2022北京丰台高二(下)期末英语(教师版).docx

2022北京丰台高二（下）期末第一部分知识运用（共两节，30分）第一节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。Ida Nelson was relaxing and enjoying herself at home. At this moment she 1 a series of long low sounds from an airplane, which was circling the nearby airport in the village.It was 11:30 at night and, as she told the reporter, "Any time a plane flies over that late, you know something is 2Nelson ran to the window, and saw the problem: The airporfs runway lights were out.At once, Nelson jumped into her ATV（沙;难车），and drove it to the airport, where she 3 a local pilot trying to turn on the lights.She ran to help 4. "Usually, if you push the button 10 or 15 times, the lights will just light up,”Nelson said. But it didn't work this time. Meanwhile, they learned of the plane's 5: It was a medevac（医疗救护直升机），there to send a seriously ill local girl to the hospital 280 miles away.Nelson decided to drive her ATV to the end of the runway and shine the headlights for the plane to follow. Great idea, 6 it wasn't enough. More light was needed, so a neighbor called nearly every home in the village.Within ten minutes, twenty cars arrived. Following 7 from the medevac pilot, the cars lined up on one side of the runway.The medevac was guided by the headlights and landed 8, The young patient was loaded onto theaircraft, and the plane 9 at once.In a world filled with uncertainty, the little community's 10 action was a big deal. Not so much forNelson. As she told the reporter, coming together "is kind of a normal deal.,1. A. knewB. heardC. recordedD. created2. A. smallB. interestingC. wrongD. delicious3. A. foundB. calledC. invitedD. asked4. A. luckilyB. surprisinglyC. regularlyD. immediately5. A. taskB. messageC. ideaD. need6. A. orB. butC. soD. and7. A. methodsB. choicesC. developmentD. direclions8. A. successfullyB. naturallyC. hardlyD. actively9. A. took inB. took overC. took offD. took down10. A. practicalB. positiveC. attractiveD. careful第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分,共15分）可知，这架医疗救护直升机要将一个重病的女孩送去医院，这是它要做的事，也是它的任务。故选A项。 【6题详解】考查连词词义辨析。句意：这是个好主意，但这还不够。A.or或者；B. but但是；Cso因此；D. and并 且。 根据后文 “ it wasn't enough. More light was needed, so a neighbor called nearly every home in the village.v 可知，单纯靠她的车灯照亮跑道是不够的，还需要更多的光来照亮。因此此处前后是转折关系，应用并列 连词buto故选B项。【7题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意:根据医疗直升机飞行员的指示，汽车在跑道的一边排成一行。A. methods方 法；B. choices 选择；C. development 发展；D. directions 方向，指示。根据后文 “the cars lined up on one side of the runway."可知，汽车排成一行能更好地给直升机提供照明，而只有飞行员知道怎么做才能确保 光源足够，因此是在飞行员的指示下，汽车在跑道一边排成一行。故选D项。【8题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：医疗直升机在前灯的指引下成功着陆。A. successfully成功地；B.naturally自然 地；C. hardly 儿乎不；D. actively 积极地。根据后文 “The young patient was loaded onto the aircraft, and the plane 9 at once/-可知，直升机在众多车提供光亮的情况下最终降落，然后将受伤的女孩带上飞机。因 此，经过大家共同努力，直升机成功降落。故选A项。【9题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：小病号被抬上飞机，飞机立刻起飞了。A. took in吸收；B. took over掌管；C. took off 起飞；D. took down 记下。根据前文 “It was a medevac（医疗救护直升机）,there to send a seriously ill local girl to the hospital 280 miles away.”