上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模英语试题.docx

上海市普陀区2021-2022学年高三上学期一模考试英语试题学校:姓名：班级:考号：一、用单词的适当形式完成短文Directions: After reading the passage below; fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word: for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Billionaires Race to SpaceIn late July 2021, Jeff Bezos achieved an out-of-this-world ambition. The billionaire founder of Amazon 1 . (fly) to the edge of space-62 miles (100 kilometers) above Earth9s surface-on a rocket designed by his company Blue Origin.“Best day ever,“ Bezos said over the radio to mission control after landing safely back on Earth, 2. others weren't so impressed. They called the mission an enormous waste of money. Bezos, they argued, 3. be spending his billions to improve things on Earth.Bezos wasn't the first billionaire to set his sights on space. Nor was he the first 4. (criticize) about wasting enormous personal wealth. A week 5, the Amazon founder made history, business owner Richard Branson did, too. Branson became the first person to fly to space on a rocket he helped fund, 6. (develop) by his company Virgin Galactic.Critics say that the money 7. (go) toward commercial space travel would be better spent on 8. they see as more important pursuits. These include working to cure diseases, reducing poverty, and helping to solve the climate crisis. Besides, launching spacecrafts is harmful to the planet, critics declare. 9. naturalist Holly Haworth pointed out in Sierra magazine, "traveling in rockets is arguably the most carbon-emitting thing an individual can do.But supporters of commercial space travel argue that it does benefit humanity. Personal funds 10. (put) toward high-paying jobs and a new industry. That's money they could have spent on new limousines or villas for themselves, supporters say. Plus, their companies are investing in new technologies that increase access to space and drive innovation in other areas as well.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Frankfurt. He and his team found that the happiest Europeans are those who can experience many different kinds of birds in their daily life, or who live in near-natural surroundings that are home to many species.So, if birdsong is good for our mental health, how can we increase the different types of birdsongs we hear? Scientists also mentioned, 4tWe would recommend planting native trees and flowers because we have a lot of pretty decorative plants in our cities. And they might look nice to us, but birds can't necessarily use them. So, we think it important to have species that are native to the area to increase bird diversity.”七、汉译英（整句）52 .李华习惯每周日早上帮妈妈拖地板.（rule）（汉译英）53 .在任何情况下，我们都不能自行修理这电烤炉，以免发生危险。（circumstance）（汉译英）54 .回忆起那段收获满满的志愿者经历，他依旧对当时给予他帮助的当地居民心怀感激。（grateful）（汉译 英）55 .回到祖国母亲怀抱，她抑制不住内心的激动，说道，“有五星红旗的地方，就有信念的灯塔，如果信念 有颜色，那一定是中国红！ “（where）（汉译英）八、其他应用文56 . Directions: Write an English composition in 120-150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.