我们发现彩色覆盖物几乎没有什么好处，但我们建议，如果孩子们发现这些覆盖物有助于阅读，就应该鼓励他们使用。“彩色叠加可能不会提高阅读速度，但可以延长阅读耐力。之前的研究表明，如果阅读时间少于1 0 分钟，它们的好处可能不会显现出来，而我们研究中测试的短阅读时间可能会使彩色覆盖处于不利地位。28.Which of the following best describes the research process in Paragraph 2?A.Illustrate,group and report.B.Read,instruct and measure.C.Question,assume and prove.D.Categorize,record and count.29.What can we learn about increased letter spacing from Paragraph 3?A.It reduces reading errors.B.It shaipens reading skills.C.It arouses reading interest.D.It enhances reading comprehension.30.What does the underlined word“hamper“in Paragraph 4 probably mean?A.Obtain.B.Prevent.C.Change.D.Involve.31.What can be inferred about coloured overlays from Paragraph 5?A.They might not have been evaluated fairly.B.They might not be recommended by experts.C.They might work better in short reading.D.They might have some disadvantages.【语篇解读】这是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一项提升儿童阅读速度的最新研究。2 8【参考答案】D【试题分析】归纳概括。根据文章第二段的内容可知：研究步骤包含把儿童分组,将他们的朗读录音，以及数他们朗读中的错误。2 9【参考答案】A【试题分析】细节理解。根据第三段的第三句内容可知，受试儿童不仅阅读速度加快了，而且朗读中的错误也减少了。3 0【参考答案】B【试题分析】词义推测。文章第四段是专家对实验现象背后的原因分析，拥挤效应会阻碍字母的识别。3 1【参考答案】A【试题分析】分析推断。根据文章最后一段的最后一句话可知，因为实验测试时间有限，对coloured overlays的效果的评估可能不充分。【语篇解读】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了全动态加密技术的研究进展和意义，以及全同态加密(FHE)与同态加密(HE)的主要区别。DLike any doctor,Jacques Fellay wants to give his patients the best care.Hiddeninside our bodies are genetic(基因的)markers that can tell him which patients couldprobably have diseases such as AIDS and provide early treatments.However,there areworries for Fellay:they contain sensitive details that could lead to embarrassment,discrimination or even worse.像任何医生一样，雅克 费莱希望给他的病人最好的护理。隐藏在我们体内的基因标记可以告诉他哪些病人可能患有艾滋病等疾病，并提供早期治疗。然而，费莱也有一些担忧:其中包含的敏感细节可能会导致尴尬、歧视甚至更糟。A new kind of encryption,fully homomorphic encryption(FH E)(全同态 力 口 密)，is making it possible fbr data users to run multiple operations on genetic data withoutseeing the contents.This can help end big datas privacy problem,and Fellays patientscan be some of the first to benefit.一种新的加密方法，完全同态加密(FHE)(全同态加密)，使数据用户可以在不看到内容的情况下对遗传数据进行多次操作。这可以帮助解决大数据的隐私问题,费莱的患者可能是第一批受益的人。In 1978,the concept of homomorphic encryption(HE)was firstly proposed.According to it,one could encrypt and share data with others,who could analyze and perform calculations on the data with no idea what it means.After getting the data back,thedata user could simply arrive at the result using the secret key and it will make totalsense.1978年，同态加密(HE)的概念首次被提出。根据它，一个人可以加密数据并与他人共享数据，其他人可以对数据进行分析和计算，而不知道它意味着什么。在获得数据之后，数据用户可以使用密钥简单地得到结果，这样就完全有意义了。In 2009,Craig Gentry firstly provided a workable FHE program.Like HE,it restson a mathematical idea called a homomorphism,which mostly relies on using alge-bra(代数)to map data from one form to another without changing its underlying structure.However,it supports multiple operations on encrypted data,rather than only onecalculation in HE.2009年，Craig Gentry首次提供了一个可行的FHE程序。和HE 一样，它基于一种被称为同态的数学思想，主要依赖于使用代数将数据从一种形式映射到另一种形式，而不改变其底层结构。但是，它支持对加密数据进行多次操作，而不是 在HE中只进行一次计算。