可知，直升机就是要将一个受伤的女孩送去远在280英里的医院， 所以女孩被抬上直升机后，直升机立刻起飞，刻不容缓。故选c项。【10题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在一个充满不确定性的世界里，这一群人的积极行动是一件大事。A.practical实际的；B. positive积极的；C.attractive吸引人的；D.careful认真的。根据前文内容以及后文的 “Not so much for Nelson. As she told the reporter, coming together “is kind of a normal deal."” 可知， 此次直升机能顺利将女孩送去医院离不开大家的及时的帮助，离不开大家的积极行动。故选B项。第二节（共10小题；每小题1.5分，共15分）【答案】11. Which12. best 13. what【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者经过艰苦训练，从最危险的梅斯纳特拉弗斯山上滑下来。 【11题详解】考查定语从句。句意：我在波兰的乡村长大，那里以高山滑雪而闻名。句中先行词为the countryside of Poland,在非限定性定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导。故填which。【12题详解】考查形容词最高级。句意：梅斯纳特拉弗斯是那里最危险的山，即使是最好的滑雪运动员也认为不可能从 那里滑下来。根据定冠词the和句意可知，用形容词最高级形式。故填best。【13题详解】考查名词性从句。句意：我为我所取得 成就感到骄傲，它教会了我忍耐的价值。分析句子结构可知，介 词of后接宾语从句。从句缺少宾语，指物，所以用连接代词what引导。故填what。【答案】14. is producedsearching15. to bringamazing【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了六幕童话剧青鸟的故事简介。【14题详解】考查时态语态和主谓一致。句意：青鸟是一部六幕童话剧，由莫里斯梅特林克制作。分析句子结构 可知，句中缺少谓语动词。陈述客观事实，用一般现在时，与produce之间为被动关系，所以用一般现在 时的被动语态，主语The Blue Bird为单数，谓语单数形式。故填is produced。【15题详解】考查状语从句省略。句意：这是一个关于狄蒂尔和梅蒂尔寻找幸福青鸟的冒险故事。while引导时间状语从 句时: 如果从句的主语和主句的主语相同，那么从句的主语和谓语动词be都可以省略。Tyltyl and Mytyl与 search之间为主动关系，所以用现在分词形式。故填searching。【16题详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：她用一颗神奇的钻石让他们家里的动物们活了过来。句中用不定式作目的状语。故填 to bringo【17题详解】考查形容词。句意：他们一起踏上了寻找“青鸟”的奇妙旅程。修饰名词journey,前用修饰物的-ing形容 词 amazing 作定语。故填 amazingo【答案】18. welcomed19. safely 20. their【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了中国三名宇航员在完成为期六个月的太空任务后重返地球，受到 大家的欢迎。【18题详解】考查动词时态。句意：2022年4月26日星期六，全国人民欢迎二位英雄宇航员回家。分析句子可知，空 处前的The whole nation是主语，故空处应作谓语，结合时间状语on Saturday, April 26, 2022可知，此处描 述过去发生的事，空处应用一般过去时。故填welcomed。【19题详解】考查副词。句意：上午9点57分，载有宇航员翟志刚、王亚萍和叶光福的返回舱安全着陆，此前宇航员们 已经完成了为期六个月的太空探索。分析句子可知，空处应填副词作状语修饰动词landed,应用safely, 意为“安全地”。故填safely。【20题详解】考查形容词性物主代词。句意：上午9点57分，载有宇航员翟志刚、王亚平和叶光富的返回舱安全着陆， 此前宇航员们已经完成了为期六个月的太空探索。分析句子可知，空处应用形容词作定语修饰名词短语 space exploration,故用they的形容词性物主代词their作定语。故填their。第二部分阅读理解（共两节，38分）【答案】21.C22. B 23. A 24. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。本文讲述了作者拿着一个朋友送的礼品卡带着儿子和女儿去餐馆吃饭，在那 里作者想起了曾经自己也在餐馆谋生的艰难往事，于是作者在付钱时拿了一张大的钞票付钱并给了生活不 易的服务员小费。作者通过自己的经历告诉我们要善待他人，因为在这个世界上，我们都是一家人。【21题详解】细节理解题。根据第一段的 “ A few years ago, a friend sent me a restaurant gift card for New Year, and I picked a pretty, sunny Sunday afternoon to use it. It felt good taking my grown son and daughter to a nice restaurant instead of the fast food places we usually ate at. The meal was delicious, and we all had a good time just being together. The gift card covered almost all of the check.（几年前，一个朋友送给我一张新年餐厅礼品卡，我选择 了一个阳光明媚的周日下午使用它。带我已成年的儿子和女儿去一家不错的餐馆，而不是我们通常去的快 餐店，这种感觉真好。这顿饭很美味，我们在一起玩得很开心。礼品卡几乎涵盖了所有的费用。）”可知， 作者原先经常去快餐店吃饭，但是一个朋友给了他一张餐馆的礼品卡，可以在一家好的餐厅享用，因此作 者才带小孩去那家餐馆吃饭。所以作者去好的餐馆吃饭是因为作者可以用这个礼品卡来支付费用。故选C 项。【22题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段 “It was long hours of hard work for low pay. I went home just barely（勉强）making enough to feed my young family.（这是长时间的低薪艰苦工作。我回到家，挣的钱只够养活我这个年轻的家 庭。）”可知，作者当餐厅服务员时，工作时长久，工资低，仅能勉强养家糊口。