2023年北京西城高三一模英语试题及答案.pdf
2023北京西城高三一模英 语第一部分：知识运用（共两节，30分）第 一 节（共 10小题：每小题1.5分，共 15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。As a child growing up in the 1980s,Marlene Irvin took many trips toJoyland,an amusement park in her hometown of Wichita,Kansas.She gotexcited the moment her family drove into Joyland*s parking lot.The carouselcircling at the entrance to the park was always the J_fbr me,nMarlene said.Icould watch the horses fbr hours.”Joy land certainly made a/an 2 impression on Marlene,as she got her“first real jobv years later at Wichita*s Chance Manufacturing,the largestmaker of amusement park rides in the world at the time.Marlene started in thecarouselfiberglass workshop,where the carousel horses1 frames,along with parts fbr Ferris wheels,roller coasters,and otherrides,were pieced together.She 3 found her way to Chances art and decoration department,becoming one of thelead horse artists.Then,after working at Chance fbr nearly fifteen years,Marlene decided to start her own business,focusing on carousel restoration.Around the same time,Joyland started experiencing a 4 in attendance.At last,to the heartbreak of Wichitansyoung and old,Joyland 5 after more than fifty years of operation.Local preservation organizations purchased someof the park*s historical items,and Joyland*s thirty-six carousel horses were donated to Botanica,a Wichita-ownedbotanical garden.Botanica asked Marlene to 6 the old,broken horses,and she accepted the challenge.As Marlene finished each horse,Botanica 7 them fbr the public to see.Although they looked 8_compared to theirglory（辉煌）days at Joy land,thanks to Marlenes artistic efforts,the horses impressed observers even more thanthey had before.When native Wichitans saw them,their most 9 question was:uWill we be able to ride them?”Even as _0,they remembered riding the horses at Joyland when they were kids.Marlene always smiled and answered:Theyve been waiting fbr you to come back.”1.A.memoryB.dreamC.highlightD.comfort2.A.immediateB.lastingC.accurateD.general3.A.suddenlyB.definitelyC.hesitantlyD.eventually4.A.declineB.breakC.boostD.return5.A.went downB.fell downC.got downD.shut down6.A.replaceB.rearrangeC.restoreD.reuse7.A.displayedB.movedC.protectedD.advertised8.A.modemB.differentC.attractiveD.unique9.A.basicB.unexpectedC.commonD.remarkable10.A.repairmenB.customersC.residentsD.adults第1页/共11页第 二 节（共 10小题；每小题1.5分，共 15分）阅读下列短文，根据短文内容填空。在未给提示词的空白处仅填写1 个恰当的单词，在给出提示词的空白处用括号内所给词的正确形式填空。请在答题卡指定区域作答。AMy name is Barbara and I work at a department store.I U_(work)there fbr one year when another Barbarajoined the staff.Then I changed my name tag from“Barb to“Barbie”.12 made me feel funny was how smallkids talked about me.Is she really Barbie?”they asked.I changed it at my otherjob,too and began answering the phone,uThis is Barbie.How can I help you?Thecallers have gotten used to that over time,ninety percent of J3,now respond with my Jname:Barbie,can you tell me.”Pronouncing that long e sound forces your Jmouth into a smile,but I have found the smile is usually returned voluntarily.BIts said that fbr the Englishman,his house is his castle.However,this does not mean that his house is a beautifulpalace that others L4(invite)to see.For the British,the home is a place to protect oneself from the outside world.Its a private place in which he goes to hide away _5 the troubles of life.To the American,the home is an expressionof _6(he).Much money is often spent on each and every room L7(create)the right ufeelvaccording to thepersons lifestyle.Therefore,he is happy to show his house to others.CSmoke jumpers are firefighters,trained to fight fires in places that fire engines can*t reach.They travel in smallplanes and,_8(use)a parachute,jump into remote wild areas to fight fires.Smoke jumpers have to respondquickly.While a fire is still small,the pilot j_9_(drop)team members into the area as needed.Their first job maybe to build a fire line to stop the fire from spreading.Water is sent down to them.Smoke jumpers must be 20(high)trained,very experienced and extremely fit.Their job is very dangerous.第二部分：阅读理解(共两节，38分)第 一 节(共 14小题；每小题2 分，共 28分)阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D 四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。ADear Teachers and Parents,This June,during Financial Literacy Month,we have some to share.In 2015,a free online financial education course named FutureSmart was introduced to middle school students,specifically targeting this group at a time in their lives when financial habits take hold and grow.Fast forward to today,FutureSmart,available in English and Spanish,has reached over 13,000 schools acrossall 50 states.More than two million students have completed the course,with almost half coming from low-to-moderate income families.But we aren*t stopping there.We promise to reach four million more students by the end of 2025.Why?Because this moment calls for brave action.Never before have money management and investmentdecisions been so easy to conduct at any time or place through