2023年八年级英语寒假课第02讲形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级(解析版)(外研版).pdf
第 02讲形容词和副词的原级、比较级和最高级【寒假自学课】2023年八年级英语寒假精品课(外研版)【基础知识】一、比较级和最高级的构成方法(-)规则变化(二)不规则变化类别构成方法原级比较级最高级单音节词和少数双音节词一 般 直 接 加-estlonglongerlongesttalltallertallest以 不 发 音 字 母 e 结尾时,加呜latelaterlastestlargelargerlargest以辅音字母加y 结尾时,把 y 变 i,再加-er,-esteasyeasiereasiesthappyhappierhappiest以重读闭音节结尾且词尾只有一个辅音字 母 时,双写该辅音字母,再加-er,-estbighotbiggerhotterbiggesthottest多音节词和部分双音节词在原级前加more,mostcarefulbeautifulmore carefulmore beautifulmost carefulmost beautiful原级比较级最高级good/wellbetterbestmany/muchmoremostbad/illworseworstlittlelessleastfarfarther(较远)further(进一步)farthest(最远)furthest(最大程度)oldolder(年纪较大的)elder(较年长的)oldest(年纪最大的)eldest(最年长的)二、原级的用法1、说明人或事物自身的性质、特征或状态时用形容词原级2,有表示程度的副词very,so,too,enough,quite等修饰时用形容词原级。3、原级比较即同级比较,表示两者在某一方面相同时或不同时用原级。具体结构如下:用法例句A+系动词/动词+as+原级+as+B,(肯定)意 为“A 与 B 一样”表示相同或相等(即 A=B).China is almost as big as the US,but it is thebiggest country in Asia.A+be/动词+not+so/as+原级+as+B(否定)意 为“A不 及 B那样”表示不如或不相等(即 AW B).1 cant run as fast as my brother.A+be+倍数+as+形容词原级+as+B意 为“A 是 B 的.倍”(常见倍数:一 半 half,一倍o n ce,两倍tw ice,三倍及以上:数字+times)。Our school is twice as large as theirs.as m uch/m any/.+a s,表示前后的数量相同。John earns an much money as his brother.as+原级+as+用作比喻的名词意 为“像 一样”,此结构可形成许多习惯用于,多用于口语。He is as busy as a bee.三、比较级的用法(1)由表示程度的副词 a little,a bit,a few,a lot,much,even,still,far,rather,any 等修饰时,用形容词或副词的比较级。如:Ifs even colder today.比较级的常见结构有:A+be/动词+比较级(含 more+多音节形容词/副词原级)+than+B,表 示“A 比 B”,即 ABSam has longer hair than Tom.The+比较级,the+比较级表 示“越,就越”.The more books you read,the more widely yourmind will open up.比较级+and+比较级,表 示“越来越”.注 意:若为多音节词的比较级,则 用“more andmore+形容词原级”表 示“越来越”Talent shows are getting more and more popular.A+be/动词+比较级+than any other+可数名词单数He did better in math than any other boy in hisclass.A+be/动词+less+多音节形容词原级+than+B表 示“A 不及B即 ABThe film was less interesting than the book.表示两者之间进行选择时,用句型:WhichAVho+be/动词+比较级,A or B?Who is taller,Li Ming or Wang Tao?表 示“两者之间较的一个”时,常用“the+比较级”of+名词He is the thinner of the two.表 示“几倍于”时,用“倍数+比较级+than”结构。Your room is three times bigger than mine.四、最高级的用法1.表示三者或三者以上的人或物进行比较时,用最高级形式。形容词最高级前必须加定冠词 the,副词最高级前可以不加。2.最高级常见结构有:用法例句A+be/动词+the+最高级+of7in/among+比较范围He is the tallest of the three boys.Jim writes(the)most carelessly in hisclass.A+be+one of+the+最高级+名词复数表 示“A 是中最之一”。He is one of the best players in theschool.表示在三者或三者以上的人或物中进行选择时,用句型:Which/Who+be/动词+the+最高级,A,B or C?Which city is the mostbeautiful,Beijing,Shanghai or Fuzhou?A+be+the+序数词+形容词最高级+名词单数+范围”表 示“第几个最”。