近一年来，为了促进学生身心健康和全面发展，学校进一步加强了对学生作'也、睡眠、手机、读物、体质 五个方面的管理。每一位在校学生都能感受到这项举措带来的变化。The Teens杂志社向青少年读者征稿， 希望大家能分享这一举措在各校的具体落实情况。假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，请就其中一个方面的 管理描述自己的经历并发表对此的看法。参考答案1. flew2. while3. should4. to be criticized5. . before6. developed7. going8. what9. The10. are put【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章阐述了人们对亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到 了距离地球表面62英里的太空边缘这件事的批评和支持的观点。考查时态。句意：这位亚马逊的亿万富翁创始人乘坐由其公司Blue Origin设计的火箭飞到了距离地球表面 62英里（100公里）的太空边缘。根据前一句的时间状语“In late July 2021”可知句子时态是一般过去时，动 词使用过去式flew。故填flew。考查连词。句意：“有史以来最好的一天，'贝佐斯在安全返回地球后通过无线电对任务控制中心说，而其他 人则没有这么印象深刻。结合句意可知用while表示前后的对比表示“然而:故填while。考查情态动词。句意：他们辩论，贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。结合前文“他们认为这 次太空任务是一种金钱的浪费”，可知他们辩论说贝佐斯应该花费数十亿美元来改善地球上的一切。用情态 动词should符合题意。故填shouldo考查非谓语动词。句意：他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的人。结合空格前的the first可知，用动 词不定式作后置定语，the first和criticize之间是被动关系，用动词不定式的被动式符合题意。故填to be criticized o考查连词。句意：在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，企'业主理查德布兰森也创造了历史。结合本段第一 句"Bezos wasn't the first billionaire to set his sights on space."（他也不是第一个被批评浪费巨额个人财富的 人。），可知表示在亚马逊创始人创造历史的前一周，用连词before符合题意。故填before。考查非谓语动词。句意：布兰森成为第一个乘坐他帮助资助的火箭飞往太空的人，该火箭由他的公司维珍 银河公司开发。分析句子可知句子谓语动词是became,空格处缺少非谓语动词，a rocket和develop之间是 被动关系，用过去分词短语作后置定语。故填developed。考查非谓语动词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。分析句 子可知that引导的宾语从句中谓语动词是would be,空格处用非谓语动词作后置定语，the money和go之间 是主动关系，用现在分词符合题意。故填going。考查名词性从句连接词。句意：批评人士说，用于商业太空旅行的钱最好花在他们认为更重要的追求上。 分析句子可知在介词on后缺少宾语从句连接词,在动词see后缺少宾语,指物用what符合题意。故填what。考查冠词。句意：自然主义者霍莉霍沃斯在塞拉杂志上指出，“乘坐火箭旅行可以说是个人能做的最具 碳排放的事情。”分析句子可知在名词naturalist前应该用定冠词the表示特指，首字母大写。故填The。考查时态和语态。句意：个人资金被投入高薪工作和一个新的行业。句子陈述是事实用一般现在时，主语 Personal funds put之间是被动关系，用一般现在时的被动语态，主语是复数，系动词用are。故填are put。1. D2. A3. K4. I5. G6. J7. H19. E20. C【分析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了受气候危机的影响，未来可能会出现海上的流动城市。考查名词。句意：这些戏剧性的场面成为2021年9月的头条新闻。结合语境，此处表示上文所叙述的事件 已经成为新闻头条，名词headline,意为“头条新闻' 使用复数形式作动词made的宾语，符合句意。故选 D项。考查语态。句意：多达4050万人已经受气候危机的影响而流离失所。根据后文“by the effects of the climate crisis”可知，受气候危机的影响，多达4050万人被迫离开自己的家园，动词displace,意为“迫使（某人） 离开家园”，与主语As many as 40.5 million people之间是被动关系，空处填写过去分词形式displaced构成 现在完成时的被动语态，符合句意。故选A项。考查非谓语动词，句意：根据经济与和平研究所的数据，到2050年，将有超过10亿人生活在缺乏抵御海 平面上升的基本系统和服务的国家。空处在句中作后置定语，应用不定式形式修饰the basic systems and services,空前出现不定式to,后接动词原形形式即可，动词withstand意为“抵御”符合句意。故选K项。 14.考查名词。句意：近年来，建筑师和其他人更迫切地探索的一个解决方案是建造浮动城市。本句是含有定 语从句的复合句，architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years 是定语从句，根据 句意，空处应填写名词solution,表示“解决方法。作先行词。故选I项。考查形容词。句意：2019年，联合国召集了一批创新者、科学家和海洋工程师讨论不确定的海洋社区的未 来。 根据后文“As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities retake to water needs to change, too.”可知，气候和水生态系统在变化，城市的建设方式也要发生变化，所以海洋社区的未来是不确 定的，空处修饰名词communities,应用形容词，neutral是形容词，表示“不确定的”，作定语，符合句意。 故选G项。考查形容词。句意：这些城市可以设计成气候可持续的。根据后文“They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics （水耕法）.”可知，这些城市被设计成为了 气候 可持续发展的，形容词sustainable表示“可持续的。符合句意。故选J项。