八年级英语：七选五专项-教师版.docx

八年级专项讲义七选五专项题型解析.选材特点根据短文内容，把原文中空缺的句子还原到适当位置，是济南市2016年中考阅读理解试题新增加的题型。 该试题选材一般贴近生活实际，具有很强的时代气息，文章内容逻辑性强，结构严谨，层次分明，便于考生 结合上下文的逻辑结构和前后内容的联系做出正确的分析。1 .考查内容客观全面考查学生的阅读理解判断能力、归纳概括能力、逻辑推理能力。考查学生对篇章句子之间、段落之间的连贯性和一致性的熟练把握能力。2 .设题原则词数200个左右，以记叙文或议论文为主；短文中设5个空格，7个给定句子，其中有两项是多余的干扰项。 短文中所空缺的句子大致有三种类型：上下文过渡性句子、前文有生僻的单词或短语，以及有语法理解困难 或容易引起歧义的句子的进一步解释说明的句子；还有一类就是对全文或某一段主旨大意、写作意图等方面 的概括句。总结：设空位置&设空特点段首：概括全段承上启下段中：过渡&细节段末：总结全段&承上启下高分攻略1.速读全文，寻找主旨和选择或判断题型的阅读理解短文做题思路是一样的，首先要专心快速浏览全文，弄清文章主要介绍表达3 .答案：F解析：句意：我承诺过她，我会照顾好我自己，因为我对她来说很重要。这句话与本段开头的I promise her to study hard in the university because I am her hope.相呼应。4 .答案：A解析：句意：这对我来说是最开心的一段时光。作为本段的中心句，后面主要是着重讲述了跟父母在一起 的时光是最开心的。5 .答案：C解析：句意：有时“爱无需多说,给他们打个电话，告诉他们你牵挂这他们。练习五In some Western countries, many children do chores to get pocket money （零花钱）.1.School students have to do homework and study for tests.2 They often do chores on weekends.3.So they don't get much money. But that's enough. Many of them only want to buy candy （糖果）.And candy is cheap! They often help do the dishes, sweep the floor, or feed the pet cat or dog.When they get older, they want to buy more and more things. They want things that are more expensive than candy.4. They often help their parents wash the family car, cut the grass, or cook meals.Some jobs are a good way for kids to learn new things.5Of course, their parents help them at first.A. So they have to work harder!B. They usually start to do this when they are ten years oldThey don't have much free time on weekdays.C. For example, they can learn how to use a lawnmower（割草机）or how to cook.D. Yong Kids don't need to do chores.E. Young kids only do easy chores.L答案:B解析：在西方国家，孩子们经常做一些家务活来赚取零花钱。他们通常从10岁起开始做这件事。B选项中的 they 照应 childreno.答案:C解析句意:在工作日他们没有足够的时间，所以他们经常在周末做这件事。on weekdays与后文on weekends.相照应。2 .答案:F解析：句意：年轻的孩子只做一些比较简单的家务。这与下一段开头，When they get older,相照应。3 .答案:A解析：句意：所以他们必须努力工作。因为109个空前面提到，他们想要的东西已经不仅限于糖果了。4 .答案：D解析句意:举例来说，他们能够学会如何使用割草机和如何做饭。照应上面那句"Some jobs are a good way for kids to learn new things.练习六If you visit Liu Hansheng's restaurant in Harbin, you will find 18 robots there. They are ready toserve you and make sure that you enjoy eating in the restaurant.1 When you walk in, you911 see a robot come up and say, "Hello,Earth Person! Welcome to the Robot Restaurant., After you order your meal,the robots in the kitchen begin to do the cooking. When the food is ready, a robot waiter will glide （；骨彳亍）out of thekitchen to serve you with your meal. 3You may ask, “Where did all these robots come from? Liu said the robots were made by the Harbin Haohai Robot Company.4After a busy day, all the robots will go for a "meal”, which is electricity （电）,for about two hours.5 The restaurant now has a menu with more than 30 dishes, and the price for a dinner is about 40 to 50yuan. Do you want to go and have a try in this restaurant?A. Robots can sing and dance like people.B. Robots serving people isn't a dream any more.C. It will be difficult to make robots think like human.D. He said he spent 200,000 to 300,000 on each robot.E. After the "meal”, the robots can keep working fbr five hours.F. It's wonderful to see how the 18 robots work in the restaurant.G. And when people enjoy their delicious food, a robot sings lovely songs to them.1 .答案：B解析：位于首段，根据后一句如果“你去刘涵晟的餐馆，你会发现有18个机器人”可知，前面总起句应该是说明机器人服务人类将不再是梦。故选Bo.答案：F解析：由下一句，“如果你走进了参观，你将会看到一个机器人来跟你打招呼”可知，前面是说走进餐馆去看机器人在餐馆工作。符合题意，故选K2 .答案:G解析：根据上一句“饭准备好了之后，机器人会端给你”可知，下一句是提到吃饭的时候。故选Go3 .答案：D解析根据上一句“这些机器人是由哈尔滨浩海机器人公司制作的”可知下一句是买机器人花费多少钱。代词He代指刘，故选Do.