She is the second tallest girl in ourclass.形容词最高级前面可以用形容词性物主代词、指示代词、名词所有格等修饰,但不能再加theI got into a fight with my best friend.【考点剖析】考点一:形容词和副词的原级1.(2022广东华侨中学八年级期中)She didnt do her homework Linda.A.so carefully as B.so carefully than C.as careful as D.more careful than【答案】A【详解】句意:她没有琳达那样认真地做家庭作业。考查词性辨析和搭配。careful小心的;carefully小心地。根据She didnt do herhomework.Linda”可知,空格处为副词修饰动词d o,排除C 和 D;not so.as.”表示“不如”,是固定搭配。故选A。2.(2022北京 北师大实验中学八年级期中)一Greg,you are so talented in speaking Chinese.Can you also write in Chinese?一Yes,I can,but my writing is my speaking.A.not as well as B.as well as C.not as good as D.as good as【答案】C【详解】句意:G reg,你说中文很有天赋。你也能用中文写作吗?是的,我可以,但我的写作不如我的口语好。考查形容词和副词辨析以及形容词原级。根据“Yes,I can,but my writing is.my speaking.“可知会用中文写作,但是写作不如口语好,用结构not as.as“不如”,此处作be动词的表语用形容词good。故选C。考点二:形容词和副词的比较级3.(2022河北石家庄八年级期中)一What does your friend look like now?一Oh,he is much than before.A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.too strong【答案】B【详解】句 意:你朋友现在长什么样子?噢,他比以前强壮多了。考查比较级的用法。根据句子中的“than”可知,应该用比较级。故选B。4.(2022】可 4匕石家庄八年级期中)My dear,if you want to keep healthy,you should drinkcoffee and eat fruit.A.more,more B.more,less C.less,less D.less,more【答案】D【详解】句意:亲爱的,如果你想保持健康,你应该少喝咖啡,多吃水果。考查形容词辨析。more更多的,修饰可数名词复数或不可数名词;less更少的,修饰不可数名词。根据“if you want to keep healthy”及常识可知,要保持健康,应少喝咖啡,多吃水果,故选D。5.(2022广东华侨中学八年级期中)time you spend on the computer games,your study will be.A.The more;the worse B.The less;the worseC.The more;the worst D.The fewer;the worse【答案】A【详解】句意:你花在电脑游戏上的时间越多,你的学习就会越差。考查比较级。the+比较级,the+比较级,表示“越,就越”,排除C 选项。time是不可数名词,不能用fewer修饰,排除D 选项。结合常识可知,在电脑游戏上花的时间越多,学习就会越差,故选A。6.(2022重庆实验外国语学校八年级期中)The trees in our school gr ow,and weall love to have fun under them.A.tall and tall B.taller and taller C.short and short D.shorter and shorter【答案】B【详解】句意:我们学校的树长得越来越高,并且我们都喜欢在树下玩。考查形容词辨析以及形容词比较级。tall高;short矮。all love to have fun underthem”可知此处指树越来越高,用“比较级+and+比较级”结构,B P taller and tallero故选B。考点三:形容词和副词的最高级7.(2022河北石家庄八年级期中)Who si ngs,you or your sister?一My sister,but I can dance as well as her.A.beautifully B.more beautifully C.beautiful D.more beautiful【答案】B【详解】句意:谁唱得更好,你还是你妹妹?我妹妹,但我舞跳得和她一样好。考查副词比较级。beautifully优美地,副词;beautiful优美的,形容词。此空修饰动词sin g,应填副词,根据“you or your sister”可知,两者之间的比较用比较级,故选B。8.(2022 广东 广州大学附属中学八年级期中)Xi9an is one of cities in China.A.beautiful B.more beautiful C.most beautiful D.the most beautiful【答案】D【详解】句意:西安是中国最漂亮的城市之一。考查形容词最高级。根据in China”可知比较范围大于三个,应用形容词的最高级形式,最高级前加the。故符合题意的是D 选项。故选D。9.