考查语态。句意：另一个备受关注的计划社区是Oceanix城，预计60年内该城118个岛屿中有三分之一位 于海平面以下。空处是which引导的定语从句中的谓语动词，动词project表示“规划”，与Oceanix City之 间是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，空前已经出现is,空处应填写动词的过去分词形式，projected 是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选H项。考查动词，句意：Oceanix城的规划以太阳能和水能为动力的六边形岛屿群为特色。空处在句子中作谓语动 词，结合上下句，句子应用一般现在时，主语plans是复数形式，动词应使用原形形式，feature是动词原形， 表示“以为特色”，符合句意。故选B项。考查动词。句意：与海底相连，每个人造岛可为大约300人提供住处；这些岛屿将组成一个约有10000名 居民的社区。空处位于would之后，应用动词原形形式，house作动词，表示“给提供住处”，符合题意。 故选E项。考查语态。句意：与海底相连，每个人造岛可为大约300人提供住处；这些岛屿将组成一个约有10000名 居民的社区。根据句意，空处应填写动词group,表示“成组。与主语the islands之间是被动关系，空前出 现be,空处填写过去分词形式，grouped是动词的过去分词形式，符合句意。故选C项。15. A16. D17. C18. B19. A20. B21. D22. B23. C32. B33. C34. A35. B【分析】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要是对未来交通工具超级高铁的争论。考查名词词义辨析。句意：你的火车没有轮子，不产生污染，自己发电，也不受恶劣天气的影响。A. pollution 污染；B.sound声音;C. energy精力;D. wind风。根据"makes its own electricity,”可知,因为自己可以发电, 所以不产生污染。故选A。考查形容词最高级词义辨析。句意：这就是超级高铁，世界上最快、最安全、最绿色的交通方式的新愿景。A. cleanest 最干净的；B. lightest 最轻的；C. latest 最新的；D. fastest 最快的。根据“Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane.”可知，这种超级高铁是是飞机速 度的两倍，所以是世界上最快的交通方式。故选D。考查动词词义辨析。句意：许多人已经接受了这项新技术，但也有人说，超级高铁的愿景只是一堆空话。A. adapted 适应；B. exploited 禾！用；C. embraced 接受；D. developed 发展。根据"but others say the hyperloop vision is just a bunch of hot air.”中转折可知，许多人已经接受了这项新技术。故选C。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：超级高铁的开发人员计划利用磁铁的特性来漂浮、稳定和驱动胶囊或舱在儿 乎没有空气的管道中行驶数百英里。A. totally hollow完全空洞；B. nearly airless几乎没有空气的；C. steadily narrow 稳步缩小;D. highly flexible 高度灵活的。根据“Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.”可知，因为没有空气，所以是 在几乎真空的管道中行驶。故选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：这项技术的支持者宣扬了使用超级高铁运送乘客和货物的额外优势。A. advantages 优势；B. costs 花费;C. qualities 质量；D. situations 状况。根据"For example, they firmly state that unlike other city-to-city transport thafs 6, such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, likeUbers and taxis.”可知，这里陈述超级高铁的优势。故选A。26.考查短语词义辨析。句意：例如，他们坚定地表示，不像飞机或火车等其他有严格时间表的城市到城市的 交通工具，超级高铁车辆会在需要时离开，比如优步和出租车。A. in constant demands不断的需求；B. on strict timetables 按照严格的时间表；C. in changeable states 在多变状态；D. on essential services 基本服务。根 据“such as planes or trains, hyperloop vehicles would leave as needed, like Ubers and taxis.”可知，超级高铁像优 步和出租车一样，不需要像飞机或火车一样按照严格的时间表才能出发。故选B。考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然每辆车只能搭载28至50名乘客，但开发商计划让这些车每分钟分批从车 站出发，他们说，这样每小时可以运送5万人。A. cabins小木屋；B.lorries卡车;C.tubes地铁;D. vehicles 交通工具。这里指超级高铁作为交通工具每辆车的运载能力。故选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：这是世界上最快列车载客量的两倍多。A. fare车费；B.c叩acity容量；C. speed 速度；D. comfort 安慰。根据"While the7would hold only 28 to 50 passengers each, developers plan forthem to depart stations in groups every minute or so which they say could amount to shuttling 50,000 people an hour.”可知，超级高铁载客容量是世界上最快列车的两倍多。故选B。考查形容词词义辨析。句意：开发商还表示，超级高铁管道将会升高，这样它们就不会干扰其他交通或威 胁野生动物。A. underground地下的;B. parallel平行的;C. elevated抬高的；D. shared共享的。根据“so they wouldn*t interfere with other traffic or threaten wildlife.”