the use of a smartphone.It is time to offer students第2页/共11页more critical financial literacy education to encourage them to make good financial decisions on a daily basis as theymake their way through a complex world.From weighing opportunity costs to delaying instant satisfaction for long-term financial gain,FutureSmarteducates our youth using hands-on simulations(模拟)to introduce concepts like daily financial decisions and therewards of long-term planning.Teaching young learners how to build solid financial foundations is an important stepin building financially healthy communities.Although our work is far from complete,we know that FutureSmart works.And it works exceptionally well.In the largest study of its kind,supported by the MassMutual Foundation and EVERFI,the University ofMassachusetts Donahue Institute(UMDI)recently concluded that 90%of students saw a statistically significantand educationally meaningful increase in knowledge after taking the FutureSmart course.Whafs more,these results were consistent across all student demographics including race,age,gender,schoolyear,and socioeconomic status.We have a long way to go to reach every single middle school student,but we welcome the challenge.Together,our teams have started a movement to provide equal access to financial education,and we invite others to join us.Visit to learn more and see how you can bring FutureSmart to the young people in your life.MICHAEL FANNING RAY MARTINEZHead of MassMutual US President and Co-Founder of EVERFI21.The course F u tu re S m a rt.A.is offered in two different languagesB.requires skillful smartphone operationC.has been bought by a large number of schoolsD.targets students from low-to-moderate income families22.How does FutureSmart introduce financial concepts?A.By establishing financially healthy communities.B.By managing opportunities and rewards.C.By simulating real-life situations.D.By delaying financial gain.23.After taking the course,the students should be able to_.A.improve their academic performanceB.accept financial challenges at any timeC.understand people from various backgroundsD.build a stable financial foundation for the futureBI was sitting in a chemistry lab class during my first year of university,nervous about the experiment we wereto perform.I grabbed a pipette(吸 液 管)and,as I feared,my hand started to shake.The experience wasdisheartening:I was hoping to pursue a career in science,but I started to wonder whether that would be possible.Ithought my dreams had crashed to the ground.I was a boy born with brain damage.My family managed to find good doctors where we lived,in Leningrad(now St.Petersburg),Russia,and I took part in clinical trials testing new treatments.Shortly after my first birthday,第3页/共11页I started walking and it became clear my intelligence function was unaffected.So,in some sense,I was lucky.Still,I couldn*t do some things growing up.Both hands shook,especially when I was nervous or embarrassed.My lefthand was much worse than my right,so I learned to write and do simple tasks with my right hand,but it wasn*t easyto do anything precisely.As a teenager,I faced a lot of bullying at school.Feeling alone,I joined a study group called“The naturalworld”.I thought that getting into the world of animals would keep me away from people.Thats how I came intothe field of biology.At university,I enjoyed the lectures in my science classes.Many lab tasks proved impossible,however.As I struggled with my mood,1 read a book about depression.From then on,the physiology of mentaldisorders became my scientific passion.I looked into what was being done locally and was excited to discover a labthat did behavioral experiments in rats to study depression.At the end of my second year,I approached the professor of the lab to see whether I could work with her.I wasafraid to admit I couldnt do some lab tasks.To my relief she was completely supportive.She set me to workperforming behavioral experiments for others in the lab with the help of colleagues.I loved the supportive atmosphereand stayed there to complete my masters and Ph.D.Ive come to realize that my hands arent the barrier I thought they were.By making use of my abilities andworking as part of a team,Ive been able to follow my passions.Eve also realized that theres much more to being ascientist than perfbnning the physical labor.I may not collect all the data in my papers,but Im fully capable ofdesigning experiments and interpreting results,which,to me,is the most exciting part of science.24.What was the authors dream?A.To live a normal life.B.To become a scientist.C.To get a masters degree.D.To recover from depression.25.The author said he was lucky in Paragraph 2 because_.A.he didn*t lose the function of both handsB.he learned how to walk at the age of oneC.his family could afford to see good doctorsD.his brain damage didnt affect his intellectual capacity26.From the passage,it is clear t hat.A.the authors own depression inspired him to help others with mental disordersB.the author