(2022重庆南开中学八年级期中)一What do you think of Nelly in ihe singingcompetition?She chose s ongs,but her voice is not.A.most carefully;the most beautiful B.the most carefully;most beautifulC.most carefully;most beautiful D.the most careful;most beautifully【答案】A【详解】句意:你觉得在这场唱歌比赛中的Nelly怎么样?她选歌最认真,但她的声音却不是最美妙的。考查形容词和副词最高级的用法。careful认真的;carefully认真地;beautiful出色的,美妙的;beautiful美妙地。根据She chose songs.”可知,此处表示她选歌最认真,此空应是副词最高级most carefully“最认真地”,修饰动词chose“选择”,且副词最高级前通常不用定冠词 the:根据“but her voice is not.”可知,此处表示她的声音却不是最出色的,此空应是形容词最高级the most beautiful“最出色的,作表语,修饰主语her voice“她的声音。故选Ao10.(2022天津八年级期中)一What is way to travel by plane,ship or train?一It depends on yourself.A.a good B.a better C.a best D.the best【答案】D【详解】句意:旅行的最佳方式是什么,乘飞机、轮船或火车?-这取决于你自己。考查形容词最高级。28001一个好的;2 6曳 怩 1*一个更好的;a best一个很好的,极好的;the best(所有里面)最好的,good的最高级。根据比较范围“by plane,ship or train”可知使用最高级,故选D。【真题演练】11.(2022湖北襄阳中考真题)一 Which do you like better,math or physics?Both of them are my favorite subjects.I think math is as as physics.A.interesting B.more interesting C.less interesting D.most interesting【答案】A【详解】句意:你更喜欢数学还是物理?它们都是我最喜欢的科目。我认为数学和物理一样有趣。考查形容词原级。as.as 和一样”,中间用形容词原级,故选A。12.(2022 湖南益阳中考真题)一Is your hair as as Marys?-No,it isnt.Hers is than mine.A.long;long B.longer;long C.long;longer【答案】C【详解】句意:你的头发和玛丽的一样长吗?不,不是。她的比我的长。考查形容词原级和比较级。根据题干和语境,可知第一空是原级作比较,as.as中间要用形容词或副词原级,因此是long;第二空后有比较级标志词th a n,因此用比较级longer。故选C。13.(2022海南中考真题)一Lucy,Im poor in English.Could you give me some advice?一You can speak it as as possible.A.much B.more C.most【答案】A【详解】句意:露西,我的英语很差。你能给我一些建议吗?你可以尽可能多地说英语。考查副词原级。much许多;more更多;most最多。as.as之间用形容词/副词原级,much符合,故选A。14.(2022西藏 中考真题)The harder you work,the you will be.A.luckier B.lucky C.luckily D.luck【答案】A【详解】句意:你越努力,你就越幸运。考查比较级。luckier更幸运;lucky幸运的;luckily幸运地;luck运气。本句是“the+比较级,the+比较级”的结构,表示“越,越故选A。15.(2022 上海中考真题)This detective story is than the one I read last night.A.attractive B.more attractive C.most attractive D.the most attractive【答案】B【详解】句意:这篇侦探小说比我昨晚读的那篇更吸引人。考查比较级。根据than”可知,此处是比较级,应用形容词attractive的比较级moreattractive o 故选 B。16.(2022贵州黔西中考真题)Of the two math problems,Jacky worked out the one.He gave up the difficult one.A.more difficult B.most difficult C.easier D.easiest【答案】C【详解】句意:在这两道数学题中,杰基解出了较容易的那道。他放弃了难的那个。考查比较级。more difficult更难的;most difficult最难的;easier更容易的;easiest最容易的。根据“Of the two math problems”可知,两者之间的比较用比较级,排除B 和 D 选项。根据He gave up the difficult one”可知,放弃了难的,解出更容易那道题,故选C。17.(2022山东滨州中考真题)一 This song seems these days.It was playedeverywhere when it came out.-Thafs true.We seldom hear it now.A.popular B.more popular C.less popular D.the most popular【答案】C【详解】句意:这首歌最近好像不太流行了。它一出来就到处播放。确实如此。