2022届河南省名校联盟高三下学期5月高考冲刺压轴（一）英语试题.docx

2022届河南省名校联盟高三下学期5月高考冲刺压轴（一）英语试题注意事项：1 .本卷满分150分，考试时间120分钟。答题前，先将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在试题卷 和答题卡上，并将准考证号条形码粘贴在答题卡上的指定位置。2 .选择题的作答：每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。写 在试题卷、草稿纸和答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。3 .非选择题的作答：用签字笔直接答在答题卡上对应的答题区域内。写在试题卷、草稿纸和 答题卡上的非答题区域均无效。4 .考试结束后，请将本试题卷和答题卡一并上交。第一部分听力（共两节，满分30分）第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段 对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。1. What is the man's favorite program?A. Sports.B. History. C. Nature.2. What will the man do for the woman?A. Call for an ambulance. B. Deal with an accident. C. Lend his phone to her.3. What does the woman think of wearing the seatbelt?A. Unimportant. B. Comfortable. C. Necessary.4. How does the man probably feel?A. Excited. B. Scared. C. Amused.5. Who does the laptop belong to?A. Tom. B. Jack. C. Alice.第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有儿个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选 项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作 答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。6. How many stops are there before the man gets to his destination?A. Ten. B. Twelve. C. Fourteen.7. Where does the conversation probably take place?A. On the Great Wall. B. In a store. C. On a bus.听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。8. What does the man ask for at first?A. Orange juice.B. Ice cream. C. Fried chicken.9. What does the man say about the French fries?A. They are cold. B. They are tasty. C. They are too hot.10. What is the most probable relationship between the speakers?A. Old friends. B. Husband and wife. C. Waitress and customer.M: How many stops before I get there?W: Twelve stops.M: How long will it take?W: If there is no traffic jam, it takes about forty minutes.M: Thank you very much.(Text 7)W: Oh, Henry, I haven't seen you for ages. Come on in, please. Let me take your coat. How are you getting along?M: Very well, thank you.W: Please take a seat. Everything will be ready in a minute.M: Can you bring me a glass of orange juice, please? Fm quite thirsty.W: Here you are. Here's your cocktail, salad, fried chicken, French fries and ice cream. Help yourself to the chicken while it's hot.M: Wow! They are great. Can you pass the pepper?W: Here you are. Taste the French fries.M: They are delicious.W: Would you like some more?M: No more. Thank you.W: Let's bottoms up.(Text 8)M: Fd like a double room.W: Do you have a reservation?M: Yes, I called you last week from New York. My name is George Lee.W: Wait a second, please. Yes, Mr. Lee. We have a room reserved for you. How long do you plan to stay?M: Probably two days. My wife will join me tomorrow. Then well decide when to leave for Seattle.W: Would you sign the register please?M: Yes. By the way, does my room come with a private bath?W: Certainly. Every room in this hotel has a private bathM: Does my room have twin beds or a double? I prefer a room with twin beds.W: Your room has twin beds, Mr. Lee. It also has a view. I'm sure you'll like it. This is your key. It's on the 8th floor, Room 801. The elevator is over there.M: Thank you. One more thing, where is your restaurant?W: The restaurant is on the second floor. We also have a cafeteria on the top floor. If you would like something to drink, you can either call room service or come down here. The bar is right behind the lobby.M: Thank you. You're very kind.W: You're welcome.