2023届高三英语写作专项读后续写激化矛盾的五种方法讲义.docx
读后续写作文中微情节设置没有头绪?学会以下几种方式,让你不再无从下手。1 .描写对象的切换(1)独角戏和唱双簧唱双簧是指两个人的配合情节,需要不断地切换描写对象,避免因冷 落其中一方而造成描写失衡。同时,两个对象的描写交替出现,可以 有效地推动情节发展。由于独角戏只涉及一个人,所有无法进行描 写对象的切换。例:买铃寻亲【Pappy “And how can I help you, little lady?” Pappy's voice was joyful.Girl “Hello, sit." The little girl spoke almost in a whisper. She looked at Pappy with her big brown eyes, and then slowly scanned the room in search of something special. Shyly she told him, " I'd like to buy a present, sir.(2)群戏例:戒指是真的哦2020山东烟台高三一模】Crowd A crowd gathered, excitedly watching the two divers searching in the strong current. Police Nearby, two policemen were also waiting.警察敲击车窗领人的询问时间的声音”浦入Fairfax先生的脑海当警察开始敲车窗时,所有那些恼人的询问时间的声音都涌入了Fairfax先生的脑海。When the policeman started knocking at the car window, all thoseannoying voices askingabout time crowded into Mr .Fairfax's mind.(2)回忆动作心理动作回忆/反思看.同时做了某个动作 回忆/反思着,某人。Reflecting on what had happened,sb.使用要点:该句式如果用于文章开头,往往是负面回忆。如果用于文章结尾, 则往往是正面回忆。前半句中的“what had happened”可以用其他名词或从句替代,如 "Reflecting on the accident,44Reflecting on what the little girl had said”; 后半句中,可以安排某人做一个动作,同时用非谓语动词刻画细节的 肢体语言、表情等。标枪少年”前文情节:我一直都比较平庸,没有找到自己的特长。偶然一次在体育课上投标枪时,我发现自己竟然有此特长。心理动作回想有同学们的欢呼声我高兴地跳了起来回想着同学们的欢呼声,我不禁跳了起来,脸上绽开笑倚。Reflecting on the classmatesheersj couldn't help jumping, my face beaming with joy.微情节构建外界刺激心理琲常槽糕如果.就好了意识到自己身处如此绝望的境地后,某人心想,“如果我(没有) 就好了。”Realizing what a desperate situation sb.was in,sb. thought to oneself. If only I had (not) done.【使用要点】该句式一般在负面的情节中使用,描写主人公绝望、后悔的心理状7 o前半句不需要做改动,只需要在后半句的引号中构思一个主人公 “想做而未做”或者“不该做却做了”的动作,同时用虚拟语气呈现出来 即可。这在内容上可以帮助我们很好地利用原文中的素材。在原文出现的令主人公之后后悔的动作词是我们在使用这个句式 时需要着重关注的。“野狼追击”【2017浙江卷】前文情节:Mac在户外骑行时遇到了野狼的追击。意识到他的处境是如此令人绝望,Mac心想:“要是我待在家里就好 了。”Realizing what a desperate situation he was in, Mac thought to himself, “If only I had stayed at home.”前文我们提到要适时切换叙事的节奏,让文章在有限的篇幅内交代充 足的信息,同时详略有载。虽然大多数读后续写的叙事都是比较紧凑 连贯的,但是在有些文章中,确实会需要对叙事的时间进行一定的留 白,这就需要我们适时地按下“快进键”。同时,矛盾的升级需要时间,情绪的发酵需要时间,矛盾的解决也需 要时间。因此我们可以在有限的写作篇幅内,用“快进键”拉长矛盾持 续的时间,为后续的故事高潮蓄力。三种比较常用的句式:接下来的几分钟/几小时/几天就像过了好几年。The following minutes/hours/days felt like years.沉默/绝望持续了一段时间。Silence/Despair continued for some time.