was surrounded by a team who urged him to further his studyC.the authors loneliness moved him towards the world of biologyD.the author finally finished the lab tasks on his own27.What message does the author want to express?A.Loving yourself makes a difference.B.Opportunity follows prepared people.C.A bright future begins with a small dream.D.The sun somehow shines through the storm.CImagine a simple blood test that could flag most kinds of cancers at the earliest,most curable stage.Liquid第4页/共11页biopsies could,in theory,detect a tumor（肿瘤）well before it could be found by touch,symptoms or imaging.Blood tests could avoid the need for surgeons to cut tissue samples and make it possible to reveal cancer hiding inplaces needles and scalpels cannot safely reach.They could also determine what type of cancer is taking root to helpdoctors decide what treatment might work best to destroy it.Liquid biopsies are not yet in hand,because it is hard to find definitive cancer signals in a tube of blood,butprogress in recent years has been impressive.Last year the journal Science published the first big prospective studyof a liquid biopsy for DNA and proteins from multiple types of cancers.Though far from perfect,the blood test calledCancerSEEK found 26 tumors that had not been discovered with conventional screenings.Liquid biopsies can rely on a variety of biomarkers in addition to tumor DNA and proteins,such as free-floatingcancer cells themselves.But what makes the search difficult,Ana Robles,a cancer biologist of the National CancerInstitute,explains,is that“if you have an early-stage cancer or certain types of cancer,there might not be a lot oftumor DNA,“and tests might miss it.The ideal blood test will be both very specific and very sensitive so that eventiny tumors can be found.To tackle this challenge,CancerSEEK looks fbr cancer-specific mutations（突变）on 16genes,and for eight proteins that are linked to cancer and fbr which there are highly sensitive tests.Simple detection is not the only goal.An ideal liquid biopsy will also determine the likely location of the cancerso that it can be treated.u Mutations are often shared among different kinds of cancer,so if you find them in blood,you don*t know if that mutation is coming from a stomach cancer or lung cancer,“says Anirban Maitra,a cancerscientist at the Anderson Cancer Center.To solve that problem,some newer liquid biopsies look fbr changes in geneexpression.Such changes,Maitra notes,are“more organ-specific.On the nearer horizon are liquid biopsies to help people already diagnosed with cancer.Last year the governmentapproved the first two such tests,which scan fbr tumor DNA so doctors can select mutation-targeted drugs.Scientistsare working on blood tests to detect the first signs of cancer recurrence（复发）in patients who have completedtreatment.This work is moving fast,but does it save lives?That is the question companies such as Thrive and Grail must answer fbr their broadly ambitious screening tests.“These companies have to prove that they can detect early cancer and,more important,that the early detection canhave an impact on cancer survival,“Maitra observes.28.According to the passage,liquid biopsies are expected to _.A.flag cancer and determine the treatmentB.detect cancer signals from a sample ofbloodC.take images of tumors and prevent potential cancersD.show types of cancer by measuring the amount of proteins29.What can we learn from the passage?A.Signs of cancer recurrence are not detectable.B.Different kinds of cancer have different gene mutations.C.Biomarkers are much more reliable than tumor DNA and proteins.D.Organ-specific cancers will be identified through changes in gene expression.30.The author is mostly concerned about whetherA.liquid biopsies can discover tumors conventional screenings cant find第5页/共11页B.liquid biopsies can improve the application of mutation-targeted drugsC.liquid biopsies can help save the lives of those with cancerD.liquid biopsies can be developed for cancer preventionDTechnology seems to.discourage slow,immersive reading.Reading on a screen,particularly a phone screen,tires your eyes and makes it harder for you to keep your place.So online writing tends to be more skimmable andlist-like than print.The cognitive neuroscientist Mary Walt argued recently that this“new norm“of skim readingis producing“an invisible,game-changing transformation in how readers process words.The neuronal circuit thatsustains the brain*s capacity to read now favors the rapid absorption of information,rather than skills developed bydeeper reading,like critical analysis.We shouldn*t overplay this danger.All readers skim.Skimming is the skill we acquire as children as we learn toread more skillfully.From about the age of nine,our eyes start to bounce around the page,reading only about aquarter of the words properly,and filling in the gaps by inference.Nor is there anything new in these fears aboutdeclining attention spans（持续时 1间）.So far,the anxieties have proved to be false alarms