(Text 9)W: Hi, excuse me. I'm sorry to bug you, but do you know where the Royal Hotel is?M: Just a minute. You walk down this street. You turn left at the first crossing. Walk along that road. Turn right at the corner. After that you make a left-hand turn at the first traffic light. The Royal Hotel is on the right side.W: Great! Are there any landmarks nearby?M: Yeah, I think so. I think the hotel is right across the street from the post office. It s as plain as the hump on a camel. You can't miss it.W: Oh, thafs good. I should be able to find it pretty easily then. Is it far from here?M: Yeah, it's going to take you a while if you go on foot. I'd say it*s about a 30-minute uphillwalk. You havetobeas strong as a lion to make it.W: Oh, that would take too long and I'm kind of in a hurry. Can I take a bus there?M: Well, you could take a bus there, but you would have to transfer buses twice. A taxi would probablybealotquicker.W: All right. Speed comes first. Thank you.(Text 10)M: The blues developed in the southern United States from the music of the black people who were brought from Africa and forced to work as slaves on southern plantations. The earliest form of the blues was work songs-that was the musical form of communication among slaves. The name blues comes from the loneliness and sorrow typically expressed in the song words. The blues started out with only human voices involved, but over time, musicians began to use musical instruments to perform together with blues singers. There have been many famous blues singers in modern history. Bessie Smith, who is often referred to as "the empress of the blues', was definitely one of the best among them. Her rich and powerful voice gave her such great confidence that she refused to use microphone in live performances. Bessie had made 160 recordings in her short life. She died at age 43 on September 26, 1937, after being severely hurt in a car accident. Many critics believe that Bessie Smith's songs have typified the “earthiness" and “realism" of the blues.参考答案1-5ACCBB 6- 10 BCABA 11 - 15 ACCAB1620 ABACB【答案与解析】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四本令人爱不释手的书。21. A 细节理解题。根据 Flowers for Algernon 部分 “He'll show you how a person who is mentally disabled.v 可知，Daniel Keyes的书是关于一个智力障碍人士的故事。22. B 推理判断题。根据 Orphans of the Sky 部分 u A giant generation ship is sailing without guidance through the depths of the universe.v可知，本书是讲述一艘太空船行驶在太空深处时发生的故事，再结合后文的that imaginary spaceship可推断，这是一部科幻小说。23. D 细节理解题。根据 95 Pounds of Hope 部分 u Referring to a real person's experiences”可知，这本书 是作者根据真人的真实经历写的，这是它与其他三本书不同的地方。【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要通过具体事例介绍了推行校园园艺所面临的问题及其应对方法。24. D 代词指代题。根据第段 uSchool gardening has become very popular. ” 及 uFinding the money to keep a school garden going can be tough.?可知，画线词指代“校园园艺”。25. A推理判断题。根据第二段Susan Hobart所说的话创建校园花园是让孩子们去户外的好方法。园 艺帮助学生保持镇静，让他们获得一个完全不同的思维方式，这是他们在教室里无法获得的。由此可推断,Susan Hobart的话主要表明校园园艺对学生有益。26. B 推理判断题。根据第三段"Each spring, the schoofs program gets plant seedlings （秧苗）grown through a training program at a nearby prison. A church group comes during spring break to prepare the garden for the children's return. Over the summer, a volunteer takes care of the garden." 及 “'If you take a look at your relationships and the community around you and then all the wider networks out there, there are plenty of creative ways to find help”可推断，Lake View Elementary School通过寻求社会支持来经营和管理学校的花园。27. A 细节理解题。根据最后一段 “ 'We are located in the Bronx, where there are basically wall-tor wall six story apartments. There's limited space. / "可知，the Bronx的校园园艺所面临的问题是缺少进行园艺活动的 空间。【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了高中生Dasia Taylor如何发明一种可用于诊断手术伤口是否感染的缝 合线。28. A 细节理解题。根据第二段 “The 17-yearold student at Iowa City West High School began working on the project in October 2019, after her chemistry teacher Carolyn Waling shared information about state-wide science fairs with the class.可知，DasiaTaylor开始着手她的发明是为了参加科学展。29. B写作意图题。通读第三段可知，第三段主要介绍了 DasiaTaylor的发明所基于的科学知识。由此可推 断，第三段主要是为该发明提供了科学支撑。30. C 细节理解题。