因此，作者赚的很少。故 选B项。【23题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的 “I smiled, pushed it back down and picked out the larger bill. As we all got up from the table, I handed the bill and gift card to the hardworking waiter. "You keep the change JI said with a smile and a happy heart.（我笑了笑，把它放了回去，拿出了那张更大的钞票。当我们都从桌边站起来时，我把账单和礼 品卡递给了那个辛勤工作的服务员。“你不用找了，”我笑着说，心里很高兴。）”可知，作者拿出面额 更多的钞票支付剩余的费用，并给了服务员小费。故选A项。【24题详解】推理判断题。根据根据第三段的 “I smiled, pushed it back down and picked out the larger bill. As we all got up from the table, I handed the bill and gift card to the hardworking waiter. "You keep the change,said with a smile and a happy heart.（我笑了笑，把它放了回去，拿出了那张更大的钞票。当我们都从桌边站起来时，我把账 单和礼品卡递给了那个辛勤工作的服务员。“你不用找了，”我笑着说，心里很高兴。）”以及最后一段“We are all one family in this world. We live together, rejoice（高兴）together and suffer together. Do your best to be kind. Do your best to be a good person and replace the suffering with joy.（在这个世界上， 我们者B是家人。 我们一起生活，一起快乐，一起受苦。尽你所能善待他人。尽你所能做一个好人，用快乐代替痛苦。）”可 知，作者想到自己曾经的苦，所以给了服务员小费，作者认为我们所有人都是一家人，要同甘共苦。因此 可知，作者是一个关心他人、体贴他人的人。故选D项。【答案】25.A26. D 27. A 28. C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇应用文。本文介绍了三种既可以让你在疫情期间应对你悲伤的情绪，也能为他人提供 帮助的方式，分别是做在线志愿者、在线教师以及在线翻译员。【25题详解】细节理解题。根据第二段的 “This can involve actions like sharing the Red Cross content across social media or organizing an online donation. Points of Light, an online volunteer service organization, can offer you a lot of jobs including writing letters to health care workers, or organizing food donations for needy families in your area.（这包 括在社交媒体上分享红十字会的内容或组织在线捐赠等行为。Poims/Lig历是一家在线志愿服务组织，可 以为你提供很多工作，包括给医疗工作者写信，或者为你所在地区的贫困家庭组织食物捐赠。）”可知，组 织在线捐赠是属于红十字会志愿者工作的内容。故选A项。【26题详解】细节理解题。根据第三段的"T allows students many chances to teach children under 12online4T使得学生有很多机会在网上教12岁以下的孩子。）”可知，三年级的小孩年龄在12 岁以下，故要教三年级的小孩可以去T这个网站。故选D项。【27题详解】细节理解题。根据第四段的 “Some communities need some CO VID-19-related papers translated from English to French. You could offer your help. You could also consider joining the army of TED Talk translators who work on subtitling（添加字幕）the videos.（一些社区需要将一些与新冠肺炎相关的论文从英语翻译成法语。你可以 提供帮助。你也可以考虑加入TED演讲翻译大军，为视频配上字幕。）”可知，如果会两种语言，要么可 以给与新冠疫情相关的文件做文字翻译，要么给TED演讲视频添加字幕。故选A项。【28题详解】推理判断题。根据第一段的“The best way to deal with your sadness and feel useful to your community is to volunteer online. Here are three ways you can offer help.（处理你的悲伤和感觉对你的社区有用的最好方法是在 网上做志愿者。这里有三种你可以提供帮助的方法。）”以及最后一段的“During this hard time, you can start where you are, use what you have and do what you can to make a difference.（在这段又艮难时期,你可以从现 在开始，利用你所拥有的，尽你所能去改变。）”可知，本文主要是介绍了三种做志愿者的方式，让你为这 个疫情尽点自己的力量。故选C项。【答案】29.C30.A 31.C【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员开发了一款智能手机应用 程序，可以让人们通过记录眼睛的特写来筛查阿尔茨海默氏症和其他神经系统疾病。【29题详解】细节理解题。根据第段"Researchers at the University of California San Diego have developed a smartphone app that could allow people to screen fbr Alzheimer's disease and other neurological神经系统的）diseasesbyrecording closeups of the eyes.（加州大学圣地亚哥分校的研究人员开发了一款智能手机应用程序，可以让人 们通过记录眼睛的特写来筛查阿尔茨海默氏症和其他神经系统疾病）”结合文章主要介绍了加州大学圣地亚 哥分校的研究人员开发了一款智能手机应用程序，可以让人们通过记录眼睛的特写来筛查阿尔茨海默氏症 和其他神经系统疾病。