UNIT2【课堂小测】语言知识拓展阅读话题写作-2022-2023高一英语单元课堂小测及知识能力提升练（必修第三册）（牛津译林版2020）.docx

Unit 2 Natural disasters （必修第三册）单元整体分析单元主题本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是自然灾害与防御，涉及的语篇类型有视 频、新闻报道、短故事、小说节选、信息文件夹等。本单元的教学旨在帮助学 生认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，掌握在遇到自然灾害时自救知识。核心素养(1)语言能力：掌握和运用与自然灾害以及自救知识相关的词汇、语法等知识；(2)文化意识：了解自然灾害的类型、危害和逃生知识；从文学作品中了解火山爆发导致庞培古城消亡的历史；(3)思维品质：正确认识自然灾害并学会如何自救；(4)学习能力：续写关于洪灾的故事；合作完成关于救援方法的信息文件夹。课时安排第一讲语言知识(1课时)第二讲 拓展阅读(1课时)第三讲话题写作(1课时)第一讲语言知识一、教学流程活动一核心词汇问题：本单元有哪些与主题话题相关的核心词汇？这些词汇如何变形？词汇教学该如何与高考对接？请根据句意或所给提示词用适当形式填空。1. Last Saturday, I went fishing with my fellows, only to have my left foot （injure）.2. If envy is allowed to grow violently, it's（destroy） to all excellence.3. Her mother hugged her tightly and spoke with （relieve）, "Let's go home.”4. The trapped hiker（发出信号）wildly for help but unfortunately nobody noticed.5. A small plane（坠毁）into a hillside five miles east of the city, killing all four people on boardi6. The couple（拥抱）each other when they heard the exciting news.7. This has led companies and individuals to （捐赠）money to developing countries.8. （位置在）on the northeast coast of China, Dalian has a good transport system.9. The government has （提供）the local people with plenty of food and clothes.8. B文章来源题。文章介绍了澳大利亚森林火灾的相关情况。政府因为对森林大火和气候政策反应不足， 受到民众的批评；还介绍了森林大火造成的损失和引起大火的原因分析。文章应该是来自于新闻网站上关 于澳大利亚森林大火的新闻报道。故选B项。活动二七选五【语篇类型】说明文【核心素养】思维品质、文化意识There are now six fires burning at emergency levels in Australia. The smoke is so intense and so thick it can be seen from space. 2,000 homes have been destroyed. Six million hectares of land charred, leading to death of the nation's wildlife.2 They are lightning strikes, winds and people who set fire deliberately. But one of the biggest reasons they've become so extreme, is the same reason as East Africa flood. Bushfires in Australia are a natural part of the country's ecosystem. 3 Even New South Wales, with the largest population, is used to breaking out. In 1974, fires burned 3.5 million hectares, and in 2003, another 2 million hectares were lost to fire. But the fires that started in 2019 are even worse:4.9 million hectares in New South Wales have burned already-and it's only going to grow.4 For starters, as the world is getting warmer from climate change, so is Australia. 2019 was its hottest year on record, with parts of the country reaching 45 degrees Celsius in December. 2019 was also its driestthe places here in gray have seen historic droughts. 5 Throughout the year, other large-scale climate drivers affect Australia's weather, and its likeliness to bum. One of the most influential is the Indian Ocean Dipole （彳禺极 子）, or the IOD. The IOD is a big temperature gradient that affects the surface water in the Indian Ocean, from the edge of Africa to the edge of Australia.A. This is just heartbreaking.B. So why is this fire season so awful?C. Their "fire season varies across regions.D. The fire season is awful because of the unknown reason.E The ecosystem of the country needs to be improved.F. These record-breaking bushfires in Australia have been started by the following.G. Together, that provides the perfect conditions for bushfires to start and spread quickly.【答案】1-5 AFCBG【详解】【文章导读】本文是一篇说明文。目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。2000座房屋被毁。600万 公顷土地被烧焦，导致该国野生动物死亡。文章分析了造成澳大利亚这些破纪录的森林大火的原因，以及 此次火灾尤其严重的原因。1 .Ao根据上文可知目前澳大利亚有6处火灾处于紧急状态。根据后文可知烟雾如此强烈，如此浓厚，从太 空都能看到。2000座房屋被毁。600万公顷土地被烧焦，导致该国野生动物死亡。由此可知，本句应当 是对这次火灾的评价，这次澳大利亚火灾破坏严重，令人心碎。故选A项。2 .Fo根据后文可知它们是雷击、风和故意放火的人。但它们变得如此极端的最大原因之一，是和东非的洪 水一样的原因。由此可知，本段在分析造成此次澳大利亚大火的原因。F项符合上下文语境，故选F项。3 .C。根据前文可知澳大利亚的丛林火灾是该国生态系统的一个自然组成部分。以及后文可知即使是人口最 多的新南威尔士州，也习惯于突发火灾。