2023年高中英语语法定语从句分析及巩固练习.docx

2023年高中英语语法定语从句分析及巩固练习高中语法中，定语从句是由关系代词和关系副词引导的从句，关 系代词which、that等。作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分, 定语从句分为限制性和非限制性从句。一、关系代词与关系副词1、关系代词在定语从句中，能作关系代词的有which、that、who/whomowhich/that 指物例：The book which/that you borrowed me yesterday is interesting.你昨天借给我的书很有意思。（1） who/that 指人例：He is the man who/that lives next door.他是住在隔壁 的那个人。注意：关系代词在从句中作宾语时，which/that保持不变，who 变为whom。例：We wondered whom the book was about.我们想知道这本 书是关于谁的。2、关系副词在定语从句中，能作关系副词的有why （表原因）、where （表地点）、when （表时间）。例：This is the reason why I was late this morning. 这 就是我今天早上迟到的原因。This is the town where he was born.这是他出 生的小镇。Tom got married in 2000 when he was 24 years old. 2000年汤姆结婚了，当时他24岁。注意：千万不要看见前面是原因、地点、时间就用why、where> when这些关系副词，关键要看它们在从句中起名词还是副词的作用。请看下面的例题：This is the reason I was late this morning.This is the reason I told you.第一句中，the reason用来修饰迟到这个动词，表示早上迟到 的原因(I was late because-),因此它起到副词的作用，要用 why。而第二句中，the reason 是 told 的宾语(I told you the reason), 起名词的作用，因此要用which/that。二、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句1、结构上的区别限制性定语从句不用逗号与主句隔开例：I have a sister who is a doctor.(限制性定语从句)我有一个当医生的姐姐。非限制性定语从句需使用逗号和主句隔开。例：I have a sister, who is a doctor.（非限制性定语从句） 我有一个姐姐，她是当医生的。2、意义及功能上的区别限制性定语从句修饰和限制先行词，明确先行词内容，是先行词 不可缺少的定语。如果删去，会影响主句意义的完整。例：I have an elder brother who is a teacher.（限制性定 语从句）我有一个当老师的哥哥。（但我可能还有做其他工作的哥哥。删去该从句后，句子的整体 含义发生了变化：I have an elder brother.这句话的就意味着我 只有一个哥哥了。）非限制性定语从句是对先行词的附加补充说明。如果删去，不会 影响主句意义的完整。例：I have an elder brother, who is a teacher.（非限制性 定语从句）我有一个哥哥，他是当老师的。（删去该从句后不影响句子的整体含义：I have an elder brother.）从以上两句句子中也可以看出限制性定语从句和非限制性定语 从句的译法也有所不同。一般限制性定语从句会翻译成先行词的定语“的”，而非限制 性定语从句通常翻译成主句的并列句。3、先行词的内容区别大多数限制性和非限制性定语从句的先行词往往为某一个词或 短语，而特殊情况下非限制性定语从句的先行词也可为整个主句或是 主句中的某些内容，此时非限制性定语从句常由which引导。例：A four-year-old boy can speak two foreign languages, which surprises all the people present.（非限制性定语从句）一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语，这令所有在场的人感到非常惊讶。（令人惊讶的是“一个四岁男孩会讲两门外语”这件事，先行词为整 个主句，所以应由which引导非限制性定语从句。）4、关系词使用上的区别4. 1在限制性定语从句中，当关系词做宾语时可以省略。但在非限制性定语从句中，关系词是不可省略的。例：Is this the magazine (that) she wants?（限制性定语从句）这是她想要的杂志吗?例：The man returned home with the magazine, which he had bought in a bookstore.（非限制性定语从句）男人 带着杂志回家了，这杂志是他在书店买的。4.2 非限制性定语从句中不能使用关系代词that或why例：Tennis, which is the best summer game, can be played by two or four players.（非限制性定语从句）网球是最好的夏日 运动，可以有两个或四个人一起玩。这句话不可以写成：Tennis, that is the best summer game, canbe played by two or four players. 在语法上是错误的。4.3在限制性定语从句中有时可用who代替whom,但是在非限制性定语从句中不可以用who代替whom例：He is the only doctor who/whom I can turn to for help. （限制性定语从句）他是我唯一能求助的医生了。（关系词作宾语时 可用who代替whom）例：He is a warm-hearted doctor, to whom I can turn for help.（非限制性定语从句）他是个好心的医生，我可以向他求助。5、在非限制性定语从句中，“介词+关系代词”结构前可以使用 all、both、most、some 等词，与 of which/whom 搭配。例：Her daughters, both of whom studied abroad, wrote to her once every two weeks.（她的两个女儿在国外读书，她们每两 周给她写封信。）6、as引导非限制性定语从句as作关系代词引出非限制性定语从句时，代替整个主句，对其 进行说明，有“正如，就像”之意。通常用于 as we all know、as is said above、as is often the case等句式中。as在非限制性定语从句中作主语、表语或宾语，引出的从句位 置比较灵活，可位于句首或句末，也可置于主句中间。通常均由逗号 将其与主句隔开。例：As was often the case, he forgot to bring the book. （他 忘了 带书，这很寻常。）=He forgot to bring the book, as was often the case.定语从句专项考点及答案在复合句中作定语，修饰主句中的某一名词或代词的从句，叫做 定语从句。被定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词，位于从句之前。定语从句的基本结构为：先行词+关系代/副词+ 句子Do you know the boy who is wearing a blue jacket?The skirt that /which is made of silk is very expensive. I can" t afford it.The number of the people who/that own cars is increasing.The house that （which、/） the famous person once lived in is very old now.关系代词：that, which, who, whom, whose 关系副词：when, where, why.a. that 既可指人，也可指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语， 可以省略；不引导非限定性定语从句There are lots of things I need to prepare beforethe trip. （10 河北）A. whoA. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose（答案：B）b. which一指物，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略.可引 导非限定性定语从句。This is the dictionary Mum gave me for my birthday.（08河北）A. which B. what C. whose D. whom（答案：A）Sorry, we don' t have the coat you need. （09 河 北）A. what B. who C. whom D. which（答案：D）c. Who 一般指人，作主语，不能省略；作宾语，可以省略，（常 用 whom）Jamie is a young cook wants to improve school dinners. （10 天津）A. who B. whose C. whom D. which（答案：A）whose作定语，表示所属关系。I like the teacher classes are very interestingand creative. （09 兰州）A. which B. who C. what D. whose（答案：D）d. when 作时间状语:When二介词 + whichShe will never forget the day when (=on which) she was married.e. where 作地点状语 where = 介词 + whichI want to know the place where (= in which) I was born.f. why 作原因状语，其先行词常常是the reason, why = for whichThat is the reason why(= for which) I' m late. 定语从句专项练习(附答案)That is the only thing I bought from thesupermarket.A. which B. that C. whatD. whereThe place interested me most was the Children's Palace.A. which B. whereC. whatD. in which3. The computerlastweek has gone wrong.A. which I bought itB. I boughtC.what I boughtD.I bought it4. That is the poor boy4. That is the poor boyfather died in a trafficaccident last year.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which5. Do you know the girl5. Do you know the girlis standing under the tree?A. whoB. whomC. whichD. whereIs the woman talked to our teacher yesterdayyour mother?A. whoB. whom C. which D. whatThe young lady we met yesterday is our new mathsteacher.A. what B. whose C. whom D. whichI like to live in a house is big and bright.A. thatB. whoC. howD.whyI hate people talk much but do little.A. whom B. which C. who D. whenI am one of the boys never late for school.A. that is B. who are C. who am D. who is1-5 BABCA 6-10 ACACB