可知，该手机APP可以帮助人们探测神经系统疾病。故选C。【30题详解】推理判断题。根据第四段“Now, it is this smartphone app that helps promote a more affordable and accessible solution at homes.（现在，正是这款智能手机应用帮助推广了一种更实惠、更方便的家庭解决方案）”以及第 五段 “They worked with older adult participants to design a simple app interface（界面）that allows users to do pupil response tests by themselves4他们与老年参与者合作设计了一个简单的应用程序界面，允许用户自己做 瞳孔反应测试）”可推断，这款手机应用使得瞳孔反应测试可以自己在家进行。故选A。【31题详解】推理判断题。根据最后一段 “Nowadays, the Digital Health Lab is continuing this work to enable similar function on any smartphone rather than just the newer smartphones. Future studies will also involve working with older adults to evaluate home use of the technology. The team will work with older individuals with mild cognitive damage to test the app as a risk screening tool fbr early stage Alzheimer's disease.（如今，数字健康实验室正在继 续这项工作，以便在任何智能手机上实现类似的功能，而不仅仅是更新的智能手机。未来的研究还将涉及 与老年人合作，评估家庭对这项技术的使用情况。该团队将与轻度认知损伤的老年人合作，测试该应用程 序作为早期阿尔茨海默病的风险筛查工具）”可推断，这款APP还将会开发其他功能。故选C。【答案】32.D33. B 34. A【解析】【导语】这是一篇说明文。近年来，人们花在面对面互动上的时间减少，而花在屏幕上的时间增加。一些 应用程序设计的尽力吸引人，让人们移不开眼。作者认为平衡是避免科技过载的方法，人们彻底摆脱社交 媒体是不行的。【32题详解】主旨大意题。通读第二段尤其是第一句 "Many apps are designed to draw our attention and not let go for as long as possible."（许多应用程序都是为了吸引我们的注意力而设计的，尽可能长时间不让我们离开。）和第 二句 "'Like'buttons, bright red notifications（通矢口）and never-ending news keep us focused.”（“喜欢”按钮、 亮红色通知和没完没了的新闻让我们专注。）可知，本段主要是在讲手机软件是如何吸引用户的。故选D 项。【33题详解】 词义猜测题。根据冒号后面的内容"deleting as many apps as you can or cutting yourself off from your devices."（删除尽可能多的应用程序，或者切断与设备的联系。）可知这么做是为了这避免上瘾，即这是一 种避免人们对数字技术上瘾的手段。故选B项。【34题详解】推理判断题。通读全文尤其是第二段中 “These are called within-phone interruptions（干扰）and you can lose most of your day to them. It has been found that when a task is interrupted by push notifications, it can end up taking four times longer to complete than it would do otherwise."（这些被称为“电话内部干扰”，你可能会因 为它们而浪费掉大部分时间。研究发现，当一项任务被推送通知打断时，完成它所需的时间可能是不使用 推送通知时的四倍。）可知作者认为一些应用程序尽力吸引人，使人们不知不觉中浪费许多时间，使工作效 率降低，由此可推知，作者认为应用程序是过度使用的罪魁祸首。故选A项。第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，共10分）【答案】35.C36. G 37. F 38. E 39. D【解析】【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了如何才能有良好的团队合作。【35题详解】根据空前 “You can't get away from "teams" that may probably create something greater than the sum of its parts. Or so the theory goes.（你无法摆脱“团队”，它可能创造出比部分之和更大的东西。）”说明了团队合作的 重要性。而下文则讲述了如何拥有良好的团队合作。选项C uThere are some ways to help get the most out of a team.（有一些方法可以帮助一个团队发挥最大的作用。）”承上启下。故选C。【36题详解】根据下文 “What they are hoping to achieve should be something achievable but tough and inspiring enough to attract the members and ke叩their motivation alive.（他们所希望达到的目标应该是可以实现的，但也应该是艰 苦的，足以鼓舞人心的，以吸引队员并保持他们的动力。）”可知，本段讲的是每一个团队都要有一个目 标，而每一个队员也要清楚这个目标。选项 G “And all the members should realize the value of what they are going to do.（所有的成员都应该意识到他们将要做的事情的价值。）”符合上下文意，指的是每个人都要心 中有目标。故选G。【37题详解】空处为段首句，为本段中心句。下文“Team members must be able to express their opinions freely and believe their suggestions will be taken seriously. This is important because the team may need to solve some complex issues.（团队成员必须能够自由地表达他们的意见，并相信他们的建议会被认真对待。