由此可知，本句是在说明澳大利亚的火灾频发季节是因地区而 不同的。C项符合上下文语境，故选C项。4 . Bo根据后文可知首先，随着气候变化导致全球变暖，澳大利亚也在变暖。2019年是有记录以来最热的 一年，该国部分地区在12月达到了 45摄氏度。2019年也是澳大利亚最干燥的一年这里灰色地 带经历了历史性的干旱。由此可知，后文是在分析此次澳大利亚火灾这么严重的原因。B项符合上下文 语境，故选B项。5 . G根据上一题的解释可知首先，随着气候变化导致全球变暖，澳大利亚也在变暖。2019年是有记录以 来最热的一年，该国部分地区在12月达到了 45摄氏度。2019年也是澳大利亚最干燥的一年这里 灰色地带经历了历史性的干旱。由此可知，本句承接上文进行总结，正是上述的这些条件促使了森林大火 的爆发和迅速蔓延。G项符合上下文语境，故选G项。二、教学建议.指导学生在阅读过程中归纳段落大意、分析长难句、猜测词义等；1 .引导学生总结归纳所选语篇的大意、写作目的、作者的情感态度；3,引领学生关注语篇主题语境与相关话题，理解自然灾害的产生情况，了解突发事件的避险措施。第三讲话题写作一、教学流程问题：本单元话题写作重点训练应用文。活动一词块积累major in.1.主修专业2.（可）胜任2.（可）胜任be qualified for.3 .精通/对掌握熟练have a good command/knowledge of.4 .申请apply for5.与相处融洽5.与相处融洽get along well with.6.对乐观be optimistic about.7.和谐的人际关系a harmonious interpersonal relationship8.满足你们的资历要求8.满足你们的资历要求meet your qualifications9 .在方面有丰富的经验10 .在方面有丰富的经验have rich experience in./be experienced in.11 .在你方便的时候进行面谈have a personal interview at your convenience12 .开阔眼界broaden ones vision/horizons13 .责任感/成就感a sense of responsibility/achievement活动二应用文假定你是李华，你校英文社团正在招募英文志愿者周日为外国来访者讲解校史。请你用英文写一封申请信参与招募，内容包括：1 .写信目的；2 .个人优势；3 .希望被录取。注意：1 .写作词数为80左右；2 .请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。To whom it may concern,Yours,Li Hua【设计意图】让学生了解并掌握申请信的写作方法。【参考范文】To whom it may concern,I'm Li Hua and Pm writing to apply for the position as a student volunteer.Firstly, I am an outgoing girl and I can get along well with others. Besides, I have such a good command of English that I am elected as an assistant to my English teacher. In addition, I am very familiar with the history of our school, which will help me to introduce our school to foreign visitors.I will be grateful if you could give me a kind consideration. Looking forward to your reply.Yours,Li Hua二、教学建议.相关词块的积累主要靠学生的智慧，不能靠教师个人的简单呈现;1 .作文批改可以采用学生自评、同学互评和教师点评等相结合的多样化方式;10. Luckily, the little girl was (营救)from the fire by a kind-hearted man. 【答案】1. injured2. destructive 3. relief4. signalled5. crashed6. hugged7. donate8. Located 9. supplied10. rescued活动二重点短语 问题：本单元中有哪些重要短语和固定搭配?如何更好地运用这些短语和搭配？ 根据句意选择方框中所给短语并用适当形式填空。occur to;at large; safe and sound;keep one's head;far and wide;run out of; take the form of;break out1. The police and villagers searched for the missing boy.2. The training program I joined last summer a series of workshops.3. Much to their parents9 relief, the boys eventually came home,.4. It never me how tough it was to begin a new life in a strange city.5. Mr White can in any emergency; he is never likely to panic.【答案】1. far and wide2. took the form of3. safe and sound4. occurred to5. keep his head活动三必备句型问题：本单元有哪些学生必备实用句型？如何有效梳理这些实用句型？如何操练这些句型并实际运用在写作 中？课文原句(1)尽管目前整个灾区的伤亡数字是7人死亡，200多人受伤，但只有5名学生受了轻伤。与此同时，布朗小姐迅速打开了教室的门，以防它在晃动中受损而打不开。仿写句子(3). The moment the shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape. 震动一停止，布朗小姐就感觉到这是全班同学逃跑的最佳时机。仿写：我一到北京就感到耳目一新。(4 ) That morning, I turned on the TV for some local news, only to hear that a hurricane was on its way.那天 早上，我打开电视机看地方新闻，结果听到飓风就要来临的消息。仿写：他急匆匆赶到车站，结果被告知火车已经开走了。翻译句子(5)他内疚的表情证实了我的猜疑。(6)地址若有变动请随时通知我们。自选佳句【答案】Only 5 students suffered minor/slight injuries, despite the current figures of 7 killed and over 200 injured in the disaster area at large.(1) At the same time, Miss Brown quickly opened the classroom door, in case it became damaged during the shaking and could not open.(2) I found myself in an entirely new world the moment I arrived in Beijing.(3) He hurried to the station only to be told that the train had left.(4) His guilty expression confirmed my suspicions.(5) Please inform us of any changes of address.活动四单元语法：不定式做定语和结果状语问题：与本单元语法“不定式做定语和结果状语”相关的规则有哪些？1 .