我们现在很少听到了。考查形容词比较级。根据It was played everywhere when it came out.”可知,此处是指歌曲刚出来的时候比现在流行,即最近不太流行了,暗含比较级含义。故选C。18.(2022北京中考真题)After taking tennis classes,Tim is much than last year.A.strong B.stronger C.strongest D.the strongest【答案】B【详解】句意:上了网球课之后,蒂姆比去年强壮多了。考查形容词比较级。根据than可知,此处用形容词比较级,故选B。19.(2022山东济南中考真题)Although Lingling studies online at home,she studiesthan before.A.hard B.harder C.hardest D.the hardest【答案】B【详解】句意:虽然玲玲在家在线学习,但她比以前学习更努力了。考查副词比较级。根据“than”可知,此处用副词比较级,故选B。20.(2022江西中考真题)一Who do you think will win the race,Bob or Tom?It must be Bob.I think he runs.A.faster B.fastest C.more slowly D.most slowly【答案】A【详解】句意:你认为谁会赢得比赛,鲍勃还是汤姆?一定是鲍勃。我认为他跑得更快。考查副词比较级。faster更块地;fastest最快地;more slowly更慢地;most slowly最慢地。根据Who do you think will win the race,Bob or Tom?”可知是鲍勃和汤姆之间作比较,用比较级,想要赢得比赛要跑得更快,用 fasler。故选A。21.(2022重庆中考真题)Roy is a great dancer.He dances than others.A.beautifully B.more beautifully C.less beautifully D.most beautifully【答案】B【详解】句意:罗伊是个很棒的舞者。他比别人舞跳得漂亮。考查副词的比较级。根据than可知,此处用副词beautifully的比较级,结合“Roy is a greatdancer.”可知,他是好的舞者,所以跳得更好。故选B。22.(2022辽宁鞍山中考真题)一Whats the second river in China?The Yellow River.A.longer B.the longer C.longest D.the longest【答案】C【详解】句意:中国第二长的河流是什么?黄河。考查形容词最高级的用法。此处给出范围“in China”,用最高级,the second longest 第二长的”,故选C。23.(2022江苏南通中考真题)一Good news!The Chinese women football team came first inthe 2022 Asian Cup.Exactly.The final is one I have ever seen.A.a less amazing B.the most amazing C.a more amazing D.the least amazing【答案】B【详解】句意:好消息!中国女足在2022年亚洲杯中获得第一名。确实。决赛是我见过的最精彩的比赛。考查形容词最高级。根据The final is.one I have ever seen.”可知,此处应使用最高级,排除 AC;根据“Good news”可知,是好事。故选B。24.(2022 湖南湘西中考真题)Swimming in the river is one of dangerous actions,so teenagers mustnt go swimming in the river alone.A.more B.most C.the most【答案】C【详解】句意:在河里游泳是最危险的行为之一,所以青少年禁止单独去河里游泳。考查形容词最高级。根据Swimming in the river is one of.dangerous actions”可知此处用“one of the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数 表示 最 的 之一“,dangerous的最高级most dangerous。故选 C。25.(2022吉林长春中考真题)Zhao Chen ran of all the students at the sportsmeeting.A.fast B.faster C.fastest D.less fast【答案】C【详解】句意:在这次运动会上,赵晨是所有学生中跑得最快的。考查最高级。fast快速地,副词原级;faster更快地,副词比较级;fastest最快地,副词最高级;less fast没那么快。根据“of all the students”可知,三者以上的比较要用最高级,故选Co26.(2022福建中考真题)一Our class did well in the school singing competition.一Yes,you sang of all.A.beautifully B.more beautifully C.most beautifully【答案】C【详解】句意:我们班在学校歌唱比赛中表现很棒。是的,在所有人中,你唱得最出色。考查最高级。动词“sang”用副词修饰,根据“ofall,可知是最高级,表达“所有人中最出色”,用副词最高级“most beautifully”。故选C。【过关检测】二、用所给单词的正确形式填空27.