06名词性从句-备战高考英语语法知识串讲与运用（版）.docx

备战2023年高考英语语法知识串讲06名词性从句在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句。名词从句的功能相当于名词词组，它在复合句中能担任主语、 宾语、表语、同位语、介词宾语等，因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类：连接词：that, whether ,if （不充当从句的任何成分）连接代词： what, whatever, who, whoever, whom, whose, which连接副词： when, where, how, why如： That she was chosen made us very happy.一、主语从句1 .以what等连接代词引导的主语从句What you say is right.Whoever wants it may have it.谁要都可以给他。同类的连接代词还有： what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever2 .以that, whether从属连词引导的主语从句It was true that he had made a mistake.That they will win the game is quite obvious.Whether he will join us won't make too much difference.他是否加入我们，没有太大的差别。3 .主语从句的引导词that什么时候可以省略当主语从句不太长时，引导词“that”可以省略It's clear (that) he has done his best.很明显他已经尽力而为了。It's a wonder (that) such a little boy survived the earthquake.真奇怪，这样一个小男孩在地震中幸存了。4 .以when等连接副词引导的主语从句When they will come hasn*t been clear.他们什么时候来还不清楚。Where she has gone is not known yet.她去了 哪儿，还不知道。Why he did it surprised all of us.为什么他做那件事使我们所有人大吃一惊。5 .虚拟语气：主语从句形容词为 necessary, important, impossible, strange, natural, essential 时，在 “It + be + 形容词或过去分词 +主语从句”中，主语从句要虚拟。It is necessary that the problem (should) be settled at once.立刻解决这个问题很有必要。It is strange that the great player (should) lose the game.太奇怪了,那位伟大的运动员竟然输了那场比赛。6 .主语从句与强调句的区别It's a pity that you lost your pet.主语从句It's in the market that I lost my pet.强调句It's the tall man that/who took my pet.强调句注意事项：1) .在主语从句中，把Itwasthat去掉之后，就已经完全不像一个句子了。2) .在强调句中，把It wasthat去掉之后，句子是完整的。3) .主语从句有以下的弓I 导词：what, who, whom, whose, which, whatever, whoever, whichever4) .强调句的引导词只有：that, who。二、宾语从句1 .在句子中起宾语作用的从句叫做宾语从句。宾语从句的引导词和主语从句的引导词相同。宾语从句 可以作及物动词的宾语，作短语动词的宾语、介词的宾语。2 .宾语从句：短语动词Please go and find out when the train will arrive.请去弄清楚火车什么时候到。His teacher said that Jim hadn't studied hard enough.老师说吉姆学习不够努力。That depends on how you make use of time.那得看你怎么利用时间。3 .宾语从句：及物动词Everybody knows that time is money.谁都知道时间就是金钱。Have you decided where you will go for the holiday?你有没有决定到什么地方去度假？4 .宾语从句：介词的宾语I am curious as to what they are going to do next.我对他们下一步打算做什么很感兴趣。The twin sisters differ only in that one is a bit taller than the other one.这对双胞胎姐妹的区别，仅仅在于其中一个比另一个稍高一点。I am interested in what she has done.我对她做过的事感兴趣。5 .宾语从句：否定的转移有些表示思想和感情的动词之后的宾语从句中的否定式可以注意到这些动词之前。I don't suppose you should go on a diet. = I suppose you shouldn't go on a diet.我想你不应该节食。I didn't expect she would win the game.= I expected she wouldnt win the game.我以为她不能赢得比赛。6 .虚拟语气：宾语从句一些含有假设、猜想、建议等意思的动词后面的宾语从句要用should+原形动词结构,should往往可以 省略。这类动词有：advice, arrange, command, demand, desire, insist, order, propose, require, request, suggest 等。I suggested that he study harder.我建议他学习努力一些。I insisted that he (should) go at once.我强调他应当立刻去。7 .宾语从句的省略引导宾语从句的that之后接的从句不长时，可以省略。如果that后面的宾语从句较长时，that不能省 略。I hope (that) youll enjoy your trip.我希望你享受你的旅途。三、表语从句表语是用来说明主语的身份、特征和状态的，它常位于联系动词(be,become,appear,seem等)之后。The problem is who will go to the meeting.The truth is that he failed the exam.This is what he said.这就是他所说的话。My question is whether you can come to my party.(表语从句中 whether 和 if 不能互换)表语从句中的that不能省略。四、同位语从句同位语从句用来对其前面的抽象名词进行解释说明。一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行修饰，限定或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是 同位语。同位语与被它限定的词的格式要一致，并常常紧挨在一起。同位语从句即重复说明同一个称谓或 事件的从句。The news that Yuan Longping passed away shocked us.The problem why he failed the exam upset him.他考试不及格的原因让他沮丧。The girls were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Great lakes.巨大的海轮可以开到五大湖，让表姐妹俩感到吃惊。1、在复合句中用作同位语的从句叫同位语从句。它一般跟在某些名词后面，用以说明该名词表示的具体内容。I heard the news that our team had won.我听到了我们队获胜的消息。2、可以跟同位语从句的名词通常有 news, idea, fact, promise, question, doubt, thought, hope, message, suggestion, words （消息），possibility, decision 等（一般的“抽象”名词都可用）。r ve come from Mr wang with a message that he won' t be able to see you this afternoon.五、名词性从句之重难点（一）that不可省略的情况1、主语从句，that 从句置于句首时：That he found a new job is clear.；2、当一个句子有两个或多个并列的宾语从句时，引导第二和以后几个从句的that不可省略；He said （that） he would leave Beijing and that he wanted to moved somewhere quieter.3、由it作形式宾语时，that引导的宾语从句中，that不可以省略。It's clear that he will be better after the treatment.（二）wh-ever 与 no matter wh-的用 法区别Wh-ever既可引导名词性从句，又可引导让步状语从句；而no matter wh-只能引导让步状语从句。Whatever you said is true.名词性从句Whatever/No matter what you say, Til never change my mind. 让步状语从句（三）as if/though, because, why可以引导表语从句注意：because引导的表语从句，主语不能是reason或cause,而且since, as不能引导表语从句。He failed the exam. That's because he didn't work hard.The reason why he failed the exam was that he didn't work hard.（四）that引导的同位语从句与关系代词that引导的定语从句的区别that引导的同位语从句成分是完整的，that在从句中不担当任何成分；that引导的定语从句成分是残缺的，that在从句中充当主语、宾语或表语。I heard the news that our team had won. 同位语I heard the news that was broadcast on the radio. 定语从句