某人的大脑一片空白,直到某人才清醒过来With one's mind going blank, it was not until.Ring More than an hour passed but there was no sign of ring.Crowd The crowd gradually got impatient, staring to talk noisily.Gilleece Gilleece grew increasingly worried, Police, Prather especially when the policemen began questioning Prather, attempting to get him admit keeping the ring.2 .描写细节切换除了切换描写对象,我们还需要切换描写细节,避免出现“我说你说 他说”“我做你做这样单调的语言。这一点和编织“动作面”的思路一 致,可以“架设多台摄像机”,从动作、语言、环境等不同角度进行拍 摄,从而把丰富的素材连贯地衔接在一起,形成流畅而生动的画面。例1:“妈妈罢工”2020.山东省济南市高三第一次模拟考试】环境Mom7 s spot was nice and clean.【心理Arthur didn7 tlike the crumbs very much. After diner, Arthur1 s feet felt cold.动作He went to his room and opened his drawer, 【环境】but the drawer was empty.【语言】"Mom, where are my socks? ”Arthur called.例2:“上门老人”【2020福建省高三毕业班质量检查测试】【语言"oh, helo.Would you like to come in for tea?'理】Without a second thought,【(大)动作the old man stepped inside and【(小)动作held out a broken basket with several bruised(擦伤的)apples.【语言】“From my tree, “he said,【动作】removing a worn cap.【语言】“You might like to make a pie.,.长短句的切换同学们在初学写作时,往往句子都写不长,这使得文章读起来非常细 碎。但是在有了一定的语法基础之后,又容易走到另一个极端一通篇 都是长句。其实这两种情况都不可取:我们应该在长句中适当添加短 句,以增加句式长短的丰富性。长短句的交替会增加文章的可读性, 让长句变得更华丽,让短句变得更有力量。例 1: 【长】Holding the trumpet firmly, he seemed to see Louis' s eyes sparkling with happiness.【短】 He made it!译:他紧紧地握着小号,似乎看到Louis的眼晴里闪烁着幸福的光芒。 他成功了!例 2:【长】 Every night, as I lay there, I stared at the window and the curtains Ma made from empty flour sacks.【长】Sometimes the train stoppedfor someone else' s Pa coming home.【短】 Not mine, not yet. 翻译:每天晚上,当我躺在那里的时候,我都会盯着窗户和妈妈用空 面粉袋做的窗帘看。有时火车会停下来一让别人的爸爸回家。不是我 的,我的还没有。例 3:【长】Wolf pups are shy and cautious, and I didn' t have much hope of tricking them outside.【短】But I had to try.【长】So I began copying the squeak of a mother wolf calling heryoung.【短】 No response.翻译:狠崽既害羞又谨慎,我没什么把握把它们引诱出来。但我不得 不尝试一下。于是我开始模仿母狼叫幼崽的叫声。没有回应。3 .叙事节奏的切换在时间跨度较大的事件中,为了避免因节奏太快而导致内容空洞,或 者因节奏太慢而导致情节拖沓,我们要适时切换叙事的节奏,让文章 在有限的篇幅内叙述足够的信息,同时详略有致。【极快】By 1928,1'd been wandering for nine years.【快】I met a woman named Elzenia. 【快】 We fell in love, married and moved to Dallas, where I got work fixing roads for the city.慢When Amelia,the oldest of our seven children,first went to school,! took my wife aside. "Elzenia JI said/I donft want the kids to know I can't read or write.n翻译:截至1928年,我已经漂泊了九年了。我遇到了一个叫Elzenia 的女人。我们相爱,结婚,搬到了达拉斯,在那里我得到了一份为城 市修路的工作。当我们的七个孩子中的老大Amelia第一次上学的时 候,我把妻子拉到一边。"Elzenia, "我说,“我不想让孩子们知道我 不会读书写字。”