根据第五段”Next, Taylor had to find a suture thread that would hold the dye. She found ten different materials, including standard suture thread, and tested them.” 可知I,为了找到合适的缝合线，Dasia Taylor测试了不同材质的线。31. D 推理判断题。根据最后一段 “I think it's amazing that this young high school scientist was inspired to work on a solution to address this problem, 'the surgeon writes in an email. 'A product that could detect early surgical site infections would be extremely valuable.,v可推断，Kathryn Chu 高度赞扬了 DasiaTaylor 的发明。【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。研究发现，城市周围的哺乳动物的体型在不断变大。本文主要探讨了其变大的原因及 人类该如何保护现存的哺乳动物。32. C 细节理解题。根据第一段".yet recent research has found many mammals （哺乳动物）living near cities have become steadily larger, both in length and in weight. ” 及第二段“warmer temperatures usually benefit mammals that have a smaller, more energy-saving figure-a principle of biology known as Bergmann's rule." 可 知，最近的研究发现，许多生活在城市附近的哺乳动物，无论是在长度还是体重上，都在稳步变大。而这 与被称为伯格曼氏定律的生物学原理（即更高的温度通常有利于体型更小、更节能的哺乳动物）不相符， Robert Guralnick对这个发现感到意外。33. B 细节理解题。根据第四段 “In and around cities with large populations, where high-energy human foods are more widely available and hunters are fewer and farther in between, new research discovered that most of the mammal species studied appear to be growing in size, not shrinking. ” 可知，许多居住在城市附近的哺乳动物体 型变大是因为他们有更多的食物且画临的威胁更少。34. C 细节理解题。根据最后一段的内容，尤其是 “If we want to preserve the mammals that exist today for the future, it's important that we know how human civilization is shaping their size, behavior and well-being.v可知, 如果我们想要保护现存的哺乳动物，我们需要努力了解人类文明会如何影响哺乳动物。35. D标题判断题。通读全文，尤其是文章第一段“yet recent research has found many mammals (哺乳动 物)living near cities have become steadily larger, both in length and in weight.”可矢口,文章主要是围绕“城市 周围的哺乳动物的体型变大”展开的。【答案与解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了让个人具有魅力的四种个性特征。36. G 根据空前 uThere is something many people gets wrong about attraction.,及空后 “The reality is that attraction usually has more to do with personality characteristics than appearance.“可知，G 项“他们认为他们 必须看起来漂亮才能被别人接受”符合。37. F 根据空前的内容,尤其是“Have control over your emotions (情绪)."及“Allow yourself to think about what youTe going to say.”可知，F项“花点时间冷静下来，重新组织你的想法”符合。38. D 根据空前"It's not what happens to us that makes us feel stressed. ” 及空后 “Every time you laugh at yourself, you decide to minimize something that could affect you negatively.可知，D 项“景2响我们的是我们 如何应对发生在我们身上的事情”符合。39. A 根据空后的内容，尤其是 When you show your warmth/,及 uA warm person.可知，A 项“要做 一个温暖的人”符合。40. B 根据空前 “Give plenty of space. ”及空后 “They don!t let others breathe. Instead, those who let others have their space when they need it are extremely attractive. ” 可知，B 项"控制欲强的人没有吸引力”符合。【答案与解析】本文是一篇记叙文。一位名叫Nzambi Matee的女士创建了一家公司，她率领公司人员使用塑料垃圾生产 一种质优价廉的砖块。此举将塑料垃圾变废为宝，从而减少了环境污染。41. B她厌倦了闲坐着(sitting around),等待着政府解决所有关于塑料污染(pollution)的问题。42. C见上题解析。43.B最开始的时候，她的团队把塑料垃圾进行分类，然后出售(sell)给其他回收公司。44 .D然而(however),当他们收集(collected)的塑料垃圾超过回收公司能够接受的量的时候，他们开始 跳出常规思维。45 .A见上题解析。46 . C他们发现了一种制造(create)塑料砖块的方法。47 .A甚至更好的是，它们比传统的砖块更实惠(affordable),价格大约是传统砖的十分之一。48 . B ”只有很少部分的塑料垃圾被回收利用(recycled)o". A "最初(Originally),大部分工厂不得不付费处理(deal with)垃圾，但是现在我们解决了他们的问 题(problem)。"49 .C见上题解析。5LB见第49题解析。52. C这些创新的砖块(bricks)被用来建造车道、人行道和道路，但Nzambi的目标(goal)是有一天创造 出一些可以用于建筑施工的砖块。53. D见上题解析。54. C不过她的公司现在已经在发挥巨大的作用(difference) 了。55. D “我们现在有能力每天生产(produce) 1000到1500块砖。”A "到目前为止我们已经回收了 20吨的塑料垃圾，我们正在考虑(considering)到明年年底把这个量提iWj到50吨。”56. D Gjenge Makers公司的部分使命是首先减少(reduce)肯尼亚的垃圾污染，然后减少整个非洲的垃圾 污染。57. A不过他们有更加雄心勃勃的(ambitious)长远目标。58. B他们想激励(motivate)其他人或公司在不同的地方做类似的(similar)事情。59. D见上题解析。【答案与解析1本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了庐山风景区的概况以及两个重要景点五老峰和三叠泉。60. t。考查冠词。“appeal to”意为“对有吸引力”，为固定短语。61. height考查词形转换。根据空前的冠词a可知，此处用所给形容词的名词。62. wonderful考查词形转换。根据并列的形容词elegant和impressive以及空后被修饰的名词highlights 可知，此处用所给名词的形容词。