基础知识It's +adj. +for sb. to do sth.It's +adj. + of sb. to do sth.It is + n. (a pity, a pleasure, one's duty, a shame, good/ bad manners.) + to do sth.It takes + some time (hours, months, days, patience.) + to do sth.用不带to的不定式做宾补的动词有：一感：feel 二听：hear, listen to 三让：let, make, have五看: see, watch, notice, look at, observe(3)当句子的主语是aim, idea, wish, task, duty, purpose等或者主语是what引导的名词性从句时，后面可以用 不定式做表语，用以说明主语所包含内容。My dream is to go to Peking University.What he wishes is to buy a good birthday present for his mother every year.(4)不定代词或被序数词、形容词最高级或only, last, next等修饰的名词可以用不定式作定语。She was the only person to survive after the earthquake.He's always the first to come and the last to leave.This is the best book to read.(5)定式作状语 表示目的(to /in order to /so as to do sth.)> 结果(only /just to do sth.)等2.单句语法填空1. The plum trees are the first(flower) even as the snow is melting (融化).2. The news reporters hurried to the airport, only(tell) the film stars had left.3. The meeting(hold) next week is sure to be a great success.4. Scientists all over the world are seeking a good way(prevent) depression.5. Volunteering gives you a chance(change) lives, including your own.6. T m going to Xi'an next week. Do you have anything(take) to your parents?7.1 believe I'll make new friends, and there is a lot(explore) at senior high.8. Another Weibo user wrote, "Thank you fbr giving me an opportunity(appreciate) the landscape in the countryside.9. Allen had to call a taxi because the box was much too heavy(carry) all the way home.10. In my opinion, he is the right person(do) the job.【答案】to flower (2) to be told (3) to be held (4) to prevent (5) to change(6) to be taken (7) to explore (8) to appreciate (9) to carry (10) to do3.语篇填空Yu Ming was born in a mountain village. As a child,he had a dream (1)(go) to college. But his family was too poor (2)(send) him to the primary school. Thanks to his kind neighbors, he was able to go to school. But sometimes he had no pencils to write (3)and no paper to write (4), and he had no choice but (5) (practice) on the ground. He studied hard and was always the first student (6) (enter) the classroom and the last to leave, so he did very well at school. The first time he took the National Entrance Examination, he thought it was a very good opportunity for him (7) (exhibit) his performance. As expected, all went well, and he was admitted to a famous university. As a result, he became the first student (8)(attend) university in his village. Since graduation, he has devoted all his energies to making money and now he has been a successful businessman. He has a strong desire (9)(help) the poor children to have a chance (10)(go) to school.【答案】(1) to go(2) to send (3) with(4) on(5) to practice(6) to enter (7) to exhibit (8) to attend (9) to help(10) to go二、教学建议1 .培养学生自主梳理、复习本单元主题相关的重点词汇、短语的能力，促使学生更好地运用这些语言知识;.加强重点句型和自选佳句的诵读，为写作输出积累基础；2 .鼓励学生在情境中理解与使用语法规则进行意义表达；.引导学生回归课本，读熟单元中的话题语篇，积累与话题相关的素材。第二讲拓展阅读一、教学流程活动一阅读理解问题1.如何通过群文阅读让学生了解突发的自然灾害，形成安全意识，坚定保护环境的信念？问题2.如何通过语篇阅读，训练学生的阅读策略？A【语篇类型】新闻报道【核心素养】思维品质、文化意识The worst outbreak of desert locusts (蝗虫)in decades is presently underway in the Horn of Africa. It is the biggest of its kind in 25 years for Ethiopia and Somalia - and the worst Kenya has seen for 70 years.What we are seeing in East Africa today is unlike anything we've seen in a very long time. Its destructive potential is enormous, and it's taking place in a region where farmers need every gram of food to feed themselves and their families. Most of the countries hardest hit are those where millions of people are already vulnerable (脆弱 的)or in serious humanitarian need, as they endure the impact of violence, drought, and floods.We have acted quickly to respond to this outbreak. The primary method of battling