可知，可以将超级高铁管道升高建造，这样不会干扰其 他交通或威胁野生动物。故选C。考查副词词义辨析。句意：因此，支持者把超级高铁作为未来的交通选择。A. However然而；B. Therefore 因止匕；C. Beside 在旁边；D. Otherwise 否贝。根据"advocates regard the hyperloop as the transportation choice for the ftiture.”可知，前后句之间为因果关系。故选B。3L考查形容词词义辨析。句意：工程师们计算出，高速车辆需要比目前设想的大得多的转弯，否则对乘客来 说就不安全了。A. available可利用的；B.economic经济的；C.easy容易的;D.safe安全的。根据“Engineers have calculated that the high-speed vehicles will need to make much wider turns than currently envisioned J 可知, 为了乘客的安全，设计转弯的时候需要很大的弯道。故选D。考查名词词义辨析。句意：一些工程师认为，在每辆车离开之前，将空气从管道中抽出所需的时间将比他 们声称的要长得多。A. force 力量；B. air 空气;Cheat 热；D. water 水。根据“Without air or ground to slow down the vehicles, what was once a five-hour journey would become a half-hour excursion, engineers promise.”可 知，运行时没有空气，所以需要从管道中抽取空气。故选B。 33.考查短语词义辨析。句意：因此，批评人士说，超级高铁的速度和每小时载客量无法达到广告宣传的水平， 因此它们并不比现有的高速交通工具更好。A. most popular of最流行的；B. superior to比优越；C. nobetter than 不比好；D. least profitable of 最无利可图的。根据"Critics thus say hyperloops can't go as fast orserve as many passengers per hour as advertised,”可知，批评人士认为超级高铁并不比现有的高速交通工具更 好。故选C。考查动词词义辨析。句意：超级高铁公司表示，他们正在解决这些问题。A. addressing处理；B.causing引 起；C. voicing 表达；D. releasing 释放。根据"Engineers also say planners haven't included enough time for vehicles to safely brake and take off at stations. Some engineers believe it will take much longer than claimed to pump the12 out of the tubes before each vehicle's departure. Critics thus say hyperloops can*t go as fast or serveas many passengers per hour as advertised, making them 13 existing high-speed transportation options.”可知，超级高铁公司正在解决所提出的这些问题。故选A。考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的超回路列车将依靠计算机瞬间的反应时间来快速、频繁、安全地驾驶车 辆。A. ride 乘坐；B. pilot 驾驶;C. park 停车；D. alert 警报。根据"And their hyperloops will rely on the split-second reaction times of a computer”可知，超级高铁公司声称会依靠计算机瞬间的反应时间来解决安全驾驶问题。故 选B。34. D35. B36. C37. C【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了著名墨西哥女画家弗里达卡罗及其作品。A. displacedB. featureC. grouped D. headlines E. house F. inevitableG. neutralH. projectedI. solution J. sustainable K. withstandFloating Cities: The Wave of the Future?Rainwater pouring into the New York City subway. Towns and roads in Pennsylvania overtaken by floodwater. These dramatic scenes made 11. in September 2021. As many as 40.5 million people have already been 12, by the effects of the climate crisis. Rising sea levels, along with extreme flooding, are putting more and more coastal residents and others at risk. By 2050, more than 1 billion people will live in countries that lack the basic systems and services to 13. sea-level rise, according to the Institute for Economics and Peace. And all these climate refugees will need to seek out new homes on dry land.One 14. architects and others have been exploring with more urgency in recent years is to build floating cities. In 2019, the United Nations brought together a group of innovators, scientists, and marine engineers to discuss the future of 15, sea-based communities. "As our climate and water ecosystems are changing, the way our cities retake to water needs to change, too.'