63. spots考查名词复数。根据空后的谓语动词include可知，此处用所给名词的复数。64. which考查定语从句。分析句子结构可知，该空引导的是一个非限制性定语从句，从句缺少主语，先 行词是Wulao Feng,故此处用关系代词whichobe rewarded考查被动语态。根据句意可知，动词reward与主语you存在动宾关系，故此处用被动语态, 又因为空前有will,故此处用be rewardedo65. lies考查动词的时态和主谓一致。根据并列的谓语动词drops可知，此处用所给动词的第三人称单数形 式。66. falling考查非谓语动词。分析句子成分可知，此处用所给动词的非谓语动词，动词fall与其逻辑主语 snow存在逻辑上的主谓关系，故此处用所给动词的现在分词；falling down to the pond是现在分词短语作 后置定语，修饰名词snowoto be考查非谓语动词。be thought to be意为“被认为是”，为固定用法。67. a考查冠词。根据句意“常言道，如果你在庐山风景区错过了三叠泉，那么你就不是一位真正的游客”, 故此处用不定冠词a。短文改错Last week, our class holds a discussion about that a family should own a car or not. Here are theheldwhetherresults. Many students think it's necessary for a family to owning a car because it's convenient, fast orownandcomfortable. With a car, family member can go to many places together at any time. A car is especially membersimportant when a family faces emergencies. On A contrary, some students think that buying a car istheunnecessary for a family. A family has to pay a lot ef to keep a car in good condition. Beside, parking cars can Besidesbe really annoyed. In my opinion, a family should think careful before buying a car.annoyingcarefully书面表达One possible version:Dear Mr. White,I'm glad to tell you I performed well in the English Drama Competition held in our city last week. Undoubtedly, I should extend my sincere gratitude to you.Honestly speaking, I couldn't have done such a good job without your help and encouragement. Every time I practised my part, you accompanied me, pointed out where I could improve, and told me how to do it better. Once I felt discouraged, you gave me an encouraging hug, which inspired me a lot.Thanks to you, I made my best performance. Pm wondering if it is convenient for you to come to my home so that I can cook authentic Chinese food for you as a treat. Looking forward to your reply.Yours sincerely,Li Hua 听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。11. What did the man do last week?A. He made a reservation for a room.B. He lived in the hotel for two days.C. He traveled to Seattle with his wife.12. What is the man*s room like?A. It has a bar inside. B. It has two baths. C. It has twin beds.13. Where is the cafeteria?A. On the second floor. B. On the eighth floor. C. On the top floor. 听第9段材料，回答第14至16题。14. Why does the woman talk to the man?A. To ask for directions. B. To recommend a hotel to him. C. To invite him to go sightseeing.15. Where is the Royal Hotel?A. Near the first crossing. B. Opposite the post office. C. At the second traffic light 16. How will the woman go to the Royal Hotel?A. By taxi. B. On foot. C. By bus. 听第10段材料，回答第17至20题。17. What did the earliest form of the blues function as among slaves?A. Timing. B. Communication. C. Rules for survival.18. What did the blues start out with?A. Human voices. B. Musical instruments. C. Birds* sounds.19. What is Bessie Smith?A. A popular pianist. B. A great historian. C. A famous blues singer.20. When did Bessie Smith pass away?A. In 1894. B.In 1937. C. In 1980.第二部分阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。AAbsolutely Unputdownable Books You Have to ReadFlowers for AlgernonDaniel KeyesIf you're seeking a fast read, try this short story by Daniel Keyes. He'll show you how a person who is mentally disabled feels while going from a simple gatekeeper at a bakery, whose IQ is less than 60, to a genius （天 才）and the most intelligent person on the planet. In a situation like this, is it possible to overcome your fear and deal with loneliness? Daniel Keyes offers his answer to this question.A Certain SmileFrancoise SaganIf you don't enjoy thrillers or sci-fi and stories about dragon-riding detectives, and if you're longing for something comforting, slow and gentle, this beautiful little book by Francoise Sagan is ju