locusts is the aerial spraying of pesticides (杀虫剂).FAO's “Locust Watch" service explains that "although giant nets, flamethrowers,lasers, and huge vacuums have been proposed in the past, these are not in use for locust control. People and birds often eat locusts but usually not enough to significantly reduce population levels over large areas.”The UN's Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs has released $10 million from its Central Emergency Relief Fund to fund a huge scale-up in aerial operations to manage the outbreak.But the window to contain this crisis is closing fast. We only have until the beginning of March to bring this infestation under control as that is when the rain and planting season begins. If left unchecked - and with expected additional rains - locust numbers in East Africa could increase 500 times by June.We must act now to avoid a full-blown catastrophe. And we will. At the same time, we need to pay attention to a bigger picture. This is not the first time the Greater Horn of Africa has seen locust outbreak approach this scale, but the current situation is the worst in decades. This is linked to climate change. Warmer seas mean more tropical storms, generating the perfect breeding conditions for locusts.1. What is implied in paragraph 2?A. People in East Africa are suffering drought.B. People in East Africa are going through floods.C. The locust outbreak will cause crop failure.D. The locust outbreak is worsening locals, life.2. What can we learn from the last paragraph?A. We need a bigger picture to study the disaster.B. It is the second outbreak of locusts in East Africa.C. It is the largest outbreak of locusts ever in history.D. The outbreak of locusts is fueled by global warming.3. What is the purpose of the text?B. To inform and call for.D. To introduce and assess.B. A health magazine.D. A chemistry paper.A. To analyse and compare.C. To argue and discuss.4. Where does the text probably come from?A. A guidebook.C. A news report.【答案】1-4 DDBC【详解】文章导读本文是一篇说明文。主要讲述了非洲之角目前正在发生数十年来最严重的沙漠蝗虫爆发，并 呼吁我们必须立即采取行动，避免发生全面的灾难.LD细节理解题。根据第二段的内容可知，第二段说明了蝗虫的爆发正在恶化当地人的生活。故选D项。2.D细节理解题。根据最后一段最后一句可知，全球变暖加剧了蝗虫的爆发。故选D项。3.B目的意图题。浏览全文可知，作者告知我们非洲之角目前正在发生数十年来最严重的沙漠蝗虫爆发。故选B项。4. C文章来源题。本文主要讲述了非洲之角目前正在发生数十年来最严重的沙漠蝗虫爆发，并呼吁我们必须 立即采取行动，避免发生全面的灾难。可能来自新闻报道。故选C项。【语篇类型】新闻报道【核心素养】思维品质、文化意识Australia's Prime Minister Scott Morrison has expressed regret over his handling of the bushfire crisis damaging the country. The PM has faced mounting criticism over his governmenfs response to the bushfires and its climate policy.Since September, bushfires have killed at least 28 people and destroyed thousands of homes. Mr Morrison's government has been accused of not doing enough to address climate change, which experts say could increase the intensity, frequency and scale of bushfires.But in the interview, the PM defended his government's approach, which he said took into account the effect of climate change on the bushfires.Each year there is a fire season during the Australian summer, with hot, dry weather making it easy for blazes （火焰）to start and spread. Natural causes are to blame most of the time, like lightning strikes in drought-affected forests. Humans can also be to blame. NSW police have charged at least 24 people with deliberately starting bushfires, and have taken legal action against 183 people for fire-related offenses since November, according to a police statement.Bushfire conditions eased on Saturday, giving firefighters a temporary short break in areas where blazes are still raging. But authorities have warned that the huge fires, spurred by high temperatures, wind and a three-year drought, will persi