Later,Gentry went on to work at IBM,which now has complicated FHE tools torun encrypted data.In the medical field,for example,it detected signs of COVID-19infection by applying FHE to analyze the encrypted CT scans of more than 1,500 peopled lungs.In a paper published in October 2021,the team used FHE to collect datafrom multiple sources and predicted the effect of cancer treatments or the process of HIVinfection,as in Fellays case.后来，Gentry继续在IBM工作，IBM现在有复杂的FHE工具来运行加密数据。例如，在医疗领域，通过应用FHE分 析1500多人肺部的加密C T扫描，该公司发现了 COVID-19感染的迹象。在2021年10月发表的一篇论文中，该团队使 用FH E从多个来源收集数据，并预测了癌症治疗的效果或艾滋病毒感染过程,就像费莱的案例一样。Workable,but still slow:calculations on the FHE-encrypted data could take millionsof times longer than those on raw data.But,as Goldwasser says,If you believe thatsecurity is not a plus,but its a must,“she says,“then in some sense there is no overhead.可行，但仍然很慢:对fhe加密数据的计算可能比对原始数据的计算要长数百万倍。但是，正 如Goldwasser所说，“如果你认为安全不是加分项，而是必须的，”她说，“那么在某种意义上，就没有开销。”32.What is Fellay concerned about?A.Serious diseases.B.Sensitive patients.C.The safety of personal data.D.The lack of genetic information.33.In what way is FHE different from HE?A.It speeds up the analyses.B.It allows more calculations.C.It prevents direct access to data.D.It depends on the use of algebra.34.What is Goldwasser attitude towards FHE?A.Contradictory.B.Unclear.C.Favorable.D.Intolerant.35.What is the main idea of the text?A.FHE protects privacy in the big data era.B.FHE opens a new world for medical workers.C.Gentry proposed a new encryption technology.D.Homomorphic encryption developed over time.3 2【参考答案】C【试题分析】细节理解。根据文章第一段的最后一句话可知，基因标记物含有敏感细节的个人信息。3 3【参考答案】B【试题分析】分析比较。根据文章第四段的最后一句话可知，全动态加密支持多轮计算。3 4【参考答案】C【试题分析】推理判断。根据文章最后一段的内容可知：安全是必须要做到的事情，全同态加密技术助力保障个人信息的安全，因此作者对它的态度是积极的。3 5【参考答案】A【试题分析】总结概括。本文主要介绍了全同态加密技术有助于医疗领域的个人信息安全。第 二 节（共 5 小题：每小题2.5分，满 分 12.5分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。How Star Wars Changed Movie-making Forever 星球大战如何永远改变了电影制作“May the force be with you!”If you are a Star Wars fan,then you have probablyheard this phrase many times.F.If you are not a fan,you are still likely familiar withthese words.So many characters,devices,and phrases from the movie have becomewell-known.But you might be surprised to find out how much this movie has changedhow movies are made.“愿原力与你同在!”如 果 你 是 星球大战的粉丝，那么你可能听过很多次这个短语。如果你不是粉丝，你可能仍然熟悉这些词。电影中的许多角色、设备和短语都已经家喻户晓。但你可能会惊讶地发现，这部电影对电影制作的改变有多大。“A long time ago in a galaxy far,far away.9,is how Star Wars begins.Its plot wasnot ground-breaking.“很久以前，在一个遥远的星系这 就 是 星球大战的开头。它的情节并不是突破性的。B.In fact,it was quite old-fashioned.The story was typical science fiction with lotsof drama,traditional characters and good battling evil,in space and in hand-to-hand fight.事实上，它相当过时。这个故事是典型的科幻小说,有很多戏剧性的情节，传统人物和正义与邪恶的战斗，在太空和白刃战中。It was the special effects that made Star Wars stand out from other movies.Peoplestill talk about the light swords（佥!）that could cut,bum and melt through most sub-stances.Spaceships sped through space and landed on huge,realistic-looking space stations.C.Moviegoers had never seen anything like it.When Star Wars first came out in1977,most movie theaters were stand-alone buildings,with just one movie screen.Usingthe money Star Wars had made fbr them,movie-theate