(2022青海 西宁市教育科学研究院八年级期末)The talent show is a s(i n t e r e s t)as the game show.I like both.【答案】interesting【详解】句意:才艺表演和游戏表演一样有趣。我都喜欢。interest“兴 趣 根 据 The talentshow is as”和“as”可知,空格处应用形容词原级作表语,表示“与一样有趣”,根据“Thetalent show”可知,有趣的”的英文表达为interestingo 故填interesting。28.(2021广东广州大学附属中学八年级单元测试)Try io be a s(f r i e n d)as you canto your classmates.【答案】friendly【详解】句意:尽量对你的同学友好。be动词后接形容词,as.as之间用形容词原级,friend的形容词形式friendly,意为“友 好 的 故 填 friendlyo29.Sam isnt a s(h e a l t h y)as his brother.But he wants to b e(h e a l t h y)thanhis brother.【答案】healthy healthier【详解】句意:萨姆不像他哥哥一样健康。但是他想要比他哥哥更健康。healthy”健康的“,是形容词,第一空作为系动词isnt的表语,用形容词,as+形容词原级+as表示“和/像一样”,用形容词的原级;第二空根据“than”可知,此处用比较级,故填healthy:healthier。30.(2022 河北 石家庄市第四十二中学八年级期中)Streets will be m u c h(c r o w d)in the future.【答案】more crowded【详解】句意:将来街道会更加拥挤。be动词后接形容词作表语,crowd的形容词形式crowded,意为“拥挤的“,much后接其比较级more crowdedo故填more crowded031.(2022江苏 扬州市梅岭中学八年级期末)Ifs today than yesterday.What aboutgoing on a picnic this afternoon?(sun)【答案】sunnier【详解】句意:今天比昨天更晴朗。今天下午去野餐怎么样?此空为形容词作表语,根据than可知,此空用形容词的比较级,sun的形容词为sunny,比较级为sunnier。故填sunniero32.(2022北京北师大实验中学八年级期中)Beijing is mu c h(b u s y)than Wuxi.【答案】busier【详解】句意:北京比无锡繁忙得多。根据“than”可知,此处用比较级,busy的比较级为busier”更 加 忙 碌 的 故 填 busiero33.(2022 重庆巴蜀中学八年级期中)The harder we work,t h e(s u c c e s s)we will be.【答案】more successful【详解】句意:我们越努力,我们就越成功。success成功,名词;分析句子结构可知,空处应为形容词作该句表语;successful成功的,形容词;“the+比较级.the+比较级”表示“越.,越.”,故空处应为形容词的比较级。故填more successful。34.(2022重庆实验外国语学校八年级期中)The room in the hotel was awful,but the foodwas e v e n(b a d).【答案】worse【详解】句意:旅馆里的房间很糟糕,但食物却更糟。此空为形容词作表语。根据even可知,此空用形容词比较级。bad的比较级为worse。故填worse。35.(2022重庆南开中学八年级期中)Who i s(t h i n),Alice or Ann?【答案】thinner【详解】句意:谁比较瘦,爱丽丝还是安?根据Alice or Ann,可知是两者比较,用形容词比较级thinner。故填thinner。36.(2022山东济南八年级期中)I am pretty healthy,but my friend Tom i s(h e a l t h y)than me.【答案】healthier【详解】句意:我很健康,但我的朋友汤姆比我更健康。is后接形容词作表语,根据“than”可知,此处填形容词比较级形式。故填healthier。37.(2022 重庆 西南大学附中八年级期中)After trying paragliding,I felt the trip was(enjoy)than that I had before.【答案more enjoyable【详解】句意:在尝试滑翔伞运动后,我感觉这趟旅行比以往更愉快。根据“Aftertryingparagliding,I felt the trip was.(enjoy)than that I had befbre.”可知,该句是含有宾语从句“thetrip was.(enjoy)than that I had befbre”的复合句,宾语从句的主语为the trip”这趟旅行”,was“是”为其系动词,此空后应填入形容词,作从句的表语,且此空后有than 比 所以此空应用enjoy的形容词比较级形式more enjoyable“更 愉 快 的 故 填 more enjoyableo38.(2022 广东深圳八年级期中)Jack i s(g o o d)than Tim at doing this job.【答案】better【详解】句意:杰克做这项工作比蒂姆好。good“好的”,形容词作表语,“than”前用其比较级。故填better。39.(2022广东 广州市第七中学八年级期中)If you still dont understand the meaning of thissentence,please ask the teacher f br(f a r)explanation.