这很重要，因为团队 可能需要解决一些复杂的问题。）”讲述的是团队队员应该能自由地表达自己的意见。选项F "Besides, good 16amwork is built on open communication4此外，良好的团队合作建立在开放的沟通基础上。）”与下文 一致。故选F。【38题详解】根据空前 uConflict solving is also very important. Disagreements are natural and, in fact, debate and discussionshould be encouraged. A team made up only of “yes men” can make disastrous decisions that few people honestly agreed within the first place.（解决冲突也很重要。分歧是很自然的，事实上，应该鼓励辩论和讨论。一个只 由“唯唯诺者”组成的团队可能会做出灾难性的决定，而这些决定最初很少有人诚实地同意。）”讲述了团 队中需要恰当解决冲突。选项E “So there should be rules on how to handle disagreements.（所以应该有关于如 何处理分歧的规则。）”承接上文说明团队有冲突很自然，所以要有规则，同时又引出下文说明有分歧该如 何做。故选E。【39题详解】根据下文 “It requires much more, but motivating people is most essential. Successful teamworking is not marked by how much progress the team makes toward its goals, but by how confidently its members complete their tasks with a sense of achievement and pride.（这需要更多，但激励人们是最重要的。成功的团队合作不在于团队朝 着目标前进了多少，而在于团队成员带着成就感和自豪感自信地完成任务。）”可知，下文主要讲述了成功 的团队的特征。选项D u Team building isn't just throwing a few people together.（团队建设不只是把几个人聚 在一起。）”中的not just和下文的much more相呼应，表明团队工作不仅仅是几个人聚在一起，还在于激 励人们为了自己的目标而前进等。故选D。第三部分书面表达（共两节，32分）【答案】40. Because the community does not have the resources or know how to fix the problem.41. The author's advice is that if we want to make donations, we should make sure our donation matches the need of the receivers, so that it will be good for the growth of the one we want to help in the long term.42. The economy in Kenya becomes better because of the imported clothes from Global Charities.The economy in Kenya becomes worse because of the imported clothes from Global Charities.43. In my daily life, I'll buy something to eat for the people who are hungry, begging in the street. Besides, I'll donate books to the children who are fbnd of reading but can't afford books.【解析】【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要介绍了我们捐赠的东西未必就能真正地帮助别人，作者建议捐赠与 受助人的需求匹配才是最好的选择。【40题详解】考查细节理解。根据第二段 u However, today 40% of those have failed to work at some point. Because the community does not have the resources or know how to fix the problem, they have been left there, like expensive but useless decorations.（然而，如今有40%的水泵在某些时候无法工作。因为社区没有资源或不知道如何修 理这个问题，它们被留在那里，就像昂贵但无用的装饰。）”可知，这些水泵没有用处是因为当地社区没有 资源或不知道如何修理这个问题。故答案为Because the community does not have the resources or know how to fix the problem.【41题详解】考查细节理解。 根据最后段 “In general, the more your donation matches the need of the receivers, the better it will be for the long-term growth of those you want to help.（一般来说，你的捐赠与受助人的需求越匹配，对 你想帮助的人的长期发展就越有利。）”可知，作者建议如果想要捐赠的物品对被捐赠者有用，最好捐赠品要和被捐赠者的需求匹配。故答案为 The author's advice is that if we want to make donations, we should make sure our donation matches the need of the receivers, so that it will be good for the growth of the one we want to help in the long term.【42题详解】考查细节理解。根据第三段 “The problem is that these mountains of imported clothes have completely destroyed local textile（纺织品）industries, which have previously supported local economies. In the 1980s, 500,000 people were employed by Kenya's textile industry. Today the numb