* said U.N. Deputy Secretary-General Amina J. Mohammed. "Floating cities are a means of ensuring climate adaption, as buildings can rise along with the sea.”These cities can be designed as climate 16. .They can take advantage of plentiful wind and water power for electricity, and grow food using hydroponics （水耕法）. "From traditional houseboat communities to high-tech experiments, there are many examples to learn from,*' she added.Some of these experimental floating cities are already in development. Another planned community thafs attracting a lot of attention is Oceanix City, which is 17, to have one-third of its 118 islands below sea level within 60 years.Plans for Oceanix City 18. groups of hexagon-shaped （六边形）islands powered by solar and water energy. Tied to the seafloor, each human-made island would 19, around 300 people; the islands would be 20 , together in communities of about 10,000 residents. Oceanix citizens would drink processed ocean water and extracted humidity from the air, and dine on a ready supply of seafood.三、完形填空Imagine sitting inside a windowless train that's shooting through a tube at twice the speed of an airplane. Your train has no wheels, produces no 21, makes its own electricity, and isn*t affected by bad weather. This isthe hyperloop, a new vision for the world's 22, safest, and greenest form of transportation. Many have 细节理解题。根据文章第二段"Because of her experiences in Mexico City, Kahlo became a strong supporter of peasantsFghts.（因为在墨西哥城的经历，卡罗成为了农民权利的坚定支持者广可知，卡罗在墨西哥革命期间 在墨西哥城的经历促使她支持贫穷劳工的权利。故选D。细节理解题。根据文章第二段“While in school, Kahlo witnessed a number of bloody struggles between armed groups in Mexico City during the Mexican Revolution.（在上学期间，卡罗目睹了墨西哥革命期间墨西哥城武装 组织之间的多次血腥斗争）"、"Later, in 1925, she was in a bus accident that broke her backbone, dislocated her shoulder, and caused other terrible injuries.（后来，在1925年，她在一场公共汽车事故中脊椎骨折，肩膀脱臼， 并造成其他严重的伤害）”和第三段"To relieve the boredom of recovery and to help deal with the pain and sadness of the accident, she began to paint.（为了缓解恢复期的无聊，也为了缓解事故带来的痛苦和悲伤，她开 始画画）”可知，卡罗先见证了墨西哥革命，然后在一场公共汽车事故中受伤，最后开始绘画。所以按时间顺 序排列为。故选B。词义猜测题。根据文章第四段"This was painted just after she and Rivera got divorced. If you look closely. you can see that the Mexican Kahlo holds a portrait of Rivera. Symbols such as the exposed hearts and stormy sky suggest the pain that Kahlo felt. Check out how one of the hearts is broken, and the other one's whole. She seems to be suggesting that Rivera only loved the Mexican part of hers .（这幅画是她和里维拉离婚后画的。如果你仔细看。 你可以看到墨西哥的卡罗拿着里维拉的画像。像暴露的心和暴风骤雨的天空这样的符号暗示着卡罗所感受 到的痛苦。看看其中一颗心是如何破碎的。另一个是完整的。她似乎在喑示里维拉只爱她的墨西哥血统。y 可知，卡罗与丈夫里维拉的婚姻是动荡的、充满了戏剧性的起伏。所以turbulent为“动荡的、充满了戏剧性 的起伏”之意。故选C。细节理解题。根据文章第三段"Many people consider her paintings examples of surrealism, since much of what she painted was fantastical （许多人认为她的画是超现实主义的例子，因为她画的很多东西都是幻想的）”可知， 弗里达卡罗的画与超现实主义画家的画相似之处在于它们都包含幻想的，梦幻般的意象。故选C。37. B38. B39. D【分析】这是一篇应用文。文章详细介绍