答案：E解析：根据上一句中的meal关键词提示可知，下一句应该是after the meal0故选Eo练习七Bill is only fifteen years old, but he's already very rich. Two years ago, Bill began a football website （网站）fbr young people. "I became interested in computers when I was eight because my father job is with computers. As a little boy, I also loved football 1Bill started the "football OK!” website two years ago, and now more than 20,000 people visit it every day.2 He usually gets up at six and looks at his e-mails. Then he goes to school from nine to fourteen. In theevenings, he always works fbr about four hours on his website.3"At the moment I am thinking about a new website on American football, maybe for next year,“ he said.And is Bill the same person that he was three years ago 4"I have met a lot of interesting people on thewebsite and I have traveled all over the world. Bill doesn't know about the future. "Maybe I will sell the website, I really don't know. I will just wait and see.”When he is 21, Bill will be a millionaire （百万富翁）.5No, he is very different now.A. Bilfs next plan is a new website.B. He always says, "Anything is possible.”Bill is a schoolboy and businessman as well.C. So I decided to make a website-especially fbr people of my age.D. He can't set up a new website.E. Yes, he is.1 .答案：E解析：句意：所以我决定去做一个网站，尤其是针对我这个年龄段的网站。与下文第二段第一句"Bill started the "football OK!" website two years ago, and now more than 20,000 people visit it every day.”形成对照。2 .答案：D解析：句意：Bill既是一个还正在上学的男孩，也是一个商人。此句与下文形成对照。在102空的后面分别介绍了 Bill的作息时间。3 .答案：B解析:句意：Bill下一步的计划是做一个新的网站。此句与"At the moment I am thinking about a new website onAmerican football, maybe for next year," he said.相照应。4 .答案：A解析:句意：“不,他现在已经与以往不同了”此句照应本段第一句话“And is Bill the same person that he wasthree years ago”与三年前的Bill做对比。5 .答案：C解析：句意：当他21岁的时候成为了百万富翁。他常说“一切皆有可能二练习八How can we understand the culture of different countries?1 Restroom, campuses(校园)and trashbins. This summer vacation, I found that the restrooms in the US were different from those I had seen in China. I travelled around the US with teachers and classmates, but I did my own research on the topic.In the US, almost every restroom has special rooms fbr people in wheelchairs and aid fbr the blind. Braille (盲文)is on the restroom door to help guide blind people.2 But I found that 38(95percent) of them hadBraille and 36(90percent) had a room fbr special groups.Another difference in the restroom is super-sized toilet paper. About 77.5percent of the restrooms prepared two rolls of toilet paper.84 You might say it's foolish to pay attention to restrooms rather than beautifulscenery.85 From these restrooms, I found equality and respect for everyone in their country. It reminds usthat we should show respect and provide a comfortable living fbr everyone.A. But I think it's meaningful.B. I have visited many restrooms.C. However, I don't think it's necessary.D. It seemed foolish to visit 40 restrooms.E. One restroom even had four rolls of toilet paper.F. It shows the equipment （设施）for special groups are well developed.G. I believe you can find the culture of a country by looking at three things.1 .答案:G解析:联系上文“How can we understand the culture of different countries?”我们怎么理解不同国家的文化呢；再 联系下文“Restroom, campuses(校园)and trash bins.»厕所，校园和垃圾桶。可知，空格句子的意思是从3 个方面。选项G的意思是我相信你通过看3个东西能找到一个国家的文化。符合语境。故选G。2 .答案:D解析:联系下文“But I found that 38(95percent) of them had Braille and 36(90percent)had a room for special groups."但是我发现了 38个有盲文，36个有为特殊群体提供的房间。从数字上的百分比可知是40个左右的 卫生间。关键词but说明了空格句子的意思是转折关系。选项D的意思是参观40个卫生间是愚蠢的。符合 语境，故选D。3 .答案：F解析:联系上文“But I found that 38(95percent) of them had Braille and 36(90percent)had a room for special groups."但是我发现了 38个有盲文，36个有为特殊群体提供的房间。从数字上的百分比可知是40个左右的 卫生间。说明空格句子的意思和卫生间关注特殊群体的文化有关。选项F的意思是它显示了为特殊群体的 设备发展得很好。符合语境。故选F。4 .答案:E解析:联系上文“About 77.5percent of the restrooms prepared two rolls of toilet paper.”