【答案】further【详解】句意:如果你还是不明白这句话的意思,请要求老师进一步解释。根据“Ifyoustill dont understand the meaning of this sentence”可推出不明白可以让老师进一步解释,用far的比较级furlher表示“更 进 一 步 的 故 填 further。40.(2022吉林长春八年级期末)Its bad fbr Tom to stay up late and s l e e p(l i t t l e)than six hours every night.【答案】less【详解】句意:对汤姆来说,熬夜,每晚睡眠不足6 小时是不好的。根据than可知,此空应填比较级,little的比较级是le s s,故填less。41.Which g o e s(s lo w ly),Tom or Jim?【答案】more slowly【详解】句意:汤姆和吉姆,哪个走得更慢?slowly“慢地”,副词原级。根据Which goes”可知,空格处应填一个副词修饰“goes,由“Tom or Jim”可知,此处表示两者作比较,故应用比较级,slowly的比较级为more slowly。故填more slowlyo42.Lily gets u p(e a r l y)than Lucy.【答案】earlier【详解】句意:Lily比 Lucy起床早。early“提早”,副词修饰动作“gets up,“than”前用其比较级 earliero 故填 earlier。43.(2021江苏射阳县第六中学八年级期中)In my class,nobody knows aboutChinese history than Jack.(much)【答案】more【详解】句意:在我们班里,没有人比Jack更了解中国历史。根据语境和“than”可知,空格处应用much的比较级more。故填more。44.(2022江苏 南京师范大学附属中学江宁分校八年级阶段练习)The(hard)youpractice,the more you will get.【答案】harder【详解】句意:你越努力练习,得到的就会越多。根据the more”可知此处应用“The+副词的较级,出 e+比较级”结 构,副 词 hard的比较级为harder。故填harder。45.(2022河北 石家庄市第四十二中学八年级期中)We went to the(bad)restaurant last night.The menu had only three dishes.【答案】worst【详解】句意:我们昨晚去了最糟糕的餐厅。菜单上只有三道菜。由空前的定冠词the可知,此处要用形容词最高级;bad的最高级为w orst,表示“最 糟 糕 的 故 填 worst。46.(2022北京 北师大实验中学八年级期中)Shanghai is one of(popular)places togo travelling.【答案】the most popular【详解】句意:上海是最受欢迎的旅游胜地之一。oneof+the+最高级+名词复数表示“最 之 J。popular的最高级是most popular最 受 欢 迎 的 故 填 the most popular。47.(2022上海同济大学附属存志学校八年级期中)China in Tang Dynasty was one of thecountries in the world,(power)【答案】most powerful【详解】句意:唐朝的中国是世界上最强大的国家之一。“one of the形容词最高级+名词复数+范围”表示 最 之一power为名词,形容词为powerful,最高级为most powerful。故填 most powerful o48.(2022 重庆西南大学附中八年级期中)To my mind,Spirited Away by a famous Japanesecartoonist is(create)among the cartoons that I have watched.【答案】the most creative【详解】句意:在我看过的动画片中,日本著名漫画家的 千与千寻是最有创意的一部。根据“among the cartoons that I have watched 可知,三者以上的比较要用最高级,形容词最高级前加冠词the,create的形容词形式creative,意为“有创造性的“,其最高级mostcreativeo 故填 the most creativeo49.(2022山东 济南市槐荫区教育教学研究中心八年级期中)Wanda Cinema is the bestbecause it ha s(bi g)seats in our city.【答案】the biggest【详解】句意:万达电影院是最好的,因为它拥有我们城市最大的座位。根据“inourcity”可知比较范围大,是最高级的标忐;big是形容词,其最高级前必须加定冠词the。故填thebiggest o50.(2022广东深圳八年级期末)Who i s(c o n f i d e n t)person in your class?I believehe or she looks handsome.【答案】the most confident【详解】句意:谁是你们班上最自信的人?我相信他或她看起来很帅。根 据 inyourclass“在你们班上“可知,三者意思比较,用最高级the most confident“最自信的”。confident自信的,形容词。故填 the most confident 051.Paper is one of the most i mp o r t a n t.(invent)【答案】inventions【详解】句意:纸是最重要的发明之一。one o