4 .逻辑链的构建就像程序员输入一个程序,处理器才能进行运算、机器人才能运转起 来一样,在构建微情节时,我们也一定要注重情节的前因后果,搭建 整体的逻辑链:首先需要有来自外界的刺激,我们才能产生心理活动和情绪变化,从 而输出某个行为,而这个行为又会反馈给我们一个结果,进而让我们 产生新的心理活动和情绪变化。帏入处理.出gL反馈反应刎激,环境心理/情绪动作结果心理/情绪读后续写微情节之如何“激化矛盾,?在人与自然的话题下,矛盾的激化主要靠环境的恶化来展开;在人与自我的话题下,矛盾的激化主要靠过往回忆或外界刺激来展开;在人与社会的话题下,矛盾的激化主要由角色间的互动展开。1.愈演愈烈微情节构建不断恶化即将奔溃不知所措随着环境的恶化,某人快要崩溃了,完全不知道该怎么办。AsAVith +恶化的情况, sb. was on the verge of breaking down, totally at a loss.使用要点: 通过外在情况的恶化来衬托主人公负面的心理;句子后半部分不涉及具体情节,可直接使用,需要构思的只有“情 况恶化”这个部分;as是连词,可以接含有谓语动词的句子结构;with是介词,只能用 非谓语结构。“荒野求生”【2016.浙江卷】前文情节:Jane和丈夫出去玩,但是他两在路上吵架了,Jane一气 之下自己先走了,结果迷失在了丛林中。飞过来的直升机被树木遮挡 了,使她错过了获救机会,她想找一个空旷的地方求救。Paragraph 1 :But no more helicopter came and it was getting dark again.随着夜幕笼罩,Jane快要崩溃了,完全不知道怎么办。例句: As the night swept the forest, Jane was on the verge of breaking down, totally at a loss what to do.2 .希望渐微微情节构建动作结果已经使出浑身解数情况没有好转(1)尽管某人已经绝望地了,(情况没有好转)。Despite sb desperate (doing) sth.,.(2)尽管某人已经使出了浑身解数,.(情况没有好转)。Every possible trick though/as sb. had attempted,使用要点:用来渲染主人公的绝望心理;需要构思的“情况没有好转”这个部分。“火灾时救老人”【2020.福建莆田一中高二上学期期末】前文情节:Tom家楼下的汽车店发生了火灾,Tom和姐姐赶紧从家 里逃出来。在逃生的途中,Jane折回公寓去救一个独居的老人,Tome 也跟了回去。他们使劲敲门大喊。Paragraph 1 :Tom noticed the flame was reaching up.例句:他们疯狂的敲门/他们使出了浑身解数,但依然没人回应。Despite their desperate punding at the door, there was no answer.Every possible trick though they had attempted, there was no answer.3 .食不知味微情节构建客观环境很好主观感知很差虽然环境.(客观事实),但是在某人看来.(主观感知)。Although + 环境 +was+adj., it seemed+adj./ n. +to sb.adj.+though/as +环境 +was, it seemed+adj./ n. +to sb.使用要点: 客观事实要和主观感知形成“正负”对比。“女儿的电话”前文情节:我接到女儿的电话后,焦急地跑去女儿的房间。走廊的路很短 在我看来很长例句:虽然走廊的路很短,但在我看来却无比漫长。Although the path of the corridor was short, it seemed such a long way to me.Short as /though the path of the corridor was, it seemed such a long way to me.4.回忆如潮微情节构建当.时婕的回忆刺激回忆当时,所有那些.的回忆都涌入了某人的脑海中。When., all those adj.+memories/things crowded into one's mind.使用要点:该句式如果用于文章开头,往往是负面回忆。如果用于文章结尾, 则往往是正面回忆。©memories/, things可以借用从句拓展具体的内容,如“all those things that happened to me when I was a substitute teacher crowded into my mind",当然如果原文并没有详细的内容可供参考,也可以简化为 good/bad memories。回忆的描述:可以找原文中正面或负面的形容词,如“miserable”"wonderful”等,直接用于描述回忆;也可以用曾出现过的 具体的人、事、物来替代回忆。“现在几点? ”前文情节:凌晨时分,连续开车很久的Fairfax先生感觉太累,就把 车停在路边,打算在车里打个盹儿。但是不断有人敲车窗问他时间, 他就在车窗上贴了张告示,上面写着“我不知道现在几点”,结果警察 来了。