大概 77.5%的厕所准备了 2 卷卫生纸。可知，空格句子的意思是和厕所的卫生间有关系。选项E的意思是一个卫生间甚至有4卷卫生纸。符合语境。故选民5答案:A解析:联系上文“You might say it's foolish to pay attention to restrooms rather than beautiful scenery.”你 可能会说关注洗手间而不是美丽的风景是愚蠢的。再联系下文“From these restrooms, I found equality and respect for everyone in their country."从这些卫生间，我在他们国家找到了对每个人的尊重和平等。可知，空 格句子的意思是作者的想法是不同的。选项A的意思是但是我认为这是有意义的。符合语境。故选A。练习九Everyone has hobbies.1For most of us, the activities we do are common and easy to do.2 They are more interested in doingextreme sports （极限运动）,such as snowboarding, diving and rock climbing.Many people enjoy rock climbing. You can do it indoors on special walls.3 There are manyadvantages to rock climbing-it is fun and it also helps people forget their worries.The most important equipment （装备）to have is good shoes. They need to be half a size smaller than yourusual size. The next thing you need is a harness （保护带）.4 But if you fall, it will hold you up. It'simportant to know how to use your equipment. If you are a beginner, it's best to have lessons. A climber with experience can help you a lot when you are learning to climb.Rock climbing is very exciting for people of different ages. Climbers, however, must be careful not to pollute the environment. Sometimes rock climbers leave rubbish on the mountains where they climb.5 This willlet future climbers enjoy a clean environment.A. This allows you to move freely.B. They should take it with them and throw it away.C. However, there are other people who like to take risks.D. Hobbies bring us a lot of happiness.E. Beginners should have lessons and get help from climbers with experience.F. Or you can also do it outdoors on real mountains.G. But some girls don't like rock climbing.1 .答案:D解析：根据上句“Everyone has hobbies.每个人都有爱好。”，可知本段主要说“爱好”这一话题，所以D选项 "Hobbies bring us a lot of happiness.爱好带给我们很多快乐。”符合语境，故选D。2 .答案:C解析:根据上句"For most of us, the activities we do are common and easy to do.对我们大多数人来说,我们所 做的活动是普通的和容易做的”和下句“They are more interested in doing extreme sports他们更感兴趣做极限 运动”，可知这两句有明显的转折意思，所以“However, there are other people who like to take risks.然而，还 有其他人喜欢冒险。”起过渡作用，故选Co3 .答案：F解析：根据上句“You can do it indoors on special walls.你可以在室内的特殊墙壁上做攀岩。”可知本句在介绍 攀岩的场所,所以选项F"Or you can also do it outdoors on real mountains.或者你也可以在真正的山上户夕M故。” 符合语境，故选Fo4 .答案：A解析：根据But if you fall, it will hold you up."但如果你摔倒了，它会把你吊起来。”可知本句主要介绍保护 带的作用，所以与“This allows you to move freely.这可以让你自由移动。”构成转折关系，故选A。5 .答案：B解析：根据下句“This will let future climbers enjoy a clean environment.这将让未来的登山者享受一个干净的 环境。”可知B选项“They should take it with them and throw it away.他们应该随身带着然后再扔掉。”符合语境，故选Bo练习十There were once two brothers who lived near a forest. Their parents died. The elder brother was very bad to his younger brother.1One day, the elder brother went into the forest to find some firewood to sell in the market. As he went around, he cut down the branches （枝条）of tree after tree.2 The tree said to him, “Oh, kind sir, please do not cut my branches. If you agree, I will give yougolden apples." The elder brother agreed, but he was disappointed （失望的） with the number of apples the tree gave him.3 Instead of giving him more golden apples, the magical tree sent out hundreds of tiny needles（刺）and stuck them onto the elder brother's body.4When it became dark, the younger brother grew worried about his brother and he went to search for him everywhere.5 He rushed to his brother and removed each needles with love. After he finished, the elderbrother said sorry for treating him badly and promised to be better. The tree saw the change of the elder brother, and gave the two brothers all the golden apples they could ever need.A. Then he came upon a magical tree.B. So the younger brother left with lots of apples.C. The elder brother lay on the ground, crying in pain.D. He ate up all the food and took all his brother's good clothes.E. He found his brother lying in pain near the tree, with hundreds of needles on his body.F. But if the tree didn't grow any apples, it would become too old to live on any years.G. He told the tree he would cut all the branches if the tree didn't give him more apples.1 .答案：D解析：上句话“The elder brother was very bad to his younger brother.”提到“哥哥对弟弟很不好、这个空应承接上文进行解释如何不好，D选项“他吃光了所有的食物，还拿走了弟弟的好衣服”符合语境，故选Do.答案：A解析：根据下文“The tree said to him, “Oh, kind sir, please do not cut my branches. If you agree, I will give you golden apples."，'可以看到，这棵树对哥哥说话,这是一颗神奇的树，A选项“然后他来到了一颗神奇的树面 前”符合语境，故选Ao.答案：G解析：根据上文“The elder brother agreed, but he was disappointed （失望 ）with the number of apples the tree gave him."可知，哥哥对树给他的苹果的数量不满意，所以他还想要更多的苹果。G选项“他告诉树，如果树 不给他更多的苹果，他就砍下所有的树枝”符合语境，故选G。2 .答案：C国华析：心艮据上文“Instead of giving him more golden apples, the magical tree sent out hundreds of tiny needles （刺） and stuck them onto the elder brother's body可知，树发出几百根刺，把它们刺在哥哥的身上。哥哥很痛苦, C选项“哥哥躺在地上，痛苦地哭了"符合语境，故选Co3 .答案：E解析：上文“he went to search for him everywhere."提至！弟弟去找哥哥;下文“He rushed to his brother.”他 冲向了哥哥，因此这里应表示“他找到了他的哥哥”，E选项“他发现他的哥哥躺在树旁，痛苦不堪，身上扎 着几百根针”符合语境，故选E.练习十一“Are you cold ? ”Kitty came into my life twenty years ago. When my son , Josh , and I were walking by a store , we saw a basket full of little cats in the was easy to choose. Kitty was the most beautiful one among the little cats.In her new home in the woods , Kitty spent many afternoons climbing trees and playing with the bushes（灌木 丛）.She easily made friends with Asia.2Kitty was Josh*s cat.3. My love to her came as a surprise because I had never had a cat as a child.4 The house feels very different. Many times I find myself stopping to remember if I need to feed heror change her water. Now I get to know just how much a part of my life she really was.Kitty stayed as long as she could-twenty years , three months. And as lucky as I was to have her for so long,了什么。在阅读中要注意留心把握文章的要点词句，包括首尾段、首尾句以及独立成段的句子和文章中带转 折词的句子等，目的是把握文章的主要内容。2.解读备选，基本定位明确各备选项的含义，抓住其关键词，根据文章整体结构与具体内容，将选项代入文中，尤其要注意各选项 中出现的句子衔接标志词与原文中的某些词是否有关联，还可以通过句子的完整性或句子后的标点符号来 判断该选项在原文中的位置。另外通过阅读选项，还可找出与其他选项表达意思完全不同的句子，将该选项 排除。具体步骤定位置定位置读选项找联系比选项首、中、末关键词上下句-选项J近似选项注意: “读选项叩寸，要注意选项中的关键词，如名词，代词，连词，疑问词等，分别对应相关的做题技巧，如词汇 复现，代词指代，逻辑关系，相关词汇，根据这些提示找出原文与选项之间的联系，也就是我们步骤里面 所说的“找联系“。3.通读复检，核实修正在完成选项定位后，对照关键词与上下文语意关系做出选择。再次通读全文，检查文章内容是否完整，上下 文语意是否连贯合理，各段落内容是否紧扣主题，语篇结构是否通顺连贯、合乎逻辑，从而判定自己选择的 答案是否准确。 there will never be a time when I will not miss my Kitty girl.5A. She is always in my heart.B. We talked about getting a cat as a friend to my son.C. They shared the room for many years.D. We talked about getting a cat as a friend to our new little dog , Asia.E. However , she became more and more my cat as Josh grew into adulthood（成年）.F. Now Kitty is still live with us.G. Now Kitty is no longer here with us.答案：LD解析：句意：我们打算送给我们的小狗一只猫，作为他的朋友。此处前面讲的是，我们看到了一整篮子的 猫，后面谈到这很容易选择，可知要带走一只猫。答案：2. C解析：句意：他们一直以来都分享相同的空间。由第二段前面可知，狗和猫一直相处的很好。答案：3.E解析：句意：然而随着这只猫长大,她变得越来越像我的猫。这与后面My love to her.是相互照应的。答案：4.G解析：句意：现在猫已经不跟我们住在一起了。由本句后面的内容可知，猫不跟“我”一起生活后，“我”还是很不习惯的。答案：5.A解析：句意:它会一直在我的心中。由最后一段前面的句子可知，“我一直没有停止对猫的思念”。练习十二This is a question Fve heard many times since I came to China. I often wear a light jacket and a T-shirt during winter , while most other people are wearing heavy coats.1 But when my Chinese friends refuse to eat or drink cold things , even during the hot summer , Ibecome the one who is confused. 2 .Where does this idea come from?My friends said their parents